Pediatrics
Balanced Fluid or 0.9% Saline in Children Treated for Septic Shock | ClinicLens
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articlePediatrics
Addressing the persistent increase in rates of overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity in children and adolescents living in the WHO Americas Region, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the Organization of American States (OAS; Washington, DC, USA) have released
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Neonatal sepsis remains one of the most pressing public health challenges in Africa, threatening progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goal target 3.2 of reducing neonatal mortality to 12 deaths or less per 1000 livebirths. Beyond the well recognised barriers to diagnos
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Childhood and adolescent obesity is increasingly understood as a heterogeneous condition in which excess adiposity may be accompanied by distinct cardiometabolic phenotypes. Metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity have become important concepts for risk
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To systematically review educational interventions for staff working on acute paediatric wards aimed at improving the care of children and young people (CYP) admitted for mental health support. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, The Education Resources Information Centre
Open articlePediatrics
Hypospadias repair is associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain in children. Caudal epidural block is traditionally considered the standard regional anesthetic technique for sub-umbilical pediatric surgeries; however, its duration of analgesia and potential adverse ef
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Child sexual abuse and exploitation (CSAE) are pervasive problems that significantly affect the health of children and adolescents. This paper presents the results of a cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) evaluating a school-based intervention designed to prevent CSAE in B
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Infancy represents a critical period for growth and development, during which the gut microbiota and its metabolites play essential roles in nutrient absorption and maintaining health. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the safety and gut microbiota-modulating eff
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To summarize the evidence on the global experience of dental caries among Indigenous children and adolescents worldwide using decayed, missing, and filled teeth indices for deciduous (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentitions. A systematic review of the PubMed, SciELO, Embase, and Sc
Open articlePediatrics
This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted with 82 kindergarten students who were at or below the 50th percentile in letter sound fluency. Students were randomly assigned to a control group (business as usual) or an intervention group where students engaged in letter
Open articlePediatrics
Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by wheezing, imposes a substantial global health burden on children. Given the potential of early-life omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFA) supplementation as an anti-inflammatory intervention to prevent chi
Open articlePediatrics
Snakebite envenomation is a neglected tropical disease that disproportionately affects children in low- and middle-income countries. Pediatric patients are uniquely vulnerable due to smaller body mass, increased venom-to-body-weight ratios, and behavioral risk factors such as out
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This review aimed to highlight the association between upper airways dimensions and pediatric obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature on upper airways dimensions in oSDB children compared with c
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Formula feeding and having a mother with overweight are associated with overweight during infancy. We sought to pilot test calibrated formula feeding guidance using age and weight specific intake recommendations to improve weight outcomes amongst at-risk infants. Exclusively form
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Corticosteroids are among the most highly prescribed drugs. Chronic treatment with corticosteroids causes osteopenia, as well as growth failure in children. Our goal was to identify serum biomarkers of prednisone-related perturbations of bone and/or cartilage metabolism associate
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Pediatric tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), also called Tumor-induced rickets (TIR), is characterized by renal phosphate wasting, resulting in hypophosphatemia and rickets. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of pediatric TIO patients. A systematic search wa
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This meta-analysis was designed to compare airway complication rates between deep vs. awake laryngeal mask airway (LMA) removal in pediatric non-airway surgery, while discussing the impact of anesthetic agents, patient position and age. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of S
Open articlePediatrics
The effect of adjunctive glucocorticoids in the primary treatment of Kawasaki disease in unselected patients remains unknown. In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial in China, we assigned participants with newly diagnosed Kawasaki disease in a 1:1 ratio to r
Open articlePediatrics
We conducted a pilot randomised controlled trial in two teaching hospitals in Tunisia to compare video-based instruction and four-step low-fidelity simulation for paediatric Basic Life Support (BLS) training among interns and nurses. Knowledge was assessed using a 15-item multipl
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Primary care-based secure firearm storage programs are well-positioned to prevent firearm-related injury, the leading cause of death for young people in the United States. While recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and US Surgeon General, these programs have yet to b
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Diagnostic errors contribute to patient safety risks, often arising from cognitive failures in clinical reasoning. Preceptorship is thought to improve residents' clinical reasoning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a preceptorship program on clinical reaso
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Background and objectives Interactive digital tools such as smartboards are increasingly being used in education, yet robust evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study compared Smartboard- and PowerPoint-based teaching in undergraduate paediatri
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This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR)-based paediatric emergency training, comparing facilitator-guided with self-guided debriefing methods. In a single-blinded, randomised controlled pilot trial, 24 healthcare professionals (12
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This study focused on investigating the educational value of combining standardised patient (SP) teaching videos with simulation-based medical education (SBME) in paediatric resident training. Forty paediatric resident trainees (June 2023-June 2024) were randomised into a control
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pediatric Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical for saving children who experience cardiac arrest, but traditional teaching is often ineffective at improving clinical competence and teamwork. This study evaluates an innovative, understudied model: situational simulation
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Traditional pediatric internship training for undergraduate medical students is often limited by student passivity and underdevelopment of clinical reasoning and skills. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Quality Control Circle (QCC) method, integrated with Min
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High-quality conduct of clinical trials depends on strict adherence to both regulatory protocols and trial-specific procedures to ensure data integrity and participant safety. Standard methods utilized to train research staff have limitations, including lack of specificity and de
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To qualitatively understand the experiences of patient/caregivers, and clinicians of piloting a generic Paediatric Patient Reported Outcome Measure (P-PROM), the EQ-5D-Y-5L, in Routine Outpatient Care for Kids (ROCK), known as the P-PROM ROCK Program. Semi-structured interviews a
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Direct observation (DO) of clinical encounters is fundamental in medical education, but barriers to in-person observation of encounters (IOE) have been well described. Virtual observation of encounters (VOE) could be an alternative, but related literature is sparse. This study co
Open articlePediatrics
Generic pediatric patient-reported outcome measures (P-PROMs) have the potential to enhance care and patient-clinician interactions in specialty hospital settings. However, evidence about their feasibility and acceptability is lacking. To identify the feasibility and acceptabilit
Open articlePediatrics
Central lines are more frequently used in infant newborns; they offer advantages but are related to traumatic complications, obstruction and infection. Antibiotics in catheter locks may decrease infections. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of vancomycin catheter
Open articlePediatrics
Pediatric bacterial pneumonia (30-40% of cases) is commonly treated with ceftriaxone sodium, but optimal duration (traditional 7-14 days vs. short 5-7 days) remains controversial. To compare therapeutic efficacy, inflammatory marker dynamics and safety of short- vs. standard-cour
Open articlePediatrics
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children, with increasing macrolide resistance complicating treatment. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides unique benefits for pediatric respiratory infections. To evaluate the safety and effic
Open articlePediatrics
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a major driver of paediatric antibiotic prescriptions. We assessed the impact of oral and topical antibiotics on middle ear, nasopharyngeal, and gut microbiome compositions, and the gut resistome, in children with AOM and ear discharge (AOMd). Fifty-ei
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Suspicion of early-onset sepsis (EOS) is a major contributor to antibiotic use in late-preterm and term-born neonates. We aimed to evaluate whether a clinically guided, individualised approach to treatment duration could safely reduce antibiotic exposure compared with standard ca
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We aimed to evaluate whether the FILMARRAY® Pneumonia Panel (FAPP) added to standard care could effectively guide antibiotic prescriptions in hospitalized pediatric patients with infectious pneumonia. In this single-center, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled clinica
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To evaluate the mutual effects on safety and immunogenicity of the combined vaccination of the 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) and the adsorbed acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis combined vaccine (DTaP) in healthy infants aged 3 months (90 to 119 d) old. This
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Infants experience distress from repeated vaccine injections in the first year of life. This systematic review evaluated oral nutritive and non-nutritive interventions to reduce distress including: breastfeeding (pre-injection and during), bottle-feeding, sucrose solution, glucos
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization in infants and young children worldwide. Clinical management in infants remains primarily supportive, and natural infection provides incomplete and transient immuni
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Anxiety and depression are common mental disorders and frequently coexist with oral health problems (OHPs) that impair overall well-being and quality of life. While the association of mood disorders and OHPs is well documented in adults, evidence regarding their association in pe
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Respiratory distress is a leading cause of admission to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) among late-preterm (LPT) infants. Our objective was to assess whether prophylactic CPAP provided to breathing LPT infants reduces the duration of respiratory support and to determine saf
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To compare the effectiveness and safety of intravenous magnesium sulfate versus terbutaline in children with acute asthma exacerbations. This randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Paediatric Department of The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Mult
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Antenatal corticosteroids are used to accelerate fetal lung maturation. Recent studies suggest that the current dose may be too high. In the randomized multicenter BETADOSE trial, non-inferiority of the half dose compared to full dose was not shown for surfactant administration.
Open articlePediatrics
Early identification of children at risk for persistent asthma is challenging because preschool respiratory symptoms are heterogeneous and often overlap with transient wheezing illnesses. Machine learning-based prediction models may improve risk stratification, but few have been
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Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) transports vitamin D metabolites and regulates vitamin D levels in circulation. Additionally, maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy play an important role in lung development and childhood asthma occurrence. In this post hoc analysis of a rand
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Since asthma exacerbations during pregnancy risk maternal and fetal health, continued medication is important. However, some studies have reported adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to asthma medication. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to coll
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This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence (AI)-based models in diagnosing pediatric asthma and predicting acute asthma exacerbations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The
Open articlePediatrics
Allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are among the most frequent chronic conditions in the pediatric age. They frequently coexist in children and are sustained by type 2- driven airway inflammation and impaired epithelial-immune interactions. Immunonutritional and postbioti
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Objective: To evaluate the impact of indoor environmental pollution on childhood allergic diseases in recent years through Meta-analysis and explore the potential effects of pollution exposure on children's health. Methods: Literature published between January 2015 and March
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To determine whether anti-reflux ureteral stents improve postoperative stent-related symptoms and complications compared with conventional Double-J (DJ) stents in children undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Children undergoing URL
Open articlePediatrics
Background and Objectives: Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency in children. The standard of care has been appendectomy for many years. However, in recent years, studies investigating antibiotic therapy alone have increased rapidly, suggesting that non-operati
Open articlePediatrics
Disparities in early childhood development due to poverty are linked to lifelong gaps in health and well-being. To address such disparities, interventions must not only include the prevention of toxic stress, but also the promotion of early relational health-that is the presence
Open articlePediatrics
To report study protocol on the effectiveness of a nurse-led, touch-based intervention grounding in caring theory in improving informal caregivers' engagement and perceptions of nurse support during neonatal nursing care. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled tria
Open articlePediatrics
The issue of insufficient physical activity in adolescents (defined by the World Health Organization as those aged 10-19 years) is a significant worldwide health concern, as 81% do not achieve the suggested levels of physical exercise. Although digital health interventions (DHIs)
Open articlePediatrics
This study examined associations between race-based discrimination and substance use among a predominantly minority sample of male youth, ages 13-19, residing in under-resourced neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Youth completed in-person, anonymous electronic surveys abo
Open articlePediatrics
Venipuncture is a common and painful procedure in neonates. Sweet solutions (sucrose and glucose) are recommended and widely used as standard care for reducing neonatal procedural pain. Topical local anesthetics may also reduce procedural pain but generally require longer applica
Open articlePediatrics
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent and serious infection among mechanically ventilated children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), with oral colonization playing a key role in its pathogenesis. Effective oral hygiene measures are therefore crucial to redu
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To the Editor A recent Research Letter examined trends in adolescent sleep using biennial Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data from 2007 to 2023. For most of that period, the relevant YRBS question items are nearly identical, with 1 notable exception. The screen time question i
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In Reply In his thoughtful comments on our Research Letter examining trends in insufficient sleep among US adolescents, Dr White raises an important point regarding the comparability of the 2021 and 2023 screen time measures with those used in prior years (2007-2019).
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Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common diagnosis in US children’s hospitals, and respiratory failure is the costliest diagnosis across all pediatric acute care. Despite the prevalence of this condition and its impact on children, families, and health systems, evidence-based
Open articlePediatrics
This randomized trial assesses the effect of prone positioning in infants with moderate to severe bronchiolitis receiving high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) support on the need for escalation of care to noninvasive or invasive ventilation within 72 hours.
Open articlePediatrics
This study aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a novel diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (acellular, three components) combined vaccine, adsorbed (DTcP) vaccine compared to the existing co-purified DTaP vaccine in China. In this partially randomized, blinded, cont
Open articlePediatrics
SOFTPEERS: feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a peer-led intervention to prevent binge drinking in adolescents. Results from a mixed-methods pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial.
Open articlePediatrics
Rare and undiagnosed genetic disorders affect millions of patients globally, and many patients endure years of inconclusive testing. Conventional genomic interpretation can be insufficiently sensitive and costly and is rarely repeated as knowledge evolves. We conducted a retrospe
Open articlePediatrics
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) stands as a predominant cause of community-acquired respiratory infections in children. With the increasing prevalence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains, the therapeutic efficacy of azithromycin monotherapy has become a gro
Open articlePediatrics
Intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in infancy and may lead to substantial morbidity. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated success, recurrence, and perforation rates of ultrasound-guided hydrostatic enema reduction (UGHR) in infants younger
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Approximately 10%-20% of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) are resistant to intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and are at increased risk of developing coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). A potential therapeutic role of anakinra (ANK) in refractory KD has been suggested. The aim of
Open articlePediatrics
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability in childhood. Although an estimated 60 000 children live with CP in Vietnam, there is no national register to systematically collect data on the prevalence, risk factors or clinical profile of CP or service a
Open articlePediatrics
Introduction Medical advancements have led to increased survival for critically ill children, many of whom require tracheostomy. Standardised protocols in paediatric tracheostomy have been associated with reduced hospital length of stay, lower readmission rates and reduced acute
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Objectives To analyse the association between organisational patient safety practices, including training in patient safety and clinical simulation, and safety culture and adverse event (AE) reporting in paediatric emergency departments. Design Observational analytical multicentr
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