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This study aimed to investigate whether genetic variability, assessed through polygenic risk scores (PRSs), predicts blood pressure (BP) changes in individuals with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), and to explore potential interactions between genetic risk and dietary interv
Open articleCardiology
Early mobilisation after myocardial infarction (MI) is strongly recommended. However, evidence regarding the benefits of structured physiotherapy during the acute in-hospital phase remains limited. This controlled clinical trial (CCT) aimed to evaluate whether an intensive early
Open articleCardiology
This study aimed to construct an evidence chain for the efficacy of Shuxuening Injection(SXN) in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris(UAP) and clarify its efficacy and underlying mechanisms. Eight major Chinese and English databases, including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, Pu
Open articleCardiology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 513-516, July 30, 2026.
Open articleCardiology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 518-520, July 30, 2026.
Open articleCardiology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, July 30, 2026.
Open articleCardiology
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articleCardiology
Patients with atrial fibrillation are at high risk of stroke and bleeding, and as coronary artery disease commonly coexists, such patients can present with chronic coronary syndrome or acute coronary syndromes including unstable angina, often requiring percutaneous coronary inter
Open articleCardiology
Leading cardiologist who changed clinical practice and research. Born on Aug 15, 1929, in Vienna, Austria, he died on April 22, 2026, in Newton, MA, USA, aged 96 years.
Open articleCardiology
Among patients with atrial fibrillation and predominantly chronic coronary syndrome undergoing PCI with intravascular imaging guidance, 1-month dual antithrombotic therapy followed by DOAC monotherapy was non-inferior to 12-month therapy for death or thromboembolic events and red
Open articleCardiology
Meta-analyses support anthocyanins' cardiometabolic benefits in heterogeneous populations (including diseased), but efficacy in healthy participants remains unknown. Across prospective cohorts, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs; ≥50 mg/d anthocyanins), we assessed impac
Open articleCardiology
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can differentiate plaque morphology (fibrous, lipidic, and calcified) within atherosclerotic lesions. The prognostic impact of predominant OCT plaque type after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unclear. The aim of this study was to in
Open articleCardiology
Evidence for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) monotherapy for older patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and drug-eluting stents is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of NOAC monotherapy in older AF patients with drug-eluting stents. This is
Open articleCardiology
Patients with multivessel coronary artery disease often receive 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after stenting to reduce the risk of ischemic events. Whether extending DAPT beyond 12 months in event-free patients with multivessel disease provides a benefit is uncert
Open articleCardiology
Randomized trials in chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) tested single interventions of lifestyle, medical treatment, or revascularization. The randomized CENTURY trial tested a comprehensive strategy integrating intense lifestyle modification, medical treatment and revasculari
Open articleCardiology
To evaluate the effectiveness of a contextually developed home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) programme on heart-related quality of life (QoL), cardiac health behaviours (CHB) and cardiac anxiety (CA) among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Lahore, Pakistan. Sin
Open articleCardiology
Implantation of drug eluting stents (DESs) is currently the default approach for percutaneous coronary interventions, but long-term adverse events still exist. An approach with minimal stenting deserves to be assessed in a randomized trial. We studied a novel sirolimus-eluting ba
Open articleCardiology
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) frequently coexists with coronary artery disease (CAD) and may contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Whether HFpEF-like features are reversible with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy remains uncertain.
Open articleCardiology
Coronary bifurcation lesions remain prone to side branch (SB) ostial restenosis. Kissing balloon inflation (KBI) is the standard of care for provisional stenting, but it induces mechanical injury. Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) may pharmacologically inhibit neointimal hyperplasia to
Open articleCardiology
The management of calcified coronary lesions remains challenging. Although several devices for advanced plaque modification are available, their relative efficacy is debated. We aimed to compare intravascular lithotripsy (IVL)- and rotational atherectomy (RA)-based strategies for
Open articleCardiology
Previous studies have shown that ∼50% of patients with stable chest pain have no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), yet remain at higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to patients without chest pain. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is
Open articleCardiology
BACKGROUND Elderly patients with both coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) face high risks of perioperative glucose fluctuations and impaired recovery. We evaluated the impact of a structured, multidisc
Open articleCardiology
Two methods to select statin therapy for primary prevention are the pooled cohort equation (PCE), based on traditional risk factors, and coronary artery calcium (CAC), a patient-level assessment of coronary plaque burden. How well these methods compare in reducing atherosclerotic
Open articleCardiology
Although provisional stenting is the recommended strategy for most coronary bifurcation lesions, the clinical benefit of additional side branch (SB) intervention remains debated. The aim of this study was to determine whether a conservative strategy without systematic SB interven
Open articleCardiology
BACKGROUND: Anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life are common after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), yet participation in traditional center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) is limited by access barriers. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of a home-
Open articleCardiology
The transradial technique has become standard of care for coronary angiography and intervention. In the field of diagnostic coronary angiography, studies have compared single and dual catheter approaches, yet there is paucity of literature comparing all 3 commonly used strategies
Open articleCardiology
Oral anticoagulation is essential for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, whereas antiplatelet therapy remains standard for coronary artery disease (CAD), raising concerns about bleeding when both are combined. The effect of these regimens on recurrent events, reflecting cu
Open articleCardiology
Unblinded studies have demonstrated superior procedural and clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in focal compared with diffuse coronary artery disease. However, data from the first placebo-controlled study did not demonstrate a differential impact of dis
Open articleCardiology
This multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial sought to assess the clinical efficacy of Taoren Honghua Jian (THJ) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) exhibiting Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, and investigated its effect on NLRP3 inflammasome exp
Open articleCardiology
Renal function is a critical factor of ischaemic and bleeding risks in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving antithrombotic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of renal dysfunction in patients with AF and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing ant
Open articleCardiology
Frailty is an important predictor of outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The NOTION-3 (Third Nordic Aortic Valve Intervention) trial demonstrated that performing percutaneous coronary intervention (P
Open articleCardiology
BACKGROUND: In patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and multivessel disease, diabetes mellitus is associated with more diffuse coronary atherosclerosis and worse clinical outcomes, often influencing revascularization decisions. The Functional Assessment in Elderly MI Patients
Open articleCardiology
Chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation of heart failure (HF) often result in sarcopenia. The combined effect of Mediterranean diet (MD) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the advanced lipidomic profile of HF patients remains poorly defined. Our objective was to
Open articleCardiology
This study aimed to explore whether baseline values and 12-month change in the 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) and the physical scale of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) were associated with long-term mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). A tot
Open articleCardiology
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) is a prevalent condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and the benefits of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) remain unclear. To develop a systema
Open articleCardiology
Patients with HF and AF face high risks of death and HF decompensation, yet the comparative effectiveness of commonly used AF management strategies remains uncertain. This study is aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of different interventional and medical approaches using
Open articleCardiology
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of intracoronary stem cell transplantation on left ventricular function (LVEF) in acute myocardial infarction, chronic ischemic heart disease, and severe ischemic heart f
Open articleCardiology
The prognostic value of the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) score in patients undergoing mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) remains unclear. This study evaluated the MAGGIC score to predict outcomes after M-TEER in patients with f
Open articleCardiology
The benefit of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction on foundational therapy that includes a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the impact of an ICD among partici
Open articleCardiology
Exploring the effects of the hospital-to-home transitional capacity management plan in patients with chronic heart failure. Patients with chronic heart failure who were hospitalized from December 2022 to August 2024 were selected as research subjects and randomly assigned to eith
Open articleCardiology
Withdrawal of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure (HF) is common after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation and recovery of cardiac function, but safety remains uncertain. To assess the feasibility and safety of phased GDMT withdrawal in patients wit
Open articleCardiology
Background: Dietary interventions in heart failure (HF) remain limited, with current guidance focused largely on sodium restriction. Ketone metabolism has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in HF, with ketone supplementation shown to improve cardiac function. However, ther
Open articleCardiology
The central problem in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is reduced contractility. Existing inotropes are associated with adverse effects. In this exploratory study, we aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of AC01, a novel oral calcium-sensitising inotro
Open articleCardiology
Early rhythm control reduces cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiovascular comorbidities. Whether this effect is consistent across severities of different AF-associated conditions is not known. In the EAST-AFNET 4 biomolecule study (n = 1586;
Open articleCardiology
FIX-HF-5C multicentre, randomized study demonstrated cardiac contractility modulation (CCMTM) improved patient-centred outcomes, including functional capacity, symptom burden, and health-related quality of life. Reductions in cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization
Open articleCardiology
We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of β-blockers after myocardial infarction (MI) across left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) strata and to assess the conclusiveness of the available evidence using trial sequential analysis (TSA). PubMed, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov were se
Open articleCardiology
Heart failure (HF) frequently coexists with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and may adversely affect outcomes after percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). However, data on the safety and efficacy of LAAC in this high-risk subgroup remain inconsistent. A compre
Open articleCardiology
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is more prevalent in women, who often present with earlier onset and greater severity of vascular and endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key contributor to vascular health, and several NO-related metabolites are
Open articleCardiology
Acute heart failure often leads to impaired physical function, high rehospitalization rates, and poor quality of life. Although exercise-based rehabilitation benefits chronic heart failure patients, its feasibility in acute heart failure is limited. Neuromuscular electrical stimu
Open articleCardiology
Although the beneficial effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition in heart failure (HF) have been well established, it is unknown whether SGLT2 inhibition confers benefit in carriers of rare variants in cardiomyopathy-associated genes. Here we evaluated whole-e
Open articleCardiology
Feasible and potentially scalable strategies are needed to address the growing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among people living with HIV. Bidirectional automated texting (BAT) programs that remind and encourage adherence to evidence-based CVD-reducing interventions represent
Open articleCardiology
Purpose To evaluate the effects of a monthly 5-day fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) for 1 year on left ventricular (LV) geometry and function in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods This secondary analysis of the prospective Fasting In diabetes Treatment tria
Open articleCardiology
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and recent ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) face accelerated atherosclerosis and a high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), particularly empagliflozin, offer proven cardioprotec
Open articleCardiology
Atrial fibrillation (AF), a common arrhythmia, is associated with impaired quality of life and increased stroke risk and mortality. Clinical guidelines recommend leveraging digital technologies to support patient education and AF self-management. Conversational artificial intelli
Open articleCardiology
Despite advances in therapy, arterial, venous, and pulmonary vascular diseases remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Persistent endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and maladaptive vascular remodeling continue to drive disease progression and resid
Open articleCardiology
Serum urate has been associated with cardiovascular disease in observational studies, but whether genetically predicted higher serum urate levels contribute to specific cardiovascular outcomes remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian rand
Open articleCardiology
Patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with saphenous vein harvesting are at increased risk of impaired lower extremity perfusion and wound-related complications. Buerger-Allen exercises have been proposed to improve peripheral circulati
Open articleCardiology
Persistent cardiac symptoms are common in post-COVID syndrome, even without structural heart disease. Evidence implicates immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction and low-grade cardiovascular inflammation. Yet no targeted treatment exists. Myoflame-19 is a multicenter, doubl
Open articleCardiology
Chronic lower limb ischemia is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis frequently accompanied by lipid metabolism disorders, endothelial dysfunction, and disturbances in the L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of n
Open articleCardiology
Resistance training is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women, new research suggests.
Open articleCardiology
Patients discharged with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at increased risk for recurrent cardiovascular events. Improved adherence to treatment has been associated with better outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational inte
Open articleCardiology
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) is a recognized cardiovascular risk marker, but its dynamic changes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remain underexplored. We aimed to identify distinct uACR trajectory patterns and their associations with clinic
Open articleCardiology
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Despite significant advances in reperfusion strategies and pharmacotherapy, persistent inflammation and adverse ventricular remodeling continue to underlie poor long-term clinical outcomes.
Open articleCardiology
Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has emerged as an alternative to oral anticoagulation (OAC) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF), but its long-term comparative efficacy remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated randomized controlled t
Open articleCardiology
Structured exercise is a key component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for patients with heart failure (HF), but access to center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) is often limited. Mobile health (mHealth) platforms enable remote, virtual, or hybrid cardiac rehabilitation (RVH-C
Open articleCardiology
Racial and ethnic differences in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) exist, with black and Hispanic participants showing poorer health status. It remains unclear whether these differences affect the natural progression of the disease. We aimed to evaluate disease progression in indivi
Open articleCardiology
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly when hypertension coexists. However, evidence regarding the role of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in this high-risk population remains limited. In this randomized controlled trial
Open articleCardiology
Black individuals have a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) than White individuals, despite a higher burden of traditional risk factors. Prior studies have suggested that European genetic ancestry may contribute to this paradox, but findings have been inconsistent. We ex
Open articleCardiology
Prior research has conducted a limited number of studies on the efficacy of atenolol in preventing atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery (CS). Consequently, a comprehensive evaluation and meta-analysis were undertaken to assess the effectiveness and safety of atenolol in
Open articleCardiology
Bundle branch conduction abnormalities are associated with ventricular dyssynchrony, impaired myocardial mechanics, and progressive systolic dysfunction. Advanced deformation imaging techniques, including speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) and cardiac magnetic resonance feat
Open articleCardiology
This living systematic review Version 1.0 aims to provide a timely, rigorous and continuously updated summary of the evidence on the use of acetazolamide plus loop diuretics in acute congestive heart failure compared to loop diuretics. We conducted a comprehensive search in CENTR
Open articleCardiology
Prolonged ambulatory ECG monitoring is hypothesized to improve detection of paroxysmal arrhythmias compared with standard 24-hour Holter monitoring. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether 14-day single-lead adhesive ECG patch monitoring enhances detection of c
Open articleCardiology
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a condition that frequently affects patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is associated with worsening left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Catheter ablation has been proposed as
Open articleCardiology
Perioperative risk screening seeks to optimize medical decision-making by identifying cardiac risk in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. The current guidelines of organizations such as the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC)inco
Open articleCardiology
Copeptin, a surrogate marker for vasopressin secretion, is associated with cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and dysglycaemia. The cardioprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) may involve vasopressin modulation through fluid redistributi
Open articleCardiology
Heart failure (HF) is a major health care challenge in the United States, with approximately 900,000 older adults hospitalized annually. Gaps in self-management, including unrecognized worsening symptoms and failure to adhere to dietary sodium restriction, can reduce quality of l
Open articleCardiology
Non-invasive myocardial work (MW) indices derived from pressure-strain loop analysis, including global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE), have emerged as novel predictors of clinical outcomes across a broa
Open articleCardiology
Background and Objectives: Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains challenging due to the "diagnostic blind window" of conventional protein biomarkers and the limited sensitivity of electrocardiograms in non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctio
Open articleCardiology
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy worldwide. Over the last few decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the genes responsible for DCM. A large number of variants have been detected, with heterogeneous distribution across the globe.
Open articleCardiology
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Variants in the lipid metabolism gene SCARB1 may influence CAD susceptibility, but existing evidence is inconsistent. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane
Open articleCardiology
Although recent large-scale randomized trials have demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are safe, the mechanisms underlying their potential cardioprotective effects remain poorly understood. The aim of thi
Open articleCardiology
Angina with no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) is associated with persistent symptoms and impaired quality of life. Although guidelines advocate a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach, randomized evidence is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whet
Open articleCardiology
The decision to transfuse a patient with myocardial infarction (MI) and anemia at a higher vs lower hemoglobin threshold must consider the potential benefit of reduced risk of 30-day death or MI and the potential risk of heart failure. To estimate bayesian posterior risk differen
Open articleCardiology
Over the past decade, mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) has become an established interventional treatment option for functional mitral regurgitation. One subtype that has recently gained increasing scientific attention is atrial functional mitral regurgitat
Open articleCardiology
Electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for detecting left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have largely been derived from non-African populations. Their diagnostic performance in Black African adults with untreated hypertension remains uncertain. To evaluate the diagnostic performance
Open articleCardiology
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a major cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite advances in reperfusion therapy, many patients still develop irreversible myocardial injury and adverse ventricular remodeling. Intracoronary mese
Open articleCardiology
Frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVC) can lead to a reversible form of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction termed PVC-induced cardiomyopathy (PIC). Catheter ablation is increasingly recognized as the most effective treatment; however, outcomes may differ by the anatomical
Open articleCardiology
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Antazoline, a first-generation antihistamine with antiarrhythmic properties, has shown efficacy in the rapid conversion of recent-onset AF to sinus rhythm; however, direct comparative evidence against stand
Open articleCardiology
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) requires primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a purinergic receptor Y12 inhibitor to reduce thrombotic risks. Ticagrelor, a potent purinergic receptor Y12 inhibitor, offe
Open articleCardiology
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem associated with frequent hospitalizations, high mortality, and substantial health care costs. Self-care is fundamental to improving health outcomes; yet, self-care is commonly poor among patients with HF. SMS text messaging inte
Open articleCardiology
This study aimed to investigate the effects of virtual reality (VR) technology on the sympathetic nervous system and the emotional status in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A total of 102 patients with ACS, who were treated in the department of cardiology at the Seco
Open articleDermatology
The treatment of common warts can occasionally be a challenge in recalcitrant cases, either recurrent ones or non-responders to treatment. In the current study, the efficacy and safety of monotherapy with topical 50% urea cream and combination therapy with topical 50% urea cream
Open articleDermatology
ObjectiveAlthough probiotic modulation of the gut microbiota in early life has been proposed to prevent atopic dermatitis, supportive evidence remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether probiotic supplementation initiated during infa
Open articleDermatology
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is the most common scarring alopecia among women of African descent and has been increasingly associated with systemic comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic and fibroproliferative conditions. We conducted a PRISMA 2020 complia
Open articleDermatology
Objective: To evaluate the effects of pulsed dye laser (PDL) combined with fractional carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of hypertrophic scars (HSs) in children. Methods: This study was a meta-analysis. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chin
Open articleDermatology
To evaluate the efficacy of intralesional human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the management of cutaneous warts. A comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted in accordance with a registered PROSPERO protocol (CRD42025117032
Open articleDermatology
Chronic urticaria (CU) is a condition characterized by recurrent wheals/angioedema lasting longer than 6 weeks. It is treated in a stepwise manner, starting with antihistamines and escalating to more advanced therapies, if needed. It is frequently associated with autoimmune thyro
Open articleDermatology
Mature striae distensae, called striae albae, are common but treatment-resistant dermal scars. Fractional radiofrequency (FRF) can potentially act as transdermal permeation enhancer for topical tretinoin (TT). This study investigated FRF and TT as a combination treatment for stri
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Background and AimsPulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent and potentially fatal diagnosis in the emergency department (ED). The Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria (PERC), an eight-item clinical decision rule used to identify patients at very low risk of pulmonary embolism, is wi
Open articleEmergency Medicine
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articleEmergency Medicine
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articleEmergency Medicine
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articleEmergency Medicine
We write to urge immediate access to medical care for Dr Hussam Abu Safiya, a paediatrician and Director of Kamal Adwan Hospital in Gaza, who has been detained in Israel since December, 2024, following reports that his health has deteriorated.1 According to the Palestinian News &
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Older adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) following a fall are at high risk for recurrent falls, injuries and increased healthcare utilisation. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of interventions initiated upon ED presentation in r
Open articleEmergency Medicine
While real-time feedback devices are proven to improve skill mastery in CPR training, current options are often suboptimal due to high costs, skin irritation, and single-functionality constraints. To overcome these limitations, we engineered a novel wearable feedback device, the
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Emergency front-of-neck access may serve as a life-saving intervention when facing patients with difficult airways. Cricothyrotomy consists of needle and surgical techniques and is performed in approximately 0.2-0.5% of all airway management attempts. Our primary aim in this stud
Open articleEmergency Medicine
During endotracheal intubation, equipment setup typically includes the patient monitor fixed at the head of the bed behind the back of the operator. Inability to directly visualize the patient monitor may result in delayed recognition of desaturation. Our primary aim in this stud
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Hypoventilation and hypercapnia are the primary physiological indicators of opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), while hypoxia is typically a later manifestation. However, use of pulse oximetry to measure oxygen saturation (SpO2) level remains the most widely available a
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Hypertensive emergencies require prompt blood pressure reduction to prevent acute target-organ damage. Clevidipine and nicardipine are commonly used intravenous dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, but their comparative efficacy and safety remain uncertain. We performed a sy
Open articleEmergency Medicine
BACKGROUND: In intensive care settings, doctors face low-frequency and high-stakes events such as tracheostomy-related emergencies. Junior doctors must learn to manage these situations to ensure patient safety, yet they often lack clinical exposure to such critical events. Clinic
Open articleEmergency Medicine
In response to the frequent occurrence of public health emergencies in universities and the inadequacies in prevention and control systems, this study aims to establish a scientific and effective early warning mechanism and emergency management system to enhance universities'
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Background We aimed to evaluate the effects of yoga and guided meditation on stress, anxiety, and well-being in emergency medicine residents. Methods We randomly assigned 81 participants to yoga, guided meditation, or control using a single-level block randomization design. The y
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Ergonomic conditions during ultrasound procedures may influence both acquisition time and image quality. In transcranial Doppler, positioning at the patient's head could improve operator comfort and performance. This study aimed to evaluate whether a standardized seated posi
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Clinician misidentification is a significant issue in the Emergency Department (ED), and improving patients' understanding of care team roles is critical for clear communication and effective patient care. We aimed to measure clinician role misidentification rates in the ED
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Medical emergencies during dental procedures are not uncommon. Given the high-risk nature of dentistry and the necessity for immediate patient management, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a targeted educational intervention by expanding assessment parameters for
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Low-cost methods that improve physician adherence to clinical guidelines are lacking. Trauma triage exemplifies time-sensitive conditions where guideline adherence remains at 50% or less despite stakeholder efforts, particularly when treating older adults. To determine whether a
Open articleEmergency Medicine
BACKGROUND: Trauma-informed care (TIC) is increasingly recognized as an essential component of emergency medicine. Emergency departments frequently care for individuals with a history of trauma, and standard emergency care may inadvertently trigger distress or re-traumatization.
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Diagnostic errors are a major care health concern but remain difficult to study because their identification often requires resource-intensive chart reviews. We aimed to validate a previously proposed automated method for detecting discrepancies between an initial and a later, mo
Open articleEmergency Medicine
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VR-based training compared to traditional lecture-based training for medical trainees in managing MCIs, specifically focusing on road traffic accidents. The primary assessment was performed using an Objective Structured
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Video laryngoscopy is increasingly used in routine tracheal intubation in the operating room, but evidence regarding its clinical outcomes remains inconclusive. In particular, the role of hyperangulated video laryngoscopes as first-choice devices has not been studied sufficiently
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is used to assess asthma severity, and guidelines recommend serial PEFR measurements to guide management. However, the evidence behind this practice is limited. To compare outcomes between PEFR-guided and non-PEFR-guided emergency department (ED)
Open articleEmergency Medicine
This study aimed to construct and implement an in situ simulated emergency training (SET) course for nurses with low seniority and evaluate its effectiveness. This was an experimental study, and a purpose-sampling method was adopted. We selected 82 nurses with less than 5 years o
Open articleEmergency Medicine
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved another over-the-counter intranasal naloxone product, marketed as Rextovy, for the emergency treatment of opioid overdose.
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Emergency nurses are responsible for providing and documenting immediate patient care. Documentation is a fundamental component of their professional practice; however, evidence indicates that documentation standards are often not adequately met. Therefore, innovative training ap
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Perioperative anaphylaxis is a rare but complex clinical crisis, with outcomes heavily dependent on prompt and effective management by anaesthesiologists. However, evidence supporting the efficacy of scenario-based simulation (SBS) training in perioperative anaphylaxis management
Open articleEmergency Medicine
AbstractTimeliness of drug overdose response efforts may be improved when bystanders are present to provide life-saving care. From January 2022 through December 2024, a total of 191,577 unintentional or undetermined intent overdose deaths occurred in 46 U.S. states and Washington
Open articleEmergency Medicine
Introduction Blunt chest trauma is frequently associated with rib fractures, and inadequate pain control may lead to respiratory complications and prolonged ventilatory support. In spontaneously breathing patients, pain impairs coughing and secretion clearance, promoting atelecta
Open articleEndocrinology
Chronic hyponatremia is associated with cognitive deficits, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. A cerebral growth factor which is crucial for cognition and memory is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but its role in hyponatremia has never been investigated. We h
Open articleEndocrinology
This study aims to systematically evaluate the impact of exercise interventions on reproductive endocrine profiles in adult patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using a three-level meta-analytical approach. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, The
Open articleEndocrinology
Therapeutic orthoses, such as medical shoes and custom insoles, are used to prevent diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) recurrence. This systematic review with narrative synthesis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of orthoses in preventing DFU recurrence compared to standard care. We fol
Open articleEndocrinology
Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is indicated when non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) cause visual compromise, but its timing is less certain in patients with preserved vision and intact pituitary function, where the risk of new post-operative pituitary dysfunction infl
Open articleEndocrinology
Although South Asia exhibits a considerable burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the numbers of undiagnosed T2DM remains inadequately characterized at the regional level. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to approximate the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM
Open articleEndocrinology
Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) is frequently used as an adjunctive therapy to metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the certainty and consistency of the supporting clinical evidence remain unclear. We searched CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and th
Open articleEndocrinology
Ayoub Boulares and Nicola Luigi Bragazzi raise four important methodological considerations regarding the association between adult obesity and severe infection risk reported in our study.1 Given the potential public health implications of our findings, we welcome the opportunity
Open articleEndocrinology
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the effect of oral magnesium (Mg) supplementation on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and metabolic biomarkers in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel
Open articleEndocrinology
Overweight and obesity are characterized by detrimental effects on energy metabolism and an increase in adipose tissue, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation. This metaflammation may contribute to mental symptoms, such as reduced mood and motivation. Inflammatory processes ar
Open articleEndocrinology
Desmopressin is first-line therapy for central diabetes insipidus, also known as arginine vasopressin deficiency, but presents dosing challenges due to its narrow therapeutic index. This open-label, randomized, three-way crossover study evaluated the bioequivalence of a new desmo
Open articleEndocrinology
Endocrine conditions such as thyroid disorders can significantly impact maternal and child health. Key determinants such as environmental setting and presence of iodine can influence the incidence of thyroid disorders. Individuals living in coastal regions are exposed to iodine r
Open articleEndocrinology
One of the key regulatory mechanisms in adipose biology is the NAD+/SIRT axis, which is disrupted in conditions such as obesity and insulin resistance. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the role of NAD+ in adipose biology, including thro
Open articleEndocrinology
Comparison of percentage total body weight loss (%TWL) between metabolic bariatric surgery and incretin-based pharmacotherapy in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Forest plot showing pooled mean difference in percentage total body weight loss (%TWL) between treatment groups.
Open articleEndocrinology
Problem-solving is essential for the self-management of type 2 diabetes but remains challenging for underserved individuals. Although mobile health (mHealth) interventions can improve diabetes self-management, few focus on problem-solving. This study evaluates the efficacy of Mob
Open articleEndocrinology
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with chronically increased inflammation related to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Meal macronutrient consumption and physical activity generate acute effects on circulating inflammatory markers in the general populati
Open articleEndocrinology
To compare the efficacy of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) versus insulin glargine, both combined with insulin aspart, for short-term intensive glycemic control in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this randomized study, severely hyperg
Open articleEndocrinology
Unannounced meals pose a major challenge to type 1 diabetes patients. This study compared the performance of two automated insulin delivery (AID) algorithms, the Medtronic MiniMed 780G's proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and the Tandem t: slim X2's model predictive
Open articleEndocrinology
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin and sulfonylurea, evidence directly comparing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as add-on therapy is limited; therefore, we compared dulag
Open articleEndocrinology
This randomised crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05768958) examined how high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) vs. rest and time of day affect ad libitum energy intake, subjective appetite, and metabolic markers, and whether responses differ by type 2 diabetes (T2D) statu
Open articleEndocrinology
Despite the growing amount of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in low- and middle-income countries like China, their glucose control was suboptimal, likely due to poor adherence to healthy lifestyles and preventive medications. Mobile health tools fac
Open articleEndocrinology
The aim of this study was to develop a mobile application for patients with Type 2 diabetes initiating insulin therapy for the first time and to evaluate its effects on insulin knowledge, insulin injection skills, self-management of insulin therapy and attitudes towards insulin u
Open articleEndocrinology
Regular exercise is known to improve glycemic control and health outcomes in Type 2 diabetes, but many patients struggle to achieve recommended activity levels. Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)-based education may help bridge this gap by improving exercise adherence and related
Open articleEndocrinology
To investigate the effects of konjac glucomannan (KGM) on glycemic indicators and insulin resistance in obese individuals with prediabetes. A total of 102 obese individuals diagnosed with prediabetes at the outpatient department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between
Open articleEndocrinology
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an Educational App for Complementary Therapy in Diabetes Management in improving health literacy, quality of life, and diabetes empowerment through complementary therapy. An assessor- and investigator-blinded randomized controlled trial w
Open articleEndocrinology
Adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) face elevated cardiovascular risk, and regular exercise is a key non-pharmacological mitigation strategy. However, safe prescription requires cardiovascular and glycemic monitoring, often unfeasible in real-world gyms. Low-cost psychoph
Open articleEndocrinology
Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) is an advancement in diabetes management, offering real-time insights into blood glucose levels and facilitating decision-making around diabetes care. However, its adoption in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains low. This study exp
Open articleEndocrinology
Salivary gland dysfunction is a recognized complication of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Oral sialagogues are commonly recommended, but their optimal timing remains uncertain. This systematic review compares early ( 24 h) sialagogue initiatio
Open articleEndocrinology
To assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on thyroid function and autoimmunity in hypothyroid females of child-bearing age. The systematic review was conducted from October 2024 to May 2025, and comprised search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and the Internat
Open articleEndocrinology
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that COVID-19 can induce or exacerbate autoimmune disorders, including immune-mediated thyroid dysfunction. The most common autoimmune thyroid diseases are Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis; the mechanisms by which vira
Open articleEndocrinology
Excess iodine from iodinated contrast media (ICM) can lead to thyroid dysfunction. Children, especially neonates and premature infants, may be more vulnerable due to their immature thyroid physiology. A systematic review was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, Web
Open articleEndocrinology
Several ultrasound risk stratification systems have been developed mainly with the aim of identifying benign lesions and thereby avoiding unnecessary fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. This randomized controlled trial assessed whether the use of an ultrasound risk stratificat
Open articleEndocrinology
Thyroid nodules are common, but most are benign and do not require treatment. However, intervention is warranted in people who experience compressive symptoms or hyperthyroidism, or based on risk of malignancy. Ablative technologies may offer a minimally invasive option for those
Open articleEndocrinology
Thyroid cystic-solid nodules are common thyroid disorders. Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) is widely used to treat benign nodules; however, its efficacy remains limited for larger nodules when used alone. While lauromacrogol ablation (LIA) can effectively address cysti
Open articleEndocrinology
The standard of care for hypothyroidism treatment worldwide is daily oral levothyroxine (LT4) sodium. Limitations associated with daily oral administration highlight the need for alternative formulations to address challenges in maintaining euthyroidism. XP-8121 (LT4 sodium for s
Open articleEndocrinology
DICER1 is a key RNase III endoribonuclease involved in microRNA biogenesis and is implicated in both constitutional DICER1-related tumor predisposition and sporadic thyroid tumorigenesis. In thyroid pathology, DICER1 alterations have been reported across a broad spectrum of lesio
Open articleEndocrinology
To evaluate the feasibility of a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with capsules containing green coffee extract enriched with magnesium di-malate in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including overall adherence to capsule use and tolerability,
Open articleEndocrinology
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have revolutionized weight management and are becoming essential for the treatment of obesity-related medical conditions. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics, preliminary pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability o
Open articleEndocrinology
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires sustained self-management and lifestyle modification to achieve optimal glycemic control. Hybrid care models that combine digital health technologies with in-person clinical support may enhance patient engagement while improving the access
Open articleEndocrinology
To evaluate the hypothesis that breakthrough acromegaly symptom exacerbation frequency would be reduced after switching biochemically controlled patients from depot somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) injections to once-daily oral paltusotine. Biochemical disease control (insulin-
Open articleEndocrinology
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) patients frequently present with coexisting autoimmune diseases (ADs), adding complexity to management and outcomes. Although this field has been extensively explored, there is a paucity of bibliometric analyses capable of clarifying worldwide researc
Open articleEndocrinology
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Combined with Methimazole (MMI) versus MMI Alone for Thyroid Function and Autoantibodies in Graves' Disease(GD). A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang d
Open articleEndocrinology
Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is often administered post-total thyroidectomy in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma, despite guidelines advising against its routine application. Evidence regarding the efficacy of RAI in reducing recurrence and improving sur
Open articleEndocrinology
Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation (U-GTA) techniques, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA), have recently been proposed as minimally invasive alternatives to surgery or radioiodine (RAI) therapy for patients with Graves' disease (GD) who are
Open articleEndocrinology
Previous studies, largely based on case-control samples, have suggested that hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid autoimmunity may be associated with an increased risk of anxiety. However, whether a true association exists remains unclear, as population-based studies, whi
Open articleEndocrinology
This Viewpoint discusses the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS) extension of the Medicare Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Bridge and outlines unanswered questions related to how the bridge will affect Medicare.
Open articleEndocrinology
Living alone is an easily ascertained household characteristic that may shape diabetes self-management. Its relation to long-term cardiometabolic stability and medication-management patterns remains unclear. We conducted a secondary analysis of the ACCORD trial. After excluding t
Open articleEndocrinology
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects 5%-10% of women of reproductive age. Supplements with potential anti-inflammatory properties, such as Nigella sativa oil, have been proposed as adjunctive therapies that may improve select
Open articleEndocrinology
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) negatively impacts women's metabolic health, reproductive hormones, and psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), such as yoga and mindfulness medita
Open articleEndocrinology
BackgroundHIV-associated lipodystrophy, a complication of combined antiretroviral therapy (CART), causes significant physical and psychological distress in people living with HIV (PLWH), compromising treatment adherence. Tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) anal
Open articleEndocrinology
Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by excess adiposity and persistent low-grade systemic inflammation, contributing substantially to cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Semaglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved for ch
Open articleEndocrinology
Current guidelines recognize daily recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) as standard care and long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) as an alternative for paediatric growth hormone deficiency (CHD). In this network meta-analysis (NMA), we updated the evidence to evaluate comparative
Open articleEndocrinology
Background Self-management behaviours are crucial for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but adherence is often poor. Most studies treat diabetes self-management (DSM) behaviours as a single construct, ignoring variations in behavioural patterns and their metabo
Open articleGastroenterology
To explore the safety and efficacy of the novel G protein-biased μ-opioid receptor agonist oliceridine for painless gastroscopy. This study is a single-center randomized controlled clinical trial. One hundred and eighty-eight patients scheduled for painless gastroscopy were rando
Open articleGastroenterology
Liver disease is increasingly prevalent in the general population, with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) being especially common.1,2 Nevertheless, only about 3% of patients with MASLD have progression to majo
Open articleGastroenterology
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) commonly coexists with poor muscle health, which encompasses three interconnected domains: muscle mass, muscle function, and muscle quality.1 We refer to this phenotype of impaired muscle health as metabolic syndrom
Open articleGastroenterology
Gender is a crucial determinant in the navigation of a multi-tiered health-care system. Medical misogyny and medical misogynoir, as applied to women of colour, encompass systemic biases, discrimination, and neglect of women's health, and are rooted in historical and patriarc
Open articleGastroenterology
We read the recent analysis of the spectrum of steatotic liver disease in the USA by Zobair Younossi and colleagues1 with great interest. The study addresses an important question about the impact of alcohol under-reporting; however, we believe that the central premise—correction
Open articleGastroenterology
I commend Zobair M Younossi and colleagues1 on their excellent study providing evidence for type 2 diabetes and binge drinking being leading mortality risk factors in steatotic liver disease. When interpreting premature death rates in patients with steatotic liver disease, howeve
Open articleGastroenterology
We thank Kartik Jaidka and colleagues and Hans Scherübl for their thoughtful comments on our recent Article.1
Open articleGastroenterology
Celsa C, Pennisi G, Tulone A, et al. Risk of hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroen
Open articleGastroenterology
Quraishi MN, Al-Bawardy B, Banerjee R, et al. Breaking the cycle: from documenting data scarcity to enabling global IBD research. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2026; 11: 546–49—In this Comment, the corresponding author should have been Mohammed Nabil Quraishi. This correction has
Open articleGastroenterology
24 weeks of treatment with the antisense oligonucleotide bepirovirsen, which targets all hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts, resulted in significantly more patients with chronic HBV infection achieving functional cure (defined as an HBV DNA level below the lower limit of quantif
Open articleGastroenterology
HLA-DRB1*01:03 emerges as a genetic determinant of severe disease in both patients with Crohn's disease and patients with ulcerative colitis. Although further validation is needed, assessing HLA-DRB1*01:03 carriage might help identify patients who could benefit from more int
Open articleGastroenterology
The improvement of histological outcomes of eosinophilic gastritis with dupilumab in this proof-of-concept study shows type 2 inflammatory involvement in the disease and the potential value of dupilumab for the treatment of eosinophilic gastritis.
Open articleGastroenterology
Our findings suggest that repeated LSM screening in community-dwelling European populations is feasible. During long-term follow-up, there was a low incidence of clinically significant LSM increase, suggesting that screening should be targeted towards individuals at high risk, su
Open articleGastroenterology
Despite an expanding therapeutic armamentarium, remission rates in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) appear to plateau at 30–50% after 1 year of treatment, leading to the concept of a therapeutic ceiling with single agents. This Viewpoint challenges the notion that this ceiling re
Open articleGastroenterology
Post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance is widely implemented to reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, yet increasing evidence raises concerns about whether current strategies are optimally balanced in terms of benefit, burden, and resource use. At least some indivi
Open articleGastroenterology
The Colonoscopy Outreach for Rural Communities (CORC) study is a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a remotely-delivered patient navigation program to increase colonoscopy completion for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among rural and underserved patients.
Open articleGastroenterology
Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion. Although a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only effective treatment, patients may still experience inflammation, nutritional imbalances, and reduced quality of life. Physical activity (PA)
Open articleGastroenterology
Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of Wuling capsules combined with nucleos(t)ide analogues in the treatment of low-level viremia in chronic hepatitis B. Methods: A randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted. One hundred p
Open articleGastroenterology
Having both chronic hepatitis B and hepatic steatosis increases the risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate if high-intensity interval training could decrease the liver fat-fraction and improve liver status, body composition, lipid- and glucose meta
Open articleGastroenterology
Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, the standard Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication regimen, is limited by adverse events and rising resistance. Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy offers simplicity but has mostly been tested using high-dose amoxicillin. Data on doxycy
Open articleGastroenterology
Helicobacter pylori infection poses a significant global health burden, with rising antibiotic resistance and treatment-related side effects highlighting the need for adjunctive therapies. Propolis, a natural resin with known antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, suffer
Open articleGastroenterology
Helicobacter pylori infection affects nearly half of the global population and is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Increasing antibiotic resistance, particularly to clarithromycin, has reduced the efficacy of standard triple therapy, necessitating evaluat
Open articleGastroenterology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), including Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn&s Disease, are chronic and recurrent conditions that severely impact patients' quality of life and increase the risk of complications. Providing accurate and evidence-based health information is a
Open articleGastroenterology
Crohn's disease (CD) is a heterogeneous, progressive inflammatory bowel disease in which substantial placebo effects often confound assessment of therapeutic efficacy. A placebo-based disease model was developed using Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD)
Open articleGastroenterology
People living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently experience abdominal pain, fatigue and faecal incontinence that persist despite optimal medical treatment. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of IBD-BOOST, a digital, interactive, facilitator-supported
Open articleGastroenterology
Background: The overall objective of this pilot diet intervention study was to determine the effect of grape powder (GP) supplementation on gut microbiota composition and inflammatory markers in individuals with Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: Adult CD participants were recru
Open articleGastroenterology
Evaluation of microscopic inflammation is an emerging therapeutic target of Crohn's disease. The completed VIVID-1 trial evaluated histologic and combined histologic-endoscopic outcomes for mirikizumab relative to placebo and ustekinumab in moderately-to-severely active Croh
Open articleGastroenterology
A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a facilitator-supported digital programme (IBD-BOOST) for symptom management in Inflammatory Bowel Disease found no difference in disease-specific quality of life and symptom relief compared with controls. Process evaluation is necessary to
Open articleGastroenterology
Evaluation of cleanliness in capsule endoscopy is essential to validate the exam. However, reliable evaluation of bowel cleanliness remains challenging. The validated KODA score provides robust assessment but is time-consuming and impractical in routine practice. We aimed to eval
Open articleGastroenterology
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and impairs quality of life. Hepcidin, the regulator of systemic iron homeostasis, may predict response to iron therapy; however, its utility in IBD remains unclear. This study evaluated whether baseline
Open articleGastroenterology
Xanthohumol (XN), a dietary flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), possesses anti-inflammatory and microbiome-modulatory properties with potential therapeutic benefits for Crohn's disease (CD). To investigate the effects of XN on the gut environment in CD, we conducted a ran
Open articleGastroenterology
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) delivers 100% oxygen in a pressurized chamber and enhances tissue oxygenation and neovascularization. While effective in radiation proctitis, acute severe ulcerative colitis, and perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease, its role in refractory ul
Open articleGastroenterology
A novel tacrolimus lipid suspension (TLS) enema was developed for the management of mild-to-moderate mesalamine-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus lipid suspension enema 2 mg (TLS-2) and 4 mg (TLS-4) in
Open articleGastroenterology
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial disease characterized by aberrant mucosal immune activation in response to intestinal dysbiosis. Contemporary management strategies aim to target inflammation and microbiome alterations while reducing relapse risk. A multidi
Open articleGastroenterology
Mirikizumab, a p19-directed anti-interleukin-23 antibody, demonstrated efficacy in patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis in the global phase 3 LUCENT-1 induction (NCT03518086) and LUCENT-2 maintenance (NCT03524092) trials. The aim was to conduct a pre-spe
Open articleGastroenterology
Augmented mucosal expression of the transcription factor GATA3 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of SB012, an enema formulation of the DNAzyme hgd40 that specifically inactivates GATA3 messenger RNA, for
Open articleGastroenterology
LUCENT-URGE (NCT05767021) was a Phase 3b, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study investigating bowel urgency (BU) in patients with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) and BU at baseline, treated with mirikizumab. Patients without prior mirikizumab exposure re
Open articleGastroenterology
Mirikizumab demonstrated efficacy in moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis, including in patients with prior advanced therapy failure (PATF) (Phase 3: LUCENT-1 [NCT03518086], LUCENT-2 [NCT03524092]). This post hoc analysis evaluates mirikizumab efficacy by number/mecha
Open articleGastroenterology
A marked decrease in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a hallmark of Crohn's disease (CD)-associated dysbiosis and predicts disease relapse. Here, we present the development and first-in-human evaluation of F. prausnitzii strain EXL01 for CD treatment. The EXL01-strain demonst
Open articleGastroenterology
LIBERTY-CD and LIBERTY-UC demonstrated superior efficacy of subcutaneous infliximab (IFX SC) to placebo in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we investigated the impact of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) on clinical outcomes. Patients randomized
Open articleGastroenterology
BACKGROUND: Dye-based chromoendoscopy is recommended for dysplasia surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but virtual chromoendoscopy systems are increasingly used as practical alternatives. Prospective data directly comparing these techniques on a single imaging platf
Open articleGastroenterology
The LIBERTY-CD study demonstrated superior efficacy of subcutaneous infliximab-dyyb over placebo for maintenance therapy in patients with Crohn's disease. This post hoc analysis characterised subgroups of patients with different response levels to subcutaneous infliximab. Gr
Open articleGastroenterology
With increasing antibiotic resistance, treatment of H. pylori infection has gradually become a challenge for clinicians. To compare the efficacy and safety of dual therapy plus bismuth (DTB) with quadruple therapy with bismuth (DBT) for the treatment of H. pylori in patients with
Open articleGastroenterology
Short-term travel, particularly to new environments, can disrupt gut microbiota homeostasis and induce a range of physical and psychological symptoms. While probiotics are proposed to mitigate these effects, evidence from well-controlled trials during domestic travel, especially
Open articleGastroenterology
Respiratory management remains a major challenge during painless endoscopy in overweight or obese patients because of altered body fat distribution and reduced pulmonary reserve. This study evaluated whether ciprofol could reduce respiratory adverse events compared with propofol
Open articleGastroenterology
Objective: To evaluate the effects of a structured language intervention based on predictive coding theory (PCT) on the examination experience and completion status of patients undergoing conventional gastroscopy. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. The adult pa
Open articleGastroenterology
Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of a low-FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet on symptom severity, quality of life, and fecal zonulin levels in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: Twenty-four pat
Open articleGastroenterology
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms are common in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in sustained clinical and endoscopic remission and are associated with impaired quality of life. Evidence for targeted treatments in this setting remains limited. Objectiv
Open articleGastroenterology
Keverprazan offers a new perspective for Helicobacter pylori eradication. This study compared 14-day keverprazan-amoxicillin therapy with esomeprazole-amoxicillin therapy to explore a superior treatment strategy. This was a prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized control
Open articleGastroenterology
The Review titled “Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Adults: A Review,” published on January 13, 2026, was corrected to update the funding/support section. The middle of the section has “PNRR (MAD-2022-12375656 project)” that should be “European Union (N
Open articleGastroenterology
This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), food effect, and pharmacodynamics (PD) of AJM347, a novel orally active, selective α4β7 integrin antagonist, in healthy Caucasian and Japanese adult males. The study consisted of three parts. In the single-asc
Open articleGastroenterology
There is a critical need for acceptable, scalable, and mechanistically targeted behavioral health interventions for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), known as brain-gut behavior therapies (BGBTs). Although positive psychology (PP) interventions, which focus on the cultivation of po
Open articleGastroenterology
This post hoc analysis evaluated the corticosteroid-sparing effects of risankizumab (RZB) versus ustekinumab (UST) in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) with prior inadequate response or intolerance to ≥ 1 anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. SEQUENCE
Open articleGastroenterology
Study of TOfacitinib for the treatment of chronic PouchITis (STOPit) is a national, investigator-led, multicentre, open-label induction with randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled maintenance trial to determine the effectiveness of tofacitinib to induce and maintain clinica
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Examine how sponsorship disclosures and nicotine warning labels (NWLs) affect responses to proe-cigarette Instagram posts among Mexican young adults. In a 2 x 2 online experiment, Mexicans aged 18-24 (N= 699; 53% users and 47% nonusers of cigarettes or e-cigarettes who were susce
Open articleGeneral Medicine
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Compound Ciwujia Granules in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome with syndrome of deficiency of both heart and spleen. It adopted a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized controlled trial design and
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Patient safety events are among the top ten causes of death and disability worldwide, with most considered preventable, particularly in primary care. Digital interventions are increasingly used in primary care to improve patient safety, targeting errors and preventing adverse eve
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Healthcare systems worldwide face mounting pressure to deliver high-quality care while enhancing efficiency and sustainability. Nurse-led interventions have emerged as promising strategies to optimize care delivery, particularly within value-based health systems. However, a compr
Open articleGeneral Medicine
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) for detecting bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), using urodynamic studies as the reference standard. A sy
Open articleGeneral Medicine
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 423-425, July 30, 2026.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 421-423, July 30, 2026.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 419-421, July 30, 2026.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 417-419, July 30, 2026.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Against a backdrop of insufficient access to hospice care in the UK, these photographs are both document and intervention. Moving my lens from birth—a previous photography project focused on maternity care—to death, this work presents hospice care as intimate, humane, and sociall
Open articleGeneral Medicine
During clinical work and research, we ask about the intricacies of the lives of others, narratives which they have often not shared with friends, colleagues, and neighbours. We ask not out of curiosity but to work towards tangible benefits, whether for the patient directly or for
Open articleGeneral Medicine
We commend the Lancet Editorial1 for highlighting the transformative potential of the UK Tobacco and Vapes Bill, which marks a historic moment in tobacco control. By introducing a generational prohibition on tobacco sales to individuals born after 2008, the UK has moved beyond in
Open articleGeneral Medicine
We thank Albert Batalla and colleagues and Jing Yuan and colleagues for their comments on our Article.1 As noted, clinical trial data are limited in the generalisability of findings, because the administration of medicinal cannabis in controlled laboratory settings differs to how
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Background/Objectives: Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a prevalent inflammatory condition with substantial morbidity and variable response to standard therapies. Diet is a modifiable determinant of systemic inflammation, yet its role in sinonasal disease remains incompletely defined. Meth
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Age-related loss of muscle strength is closely associated with frailty, reduced mobility, and loss of independence. In this study, we investigated the clinical and metabolomic features of deer antler extract fermented with Latilactobacillus curvatus HY7602. A 12-week randomized,
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Purpose Feedback literacy is a pivotal concept in education. Students with well-developed feedback literacy are able to understand, interpret, and implement feedback effectively to improve learning and performance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a f
Open articleGeneral Medicine
The emotional modulation of pain can be achieved through interventions in the form of music, which may therefore be valuable in regulating emotions and perceived pain during physical activity. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of music feedback during physical ex
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Poor sleep quality is common among university students and is associated with adverse academic, psychological, and cardiometabolic outcomes. Exercise may provide a scalable, low-cost, non-pharmacological approach to improving sleep. Although previous reviews have examined physica
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Teamwork has been recognized as a potentially important organizational factor associated with nurse- and patient-related outcomes. Previous studies have been conducted to examine the association between nurses' perceptions of teamwork and various outcomes in hospital setting
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Community participation in collective management of environmental and natural resources is increasingly of interest among the sustainable development circles and scholarly discourse. There is theoretical consensus that sustainable management of natural resources is highly reliant
Open articleGeneral Medicine
AI adoption in health care has accelerated rapidly, with ambient documentation tools, diagnostic imaging AI, and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) entering routine practice. However, the cognitive demands placed on clinicians supervising these systems remain understudied.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of different non-pharmacological multicomponent interventions in community-dwelling older adults with frailty or prefrailty and to determine the most effective non-pharmacological multicomponent interventions. Frailty or prefr
Open articleGeneral Medicine
To explore refill adherence to prescribed treatment for chronic heart failure (CHF) and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), during and after a remote person-centred care (PCC) intervention. Post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial cohort. We used data from
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Dichotomized reporting of diagnostic test results may oversimplify test characteristics. Interval likelihood ratios (ILRs), test characteristics across a range of values, offer a nuanced alternative, but their impact on decision-making is uncertain. We assessed whether ILRs impro
Open articleGeneral Medicine
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a test toothpaste containing 0.454% stannous fluoride stabilized with zinc phosphate as compared to a control fluoride toothpaste containing 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate on oral malodor reduction via organoleptic scores after 3 weeks of tw
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Inter-set blood-flow restriction (BFR) may increase the physiological stimulus of repeated-sprint exercise without compromising mechanical output, but evidence in trained athletes is limited. In a randomized crossover design, 26 national-level male badminton players completed thr
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Hong Kong is experiencing rapid population aging, with the population of older adults expected to reach 36.0% by 2046. The rise in life expectancy is often accompanied by increased chronic diseases and mental health challenges. The healthcare system remains heavily focused on ter
Open articleGeneral Medicine
This review examined the impact of learner role-active participant versus observer-on learning outcomes in healthcare simulation-based education using Kirkpatrick's evaluation model. Five databases-PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost-were searched fo
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Dental anxiety affects roughly 15% of the general population, yet the relative contribution of procedure type, patient age, and distraction interventions to objective autonomic arousal during dental treatment remains poorly characterised. This study investigated the effects of th
Open articleGeneral Medicine
JAMA
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Listen to the JAMA Editor’s Summary for an overview and discussion of the important articles appearing in JAMA.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Dietary supplement use in the US increased from 1999 to 2023, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Global heat stress, the leading cause of weather-related mortality, has increased since the 1970s, a new study found.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Deescalation, discontinuation, and deimplementation trials have emerged in multiple health care contexts in which interventions are suspected of being inappropriately used, applied beyond their evidence base, or continued after they cease to offer meaningful benefit. These studie
Open articleGeneral Medicine
JAMA+ AI Editor in Chief Roy Perlis, MD, MSc, and JAMA+ AI Associate Editor Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH, spoke about the values that shape AI systems and how these values may determine AI’s role in health care and public life for JAMA+ AI Conversations.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
This survey study examines health information–related engagement with social media among US adults with and without chronic conditions and by various sociodemographic characteristics.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
The obligation of the physician to aid in the medical and health education of the public is being more and more completely realized. Health talks and addresses constitute an effective means of disseminating useful information, provided they are properly prepared and effectively d
Open articleGeneral Medicine
So much depends Upon the way the window Shafts light differently in the waiting Room. In school, epic meant Homer, here it’s a medical Record system. If the light is filtered just right, It looks like home. Books stack by genre then topic then author back home, And my ceiling is
Open articleGeneral Medicine
What makes the sestina such an entrancing poetic form is not just its 6-lined stanzas’ compulsively repeated endings, but also the variation of the repetitions’ order, which evokes the very human impulse to keep returning to the same task in an effort to get it right. Perhaps thi
Open articleGeneral Medicine
The aim of this study was to compare standardized patient-based training with traditional didactic and manikin-based instruction in developing clinical diagnostic competence among mid-level medical students, and to assess whether baseline academic performance influenced this effe
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Generative AI chat systems are increasingly used for everyday information seeking, but plausible errors and omissions can mislead users when outputs are accepted without scrutiny. Interface-level safety cues may help users calibrate trust and engage in verification; yet, evidence
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Patients frequently forgo filling prescriptions due to high out-of-pocket costs. Real-time prescription benefit (RTPB) tools that recommend available lower-cost, clinically equivalent medications to prescribing clinicians may increase the likelihood that patients fill their presc
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are key to standardised, evidence-based and equitable healthcare, and the inclusion of sex and gender considerations in CPGs is increasingly recognised as essential for quality care and health equity. This umbrella review synthesised evidence f
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Digital health technologies (DHTs) have the potential to improve care delivery and outcomes for patients with noncommunicable diseases. Yet their implementation in rural settings remains uneven, and the factors influencing uptake are not well understood. This mixed methods system
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Exergames, which combine physical exercise with interactive gameplay, are increasingly being incorporated into fall prevention programs for older adults. Gamified elements, such as real-time feedback and progress tracking, may enhance motivation, engagement, and adherence. Althou
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3/4 have spurred the development of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots and advisory tools in medicine. These systems are posited to assist or augment physician-patient communication, potentially improving empathy, cla
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Logistic Regression.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Objectives Uncertainty is inherent within medicine. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) teaching within medical curricula seeks to prepare doctors to make clinical decisions within conditions of uncertainty. The goals and scope of training for medical students and doctors are defined b
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Objectives To investigate the impact of government health expenditure on health outcomes in China, including its direct effects, underlying pathways and how these effects vary under different conditions of expenditure scale, health resource availability and economic development.
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Objectives To explore organisational opportunities for person-centred care in residential aged care facilities from the perspectives of managers and staff. Design A qualitative study using focus group discussions and inductive thematic analysis followed by a deductive interpretat
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Introduction Advanced practice nurses play a vital role in addressing the growing complexity of healthcare. Although well-established internationally, advanced practice nursing in Austria remains in its early stages. The University Hospital Salzburg introduced its first advanced
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Introduction Physical inactivity is highly prevalent in older adults living in deprived communities, with many living with long-term health conditions. Community-based and tailored physical activity behaviour change programmes are needed to support increased physical activity in
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Introduction Continuity of care with a family physician (FP) is a core attribute of effective primary care and is associated with improved health outcomes, reduced service use and lower healthcare costs. In Canada, an ageing FP workforce has led to an increasing number of patient
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Introduction Despite increased awareness of its multi-dimensional nature, pain remains often underestimated, and its management across different therapeutic areas remains complex. A patient-centred approach is needed to bridge the gap between clinical assessment and individual ex
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Introduction People living with rare diseases in Africa face substantial barriers to accessing healthcare services, including delayed diagnoses, limited treatment options and fragmented care systems. The main objective of the scoping review is to explore and map existing interven
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Background Osteopathic education is typically delivered through accredited higher education institutions with curricula not only varying widely but also inconsistently aligned with contemporary evidence. This lack of standardisation creates challenges in accreditation, workforce
Open articleGeneral Medicine
Objectives To explore barriers and facilitators to implementing the ROWTATE vocational rehabilitation intervention and identify lessons for future service delivery. Design Qualitative interview implementation study embedded within the development and evaluation of a complex healt
Open articleHematology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 440-453, July 30, 2026.
Open articleHematology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 478-491, July 30, 2026.
Open articleHematology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 506-507, July 30, 2026.
Open articleHematology
Improving outcomes for people with rare diseases is a major challenge, but it is possible. Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of rare disorders in which amyloid (misfolded protein deposits) accumulates in the tissues, causing progressive organ failure. Until recently, it was a
Open articleHematology
The treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has undergone a revolution in the past decade. Highly effective targeted therapies have shifted the treatment paradigm from continuous disease control towards fixed-duration combination approaches capable of inducing deep a
Open articleHematology
In patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, PVR showed significant improvement in progression-free survival compared with VR, with consistent results in patients who had previously received covalent BTK inhibitors and no new safety signals. To our knowledge
Open articleHematology
Once rapidly fatal, neglected, and orphan diseases without approved therapeutic options, systemic amyloidoses are now highly treatable. Basic scientific discoveries regarding the molecular mechanisms of transthyretin misfolding and aggregation have driven the development of drugs
Open articleHematology
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies are typically administered at high doses to maximize durable clinical responses. However, manufacturing constraints can limit the production of sufficient cells to achieve the intended dose. Although some patients experience durabl
Open articleHematology
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after haploidentical haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor with established activity in steroid-refractory GVHD, has shown promise fo
Open articleHematology
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on hemoglobin levels and anemia in the pediatric population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched up to Augu
Open articleHematology
Exogenous ketosis may stimulate erythropoietin (EPO), yet its impact on erythropoiesis, iron metabolism, and potential sex-specific responses in humans remains unknown. We investigated these effects in healthy adults using oral β-hydroxybutyrate ketone monoester (KE) to induce in
Open articleHematology
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is an established treatment for several hematological malignancies, with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) serving as the starting material for manufacturing. Cryopreservation of PBMCs may offer logistical flexibility, alt
Open articleHematology
The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of comorbidities among patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by pooling results from 28 studies and 71,400 patients. In conducting this research, the authors observed that individuals wi
Open articleHematology
To investigate the efficacy and safety of MTBF as conditioning regimen for salvage allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML). We conducted a single-arm prospective clinical trial (NCT063
Open articleHematology
Orelabrutinib is a potent, irreversible, and highly-selective BTK inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). This randomized, phase 3 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT045786
Open articleHematology
Naturally occurring tumor-specific T cells derived from peripheral blood (PB) offer a clinically accessible source for adoptive immunotherapy. However, the expansion of these T cells from patients with cancer remains a challenge. We hypothesized that mimicking innate immune activ
Open articleHematology
Assessments of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell pharmacokinetics by flow cytometry (FC) and a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay were compared in adult patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) following treatment with obecabtagene a
Open articleHematology
Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is effective in relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL), but its clinical application is restricted by manufacturing failures, high costs, and limited accessibility. Gene-edited allogeneic CA
Open articleHematology
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressive malignancy with poor prognosis. To date, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in AML has been limited by the lack of antigens with high specificity for AML cells. Here, we developed a synthetic T-cell receptor and an
Open articleHematology
Traditional manufacturing of B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies is prolonged, leading to reduced patient access, T cell exhaustion, and consequently limiting therapeutic efficacy. To address this issue, we developed durcabta
Open articleHematology
The optimal regimens for older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remain uncertain. The authors conducted a multicenter phase 2 trial to evaluate the novel venetoclax, fl
Open articleHematology
Total marrow and lymphoid irradiation delivers augmented doses of radiation to the bone marrow and lymph nodes while maintaining low doses to vital organs. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of combining total marrow and lymphoid irradiation (2000 cGy to bone marrow and lymph n
Open articleHematology
Long-duration space missions expose astronauts to microgravity, radiation, confinement, fluid redistribution, and circadian disruption, which together induce physiological adaptations, including cardiovascular hemodynamics. Emerging evidence suggests that spaceflight may modulate
Open articleHematology
Hematological malignancies including leukemia, lymphoma, and myelodysplastic syndromes, are characterized by clonal proliferation of abnormal blood or bone marrow cells. Early and accurate detection is essential for improving treatment outcomes and survival. Automated hematology
Open articleHematology
Eltrombopag is an effective second-line therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but its long-term efficacy is limited. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has immunomodulatory effects targeting ITP pathophysiology. We investigated whether combining ATRA with eltrombopag improves lo
Open articleHematology
All-Trans Retinoic Acid for Immune Thrombocytopenia - Sustained Response?
Open articleInfectious Disease
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections affect approximately 1.5 billion people globally. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) aims for 75% mass drug administration (MDA) coverage by 2030, the long-term population benefit remains debated. This review aims to describe t
Open articleInfectious Disease
To our knowledge, a systematic review that has comprehensively evaluated the prevalence and clinical impact of multidrug -resistant bacteria in adult liver transplant recipients is not available. This review assessed the prevalence and clinical impact of multidrug -resistant bact
Open articleInfectious Disease
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to public health, already associated with more than 1 million attributable deaths per year; Enterobacterales, including Escherichia coli, are the pathogens responsible for the largest numbers of these antimicrobial resistance-associated
Open articleInfectious Disease
The hantavirus cluster in 2026 linked to the MV Hondius highlights persistent gaps in global pandemic preparedness as well as weak surveillance and coordinated response capacities in Latin America. Although epidemiologically distinct from COVID-19, this event underscores the poor
Open articleInfectious Disease
The epidemiological challenges of the parasite have been compounded by recent cutbacks at US health agencies. Susan Jaffe reports from Washington DC.
Open articleInfectious Disease
Cambodia is the first country in the Asia–Pacific to reach the 95–95–95 targets. There is hope that other countries might learn from its success. Sima Barmania reports from Bangkok and Phnom Penh.
Open articleInfectious Disease
Solja T Nyberg and colleagues1 report a consistent dose–response association between adult obesity and severe infections across Finnish cohorts and UK Biobank, and estimate that worldwide 8·6% (95% CI 6·6–11·1) of infection-related deaths in 2018, 15·0% (12·8–17·4) in 2021, and 1
Open articleInfectious Disease
In patients with bacteraemia caused by 3GCR-E, temocillin was non-inferior to carbapenems as targeted treatment. These findings support the use of temocillin as an effective and safe alternative to carbapenems in this setting.
Open articleInfectious Disease
On Jan 5, 2026, the Acting Director of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) signed a decision memorandum from the heads of the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the US Food and Drug Administration, which remove
Open articleInfectious Disease
This August issue marks the 25th anniversary of The Lancet Infectious Diseases. The journal was created in 2001 by our late Editor-in-Chief John McConnell whose vision for a journal for specialists in infectious diseases that could inform public health decisions and clinical prac
Open articleInfectious Disease
Epidemiology has been defined as “the careful definition of a numerator and a denominator” (Alexander Langmuir, founder of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Epidemic Intelligence Service). Serology has the potential to reveal an otherwise hidden denominator
Open articleInfectious Disease
It has been more than 140 years since Pasteur, Vulpian, and Grancher conducted the first successful human immunisation against rabies with a live-attenuated vaccine derived from dried rabid rabbit spinal cord material. The current modern purified cell culture and embryonated egg-
Open articleInfectious Disease
The ongoing outbreak of Bundibugyo virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda exposes a recurrent weakness in filovirus preparedness: clinical research systems are still too often activated after, rather than before, epidemics accelerate.1,2 Unlike disease c
Open articleInfectious Disease
On May 15, 2026, the Ministry of Public Health, Hygiene and Social Welfare of DR Congo declared the country's 17th recorded Ebola disease outbreak after the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale confirmed Bundibugyo virus (species Orthoebolavirus bundibugyoense) as the
Open articleInfectious Disease
The ongoing outbreak of Ebola virus disease caused by Bundibugyo virus in DR Congo and Uganda is a reminder that epidemic preparedness remains weak, particularly where it matters most—at the front line. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security a
Open articleInfectious Disease
There have been few long COVID clinical trials relative to the burden of disease,1 and even fewer have been accessible to people with more severe illness.2 As a person who has had moderate-to-severe long COVID (depending on the day) since 2020, I have long advocated for at-home a
Open articleInfectious Disease
Recently, I was working in a densely populated informal settlement in Mumbai, a metropolitan city in India, where tuberculosis was a daily finding in my outpatient department due to the high endemicity. One case, however, stayed with me.
Open articleInfectious Disease
As infectious disease physicians, we rarely have a single dramatic procedure that instantaneously changes a patient's trajectory: no emergent catheterisation for acute myocardial infarction, no urgent endoscopy for torrential upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Antibiotics can
Open articleInfectious Disease
Friends and family kept asking, “Why infectious diseases?” Although their intent was kind, the subtext was constant: why choose a path that is demanding, less lucrative, and often unseen? I had no slogan in response. I only knew that, since adolescence, I was drawn to infections
Open articleInfectious Disease
As The Lancet Infectious Diseases approaches its 25-year anniversary, your Editorial1—and its call for stories of success, hope, and inspiration—resonated strongly with our team. In our intensive care unit (ICU), one such story began with an uncomfortable series of questions at t
Open articleInfectious Disease
The world often feels dark when seen through today's headlines. Conflict, division, mistrust, and crisis compete for attention.1 However, working and training in infectious diseases offers a different daily perspective. Infection does not recognise age, gender, ethnicity, re
Open articleInfectious Disease
The milestone that gave me the greatest satisfaction last year was not a headline-grabbing breakthrough, but the quiet alignment of two parallel worlds: regulatory clearance and operational readiness for BWC0977, a novel dual-targeting inhibitor of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Open articleInfectious Disease
HIV carries an unwarranted stigma especially in perinatal and prepubescent populations.1 Thanks to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy, the rate of perinatal HIV transmission has decreased from 20–30% to 0·1–0·5%.2,3 In 2022, nearly 13 000 people in
Open articleInfectious Disease
Moments that shape careers in infectious diseases are often rooted in uncertainty but clarified by experience. After passing my part one fellowship examination in internal medicine in May 2019, I remained undecided about whether to pursue a career in nephrology or in infectious d
Open articleInfectious Disease
GBD 2023 Diarrhoeal Disease and Enteric Infectious Diseases Collaborators. Global burden of enteric infectious diseases, diarrhoeal diseases, and corresponding aetiologies, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet Infect Dis 2026; publi
Open articleInfectious Disease
Tortosa F, Santamaría G, Bustamante R, et al. Use of tocilizumab for severe hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: a MEURI case series with contextual comparisons. Lancet Infect Dis 2026; published online June 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(26)00285-9—In this Article, Ariel Izcovi
Open articleInfectious Disease
An outbreak of diphtheria in Australia is predominantly affecting remote Indigenous communities of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Tony Kirby reports.
Open articleInfectious Disease
Three drugs for Bundibugyo virus treatment and prevention are set to be tested in DR Congo under a previously established protocol for an adaptive platform trial. Esther Nakkazi reports.
Open articleInfectious Disease
Rollout of lenacapavir in South Africa, supported by the Global Fund, began on June 5, 2026, but activists argue that funding for doses is insufficient to make a difference. Ed Holt reports.
Open articleInfectious Disease
In May, 2026, Ecuador became the first country in Latin America and the Caribbean to procure vaccine-transport vehicles with cold-chain technology. Sanjeet Bagcchi reports.
Open articleInfectious Disease
The 2026 High-Level Meeting on HIV/AIDS was hosted by the UN General Assembly in New York City, NY, USA, from June 22 to 23, 2026. Talha Burki reports.
Open articleInfectious Disease
In 2014, Krutika Kuppalli served as Medical Director of a large Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) in Sierra Leone during the West African Ebola virus disease epidemic (2013–16). “It was the most challenging but transformative experience of my life. Even 12 years later, I am learning fro
Open articleInfectious Disease
“When it came to treating the pox, misery was recast as absolution”, explains Olivia Weisser in The dreaded pox: sex and disease in early modern London, her accomplished account of venereal disease in seventeenth and eighteenth century London. At that time, the assumption was tha
Open articleInfectious Disease
We developed and validated four complementary population immunity estimators derived from individual antibody titres that showed predictive utility for influenza subtype dominance and epidemic size direction across diverse settings. These estimators could inform seasonal influenz
Open articleInfectious Disease
A year ago, we expressed cautious hope at the adoption of the WHO Pandemic Agreement during the 78th World Health Assembly, with the caveat that strengthening local health systems, international cooperation, and establishing sustainable financing mechanisms would be indispensable
Open articleInfectious Disease
The post-pandemic epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes has largely been interpreted through the lens of the 2022–23 upsurge, when the incidence of scarlet fever and invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS), increased across several European countries, particularly among children.
Open articleInfectious Disease
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV, family Phenuiviridae), is a viral haemorrhagic fever with a case-fatality rate (CFR) exceeding 10%.1 First identified in central China in 2009, SFTSV now has the broadest geographical distribution am
Open articleInfectious Disease
Dorland’s Medical Dictionary defines tuberculosis as any of the infectious diseases caused by species of Mycobacterium and characterised by tubercle formation with caseous necrosis in the tissues.1 Similar microbe-centric definitions that leave many questions about epidemiology,
Open articleInfectious Disease
The convergence of hypervirulence and multidrug resistance (MDR) traits in Klebsiella pneumoniae has dramatically accelerated over the past decade, highly challenging the health-care network.1 Current evidence suggests that the convergence is primarily driven by the acquisition o
Open articleInfectious Disease
We read with interest the Article published in The Lancet Microbe by Marjorie J Gibbon and colleagues.1 Despite the clinical importance of iuc3-harbouring virulence plasmids in invasive human disease, genomic evidence from animal reservoirs remains inadequate worldwide, underscor
Open articleInfectious Disease
Development of bacterial resistance during antibiotic therapy can lead to treatment failure and negative outcomes, including death. Although the development of resistance is observed relatively frequently, paradoxically, it is often thought to be mediated by rare mutations (frequ
Open articleInfectious Disease
Following the global re-emergence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in 2023–24 after the COVID-19 pandemic,1 a key question is when, and to what extent, these infections will surge in the near future. This question is particularly relevant because the most recent epidemic place
Open articleInfectious Disease
On Feb 10, 2026, WHO prequalified a novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2; Biological E [BioE], India). The product was developed following a technology transfer from PT Bio Farma (Indonesia). Designed to address outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2
Open articleInfectious Disease
On Feb 27, 2026, WHO released its recommendations for the composition of the influenza vaccines for the 2026–27 season in the northern hemisphere. These recommendations are issued twice a year, once for each hemisphere, after a consultation process that centres on an analysis of
Open articleInfectious Disease
VRON-0200 alone or with investigational antiviral agents had no observed safety concerns and was well tolerated. Despite not targeting HBsAg, a single VRON-0200 dose induced broad and sustained anti-HBV immunity in most participants. When combined with antivirals, rapid and profo
Open articleInfectious Disease
This study describes how a clonal CPE outbreak caused by a contaminated medicine evolved into a complex plasmid-mediated outbreak involving multiple Enterobacterales species. Most patients related to the outbreak did not present with the original E hormaechei ST79 outbreak strain
Open articleInfectious Disease
Resistance to nirsevimab in RSV-B can emerge in real-world settings, affecting around 12% of breakthrough infections and showing greater diversity than previously recognised, although the clinical impact remains constrained by available evidence. Detection of resistant variants l
Open articleInfectious Disease
Our findings confirm that PCV13 reduced IPD cases caused by the susceptible CC260 lineage until CC260 was replaced by the clade I-α/CC180 lineage, which has a higher potential to cause IPD and divert the host immune system. A key mutation on LytA protein was associated with this
Open articleInfectious Disease
These findings suggest that higher resistance levels observed at the population level may reflect between-person variation rather than consistent within-person anatomical-site differences. Approximately 10% of individuals showed within-person MIC discordance, potentially leading
Open articleInfectious Disease
These findings provide proof-of-concept evidence that for the biologically important SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, levels of anti-RBD, S1, or spike IgG binding antibodies can successfully be compared across a range of well validated commercial assays with different designs and format
Open articleInfectious Disease
Overall, RDT performance was in line with that indicated in the TPP. Hence, their further development for commercialisation for use in a public health context seems consonant. However, as part of this way forward, further research should support these results with properly design
Open articleInfectious Disease
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major and growing threat to global health, development, and security, with the greatest burden borne by low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Without urgent intervention, cumulative deaths between 2020 and 2050, attributable to AMR, a
Open articleInfectious Disease
The empirical diagnosis of typhoid-by-default represents a severe failure in Ethiopia’s management of febrile illnesses. This practice of diagnosing undifferentiated fever as typhoid without confirmation drives antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through a unique diagnostic ecosystem
Open articleInfectious Disease
Malaria remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Increasing mosquito resistance to insecticides can significantly limit current vector control strategies. Spatial repellents represent a promising complementary tool by disrupting mosquito human-seeking behavi
Open articleInfectious Disease
Obesity prevalence is rising globally and associated with increased influenza mortality. The relationship between obesity and influenza-like-illness (ILI) incidence and symptom severity is less clear. US Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries enrolled in a randomized influenz
Open articleInfectious Disease
Patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) frequently report olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, including anosmia and ageusia. Multiple studies have assessed the prevalence of these symptoms in COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia. This systematic review and meta-analysis
Open articleInfectious Disease
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral zoonosis reported in Iran, where hard ticks serve as both reservoirs and vectors for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Understanding the geographic distribution and infection prevalence in tick populations
Open articleInfectious Disease
(a) To describe studies that evaluated sarcopenic obesity (SO) in people with HIV (PWH); (b) to summarize the methods and diagnostic criteria used to define SO in PWH; and (c) to estimate the overall prevalence of SO in this population. Scoping review conducted according to estab
Open articleInfectious Disease
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 660,000 new cervical cancer cases and 350,000 deaths globally in 2022, with over 90% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Global elimination targets call for vaccination of >90% of girls against human papillomavir
Open articleInfectious Disease
Task shifting in low-resource settings requires lay health care workers (HCWs) to provide a variety of health services, such as HIV index case testing, whereby sexual partners and family members of people living with HIV are offered HIV testing. For this, lay HCWs require adequat
Open articleInfectious Disease
No vaccines are currently licensed for the prevention of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Observational studies suggest that the four-component meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB) may reduce the risk of gonorrhea. In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-cont
Open articleInfectious Disease
Reducing the number of drugs in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) likely reduces toxicity. We hypothesized that dual therapy (DT) with nevirapine (NVP) and lamivudine (3TC) would be non-inferior to a virtual control without treatment failure. This multicenter study enrolled
Open articleInfectious Disease
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are a promising tool for HIV prevention and treatment. Here we conducted a first-in-human, phase 1 trial of the bispecific 10E8.4/iMab antibody, which consists of a 10E8.4 arm binding the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein membrane-proximal extern
Open articleInfectious Disease
Frailty and sarcopenia contribute to functional decline in older people with HIV (PWH), yet intervention data remain limited. We evaluated changes in frailty phenotype status, sarcopenia-related outcomes and functional performance during a supervised exercise trial and assessed a
Open articleInfectious Disease
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea among men who have sex with men (MSM) demands new prevention strategies. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the four-component meningococcal group B (4CMenB) vaccine against gonorrhea among MSM. A prospective, randomized,
Open articleInfectious Disease
Multi-month dispensing (MMD), as a differentiated service delivery model, can reduce the frequency of clinic visits, waiting time and travel costs for clinically stable people living with HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 6-month MMD of antiretroviral therapy (ART)
Open articleInfectious Disease
Retention in HIV care remains challenging in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated whether training lay counsellors in Motivational Interviewing (MI) could improve outcomes among newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) in South Africa. We conducted a cluster-randomized pilot tr
Open articleInfectious Disease
Dolutegravir (DTG) is a key antiretroviral (ARV) drug for children living with HIV, but no specific formulation is available for neonates (<28 days old). One of the DTG formulations evaluated in the PETITE-DTG trial was a novel 5 mg oral DTG dispersible film (DTG-Film). Accept
Open articleInfectious Disease
In South Africa, antiretroviral therapy adherence monitoring relies on self-reported adherence, which is prone to recall error, and only verified annually during blood viral load measurement. A novel urine tenofovir rapid assay (UTRA) is a low-cost point-of-care adherence support
Open articleInfectious Disease
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of podcast-based educational content delivered to students on their knowledge, awareness and anxiety levels regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV). This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted between 7 April 2025 and
Open articleInfectious Disease
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are major health concerns for women of reproductive age. Administration of HPV and HEV vaccines serves as primary prevention strategies. Our study aimed to demonstrate the immunogenicity and safety of co-administer
Open articleInfectious Disease
Objective: Nutrition is critical for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV); nonetheless, nutritional interventions have not been conducted among PLHIV in the Middle East and North Africa region. This study evaluated the effects of a nutrition-related education i
Open articleInfectious Disease
Doxycycline is considered as the standard treatment of rickettsiosis.Fluoroquinolones used as an alternative therapy, until recent studies have shown that Fluoroquinolones are associated with a deleterious outcome Objectives : To compare therapeutic efficacy and safety of fluoroq
Open articleInfectious Disease
To evaluate the effects of subgingival air polishing (glycine powder) or minocycline hydrochloride on periodontal parameters and inflammatory levels in residual periodontal pockets following periodontal endoscope-assisted scaling and root planing. This single-center, randomized c
Open articleInfectious Disease
Non-adherence to Tuberculosis (TB) treatment remains a global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Digital Adherence Technologies (DATs) have shown promise in improving treatment outcomes, yet little is known about user perceptions. Through an exit
Open articleInfectious Disease
Unnecessary postoperative antibiotic use is common. This study evaluated whether modifying electronic health record order sets plus participation in a facilitation workshop by the antimicrobial stewardship team reduced inappropriate postoperative antibiotic duration more than mod
Open articleInfectious Disease
Alternatives to carbapenems for the treatment of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCR-E) are urgently needed to reduce the selection pressure posed by these drugs. Temocillin is a neglected narrow-spectrum β-lactam. The aim of the trial was to investiga
Open articleInfectious Disease
Approaches to the treatment of cystitis have changed in recent years. Although the benefit of antibiotics in urinary tract infection is evident, excessive and inappropriate use has contributed to increased antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens and a higher rate of adverse e
Open articleInfectious Disease
The treatment of recurrent lower urinary tract infections (RLUTIs) remains unresolved due to increasing antibiotic resistance and the ability of pathogens to form biofilms and parasitize intracellularly, creating microbial communities with biofilm-like properties. Therefore, grea
Open articleInfectious Disease
The Bacteremia Antibiotic Length Actually Needed for Clinical Effectiveness (BALANCE) trial showed that 7 days of antibiotics was noninferior to 14 days among patients with bacteremia. However, it is unknown whether patients with high serum procalcitonin (PCT) level at day 7 of t
Open articleInfectious Disease
Diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) is a common complication and major cause of morbidity among people with diabetes mellitus. There has been growing acceptance of primarily nonsurgical (conservative) management of DFO based on antibiotics alone. However, the most appropriate durat
Open articleInfectious Disease
Safer, more effective treatment regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis are needed. We conducted a phase 3, open-label, pragmatic, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial in South Africa to assess a 6-month treatment strategy for pulmonary rifampicin-resistant tubercul
Open articleInfectious Disease
We previously demonstrated in a randomized controlled trial that antibiotic prescribing feedback to family physicians reduced antibiotic use. However, that trial did not evaluate for patient harms from potential under-prescribing of antibiotics. To evaluate the safety of an antib
Open articleInfectious Disease
Pretomanid is a component of the World Health Organization-recommended treatment regimen for drug-resistant tuberculosis in patients aged ≥ 14 years. While preclinical rodent studies identified testicular toxicity as a potential clinical liability at elevated doses, no correspond
Open articleInfectious Disease
Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients and is associated with intensive use of β-lactam antibiotics. These drugs show time-dependent pharmacodynamics and high pharmacokinetic variability in this population, making it difficult to achieve
Open articleInfectious Disease
Previously considered rare, penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (PSSA) bacteraemia has re-emerged worldwide. Although benzylpenicillin might offer advantages in terms of pharmacokinetic and adverse effect profiles, anti-staphylococcal penicillins are recommended for seri
Open articleInfectious Disease
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is associated with high mortality. Whether cefazolin or an antistaphylococcal penicillin should be preferred for the treatment of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bacteremia is unclear. In an ongoing international Bayesian adaptive platform trial
Open articleInfectious Disease
APC148 is a novel metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor with broad activity against Ambler class B enzymes, including NDM, VIM, and IMP. It is being developed for patients with serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant, gram-negative bacteria. APC148 is combined with the broad-spe
Open articleInfectious Disease
Clostridioides difficile infections remain a major global healthcare burden, underscoring the need for novel therapies. Human colonisation models provide mechanistic insight into C. difficile colonisation and facilitate identification of novel intervention targets. We conducted a
Open articleInfectious Disease
Tuberculosis infection (TBI) diagnosis in BCG-vaccinated, high-burden settings remains challenging. We aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and safety of the C-tuberculin skin test (C-TST), compared with PPD RT-23, for tuberculosis infection in BCG-vaccinated adults. Ran
Open articleInfectious Disease
Seasonal influenza causes considerable morbidity and mortality, with influenza A and B viruses driving most influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths. Vaccination remains a key influenza prevention strategy; however, current seasonal influenza vaccines based on traditional
Open articleInfectious Disease
In addition to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), the 13-valent and 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV13 and PCV15, respectively) are currently utilized as optional vaccines for adults. Although PCV15 provides broader serotype coverage than PC
Open articleInfectious Disease
Both vaccination and seasonal chemoprevention are effective interventions against malaria, but both morbidity and mortality due to malaria remain high, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. A recent clinical trial showed that the combination of these interventions provided substant
Open articleInfectious Disease
Based on viral evolution, increases in seasonal infections, and facilitation of delivery, an annual combination vaccine simultaneously targeting influenza and SARS-CoV-2 would benefit public health. The safety and immunogenicity of a COVID-19-Influenza Combination nanoparticle va
Open articleInfectious Disease
Rotavirus (RV) is a leading cause of diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality among children under 5 y globally, accounting for approximately one-third of childhood diarrhea cases in China. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for RV prevention. Rotarix, a liquid RV vaccine
Open articleInfectious Disease
This study aimed to investigate the effect of vaccination history on future willingness or behavior to receive vaccinations for influenza and COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL and Scop
Open articleInfectious Disease
Mass dog vaccination to control rabies usually involves centralized planning and team-led annual campaigns. We evaluated the implementation processes of a decentralized, community-based continuous approach to mass dog vaccination (CBC-MDV), delivered as an arm of a randomized con
Open articleInfectious Disease
Pneumococcal disease (PD) causes significant illness and death, especially in young children, older adults, and individuals with chronic medical conditions. Due to increased risk, children with chronic conditions are often advised to receive additional pneumococcal vaccination be
Open articleInfectious Disease
Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y (MenA, Men B, MenC, MenW, and MenY) cause nearly all invasive meningococcal disease globally, and clinical outcomes are often severe. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunological non-inferiority of a MenABCWY vaccine, compr
Open articleInfectious Disease
Vaccine misinformation can undermine vaccine confidence, institutional trust, and uptake. Arabic speakers in Australia are disproportionately susceptible to vaccine misinformation and have experienced adverse health outcomes. This randomized controlled trial tested the effectiven
Open articleInfectious Disease
To systematically review and quantify the key determinants influencing dengue vaccine acceptance in populations where the vaccine is recommended or considered. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medic
Open articleInfectious Disease
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of 21 conditions affecting an estimated 1 billion people worldwide, causing significant mortality and morbidity. WHO has targeted their control, elimination or eradication by 2030, while highlighting that conflict and humanitarian em
Open articleInfectious Disease
Remdesivir inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent polymerase (Nsp12). Here, we present virology analyses from the Phase 3 REDPINE trial in participants with impaired kidney function hospitalized for COVID-19 and treated with remdesivir or placebo for 5 days. Out of 243 participant
Open articleInfectious Disease
Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, has resurged globally despite widespread childhood vaccination. With waning immunity, adolescent and adult cases have increased. Patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be more susceptible due to chronic
Open articleInfectious Disease
Evidence linking zoonotic nematode Toxocara and asthma is mounting in children. We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of Toxocara seropositivity in asthmatic children and quantify the association. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for studies (through 18 June 202
Open articleInfectious Disease
HIV-related stigma undermines prevention and treatment efforts, particularly among young adults. Social media offers a scalable platform for stigma-reduction efforts; however, empirical evidence of its effectiveness remains limited. Social media influencers may enhance the effect
Open articleInfectious Disease
Although COVID-19 vaccination has reduced morbidity and mortality, adults aged 65 y old and older are at high risk of complications from COVID-19. The evidence suggests that probiotics may enhance immune responses when co-administered with influenza vaccination. However, few stud
Open articleInfectious Disease
BACKGROUND Two-month smear conversion has been adopted instead of cultures to predict unfavourable bacteriological outcomes in TB treatment. However, this approach is limited by lower sensitivity and specificity. OBJECTIVE In absence of early-stage biomarkers of treatment respons
Open articleInfectious Disease
Antimicrobial resistance is partly driven by overprescribing antibiotics in primary care. Delayed antibiotic prescriptions, which allow patients to monitor their symptoms before deciding to use antibiotics, are a promising intervention. However, this strategy is undermined when p
Open articleInfectious Disease
Background: COVID-19 disproportionately affects older adults, placing residents of closed-community settings, such as long-term care facilities (LTCFs), at increased risk for severe illness and death. Objective: To describe the epidemiology and healthcare resource utilization ass
Open articleInfectious Disease
During the COVID-19 pandemic, inter-hospital transfer of critically ill patients between intensive care units was widely used to manage capacity shortages. While several individual studies have compared outcomes of transferred and non-transferred patients, no systematic synthesis
Open articleInfectious Disease
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can disseminate and infect various organs throughout the body. However, whether NTM can infect tracheobronchial tissue is rarely reported. This study aimed to address the knowledge gap regarding the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical char
Open articleInfectious Disease
The World Health Organization (WHO) released its first comprehensive guidelines on the clinical management of filovirus disease, which includes all Ebola and Marburg viruses.
Open articleInfectious Disease
This Medical News article discusses new research that potentially expands the types of T cells known to harbor latent HIV.
Open articleInfectious Disease
This trial within the Danish DAN-RSV adult respiratory syncytial virus vaccine trial assesses whether the sex of the person presenting an informational video for potential trial participants is associated with trial enrollment.
Open articleInfectious Disease
At the conference of State and Provincial Authorities of North America held in Atlantic City in May, Dr. M. M. Seymour, deputy minister of public health of Saskatchewan and president of the conference, proposed a plan for “drives” against diphtheria, smallpox and typhoid. In brie
Open articleInfectious Disease
SARS-CoV-2 remains a global health threat because ongoing viral evolution and immune evasion reduce the effectiveness of existing therapies. SNS812 is an inhaled small interfering RNA targeting a highly conserved region of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene, representing
Open articleInfectious Disease
We compared the effectiveness of tenofovir (TFV)-based triple regimens (TT) to TFV-sparing dual therapies (DT) in virologically suppressed, HBsAg-/HBcAb+ people living with HIV (PLWH). We emulated a target trial including adults PLWH from five University Hospitals, with HBsAg-/HB
Open articleInfectious Disease
BackgroundRoutine viral load testing (VLT) is critical for monitoring HIV treatment effectiveness, yet adherence to annual testing and patient engagement remain suboptimal, particularly among women. We evaluated a peer educator-supported, patient-initiated VLT approach in Dar es
Open articleInfectious Disease
This prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of multi-scenario simulation teaching in improving practical competence among medical and nursing students during infectious disease training. A total of 121 students were randomly assigned to a simulation g
Open articleInfectious Disease
Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected by the HIV epidemic, with Zambia experiencing a substantial burden of disease. Young people with HIV are disproportionately impacted. Emerging adulthood (ages 18-24 years) is characterized by increasing independence, risk-taking
Open articleInfectious Disease
The comparative efficacy and safety of high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV) versus standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV) in adults 65 years or older remain uncertain. Hence, we aimed to compare the effects of HD-IIV versus those of SD-IIV for hospitalis
Open articleInfectious Disease
To evaluate randomized adult evidence on adjunctive immunoglobulin M (IgM)-enriched immunoglobulin for sepsis and septic shock, with emphasis on short-term mortality, endpoint heterogeneity, statistical robustness, and harms reporting. MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of
Open articleInfectious Disease
BACKGROUND Adherence to TB treatment is crucial for successful outcomes. While facility-based directly observed therapy (FB-DOT) is a common strategy, recognition of its limitations has spurred the development of flexible approaches. We have compared the effectiveness of alternat
Open articleInfectious Disease
Evidence increasingly shows close, bidirectional links between infectious diseases (IDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, research, health policy, and prevention practices still largely address them in separate frameworks. This scoping review summarises the current
Open articleInfectious Disease
Anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) progressively lost efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the emergence and predominance of resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants. By contrast, high-titre COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) collected from vaccinated donors recently recovered
Open articleInfectious Disease
The efficacy of convalescent plasma (CP) in COVID-19 has been contested, with large randomized trials producing conflicting results that led to recommendations against routine use. We performed a systematic review with design-stratified narrative synthesis (PRISMA 2020; SWiM; OSF
Open articleInfectious Disease
Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is a complication of acute COVID-19, which often presents with a variety of symptoms. It can also impact individuals' overall well-being, capacity to carry out daily activities, engage in physical exercise, maintain employment, and their general
Open articleInfectious Disease
Human gnathostomiasis is a foodborne zoonotic nematode infection caused by the larval stage of Gnathostoma species. Although historically reported predominantly from Asia and America, cases are increasingly identified in previously non-endemic regions. The heterogeneous clinical
Open articleInfectious Disease
AbstractAs part of a multi-year surveillance program of tick-borne diseases, we describe babesia surveillance of blood donors using nucleic acid tests conducted in 2025 and summarize cases of babesiosis reported by public health officials in Nova Scotia, Canada, from 2023 through
Open articleInfectious Disease
Treatment of Recurrent C. difficile Infection - Making the Best Use of What We Have.
Open articleInfectious Disease
We read with great interest the systematic review and meta-analysis by López-Delgado et al. [...].
Open articleInfectious Disease
Introduction Following the reclassification of COVID-19 as a category V infectious disease in Japan in May 2023, systematic public health monitoring of case numbers and cluster outbreaks was discontinued. Consequently, infection control measures, responses to cluster outbreaks an
Open articleInfectious Disease
Introduction Mpox remains an ongoing global health concern, driven by an ongoing clade I outbreak in Central Africa, which has caused substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite deployment of the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccine, data on the durability o
Open articleInfectious Disease
Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) remains underdiagnosed in many high-burden countries due to high costs and limited availability of rapid molecular tests. Globally, only half of people with TB receive a molecular test as their initial diagnostic test. Pooled testing combines sputum s
Open articleNephrology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 465-477, July 30, 2026.
Open articleNephrology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 511-513, July 30, 2026.
Open articleNephrology
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articleNephrology
We read with interest the Article1 by Alana C Desai and colleagues on the results of the well designed, large-scale Prevention of Urinary Stones with Hydration (PUSH) trial, which evaluated a multicomponent intervention to improve fluid intake and idiopathic urinary stone recurre
Open articleNephrology
We read with interest the Correspondence from Alba Martina Renzullo and Simone Benvenuto regarding results of the Prevention of Urinary Stones with Hydration (PUSH) trial,1 and share their goal of avoiding potentially harmful interpretation of the results. Findings from the PUSH
Open articleNephrology
Abulibdeh R, Agyemang GO, Celi LA, et al. Who's really in the loop? Rethinking oversight in AI-assisted health care. Lancet 2026; 407: 2340–44—In this Viewpoint, the definition of the eGRF abbreviation in the legend of the figure should have read “estimated glomerular filtra
Open articleNephrology
Membranous nephropathy (MN) constitutes an autoimmune glomerular disorder and represents the most frequent etiology of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults. Although obinutuzumab exhibits favorable efficacy in managing refractory MN, outcomes diverge across individual investigati
Open articleNephrology
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects ~ 850 million people globally. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has emerged as a central regulator of inflammatory, fibrotic, and mitochondrial injury during CKD pathogenesis. Nevertheless, its consistency across disease mo
Open articleNephrology
The long-term renal implications of conditions leading to male reproductive surgeries remain unclear. This study evaluated the potential causal relationships between genetic liability to undergoing these surgeries and kidney diseases. Genetic variants associated with four surgery
Open articleNephrology
In diabetic kidney disease (DKD), dyslipidemia accelerates renal decline and heart failure risk, making Cardio-Renal-Metabolic (CRM) risk reduction critical. The bidirectional relationship between cardiac and renal dysfunction further highlights the necessity of lipid-lowering th
Open articleNephrology
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats is characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Curcumin has shown renoprotective effects in experimental models, but clinical evidence in cats with CKD remains limited. Evaluate whether PO curcumin supplementation (80 mg/ca
Open articleNephrology
Whether fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided revascularization improves outcomes in atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) remains uncertain. This study will evaluate whether the benefit of FFR-guided stenting sustained at 1 year including renal outcomes. FAIR pilot is an i
Open articleNephrology
Low-protein diets (LPD) are recommended in chronic kidney disease (CKD) to reduce disease progression. However, their clinical efficacy and safety are debated due to the risk of protein-energy wasting. A deeper mechanistic understanding is therefore required. Herein, the metaboli
Open articleNephrology
To determine whether a structured early nephrology consultation triggered by a machine-learning acute kidney injury (AKI) risk score (electronic signal to prevent AKI [ESTOP-AKI]) in patients at high risk for stage 2 AKI improves patient outcomes. This randomized clinical trial w
Open articleNephrology
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used to treat patients with severe cardiac and pulmonary failure but the complications of acute kidney injury and fluid overload are common. We aimed to determine whether the early initiation of continuous renal replaceme
Open articleNephrology
Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was commonly associated with malnutrition, with many patients exhibiting protein-energy deficiency and muscle wasting. Increasing blood flow rate (BFR) and extending dialysis duration had been considered strategies to improve nutritional o
Open articleNephrology
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing chronic hemodialysis often experience reduced quality of life and autonomic dysregulation. Group supportive psychotherapy may improve psychological well-being through biopsychosocial mechanisms. This study evaluated the effe
Open articleNephrology
Several human trials have used the mitochondrial antioxidant mitoquinol mesylate (MitoQ). There are no apparent negative consequences on the kidneys following an acute high dose of MitoQ in young adults; however, it remains unclear whether chronic MitoQ influences kidney function
Open articleNephrology
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preoperative intravenous saline hydration on postoperative renal functions and the prevention of acute kidney injury subsequent to open-heart surgery. Our investigation was designed as a prospective, randomized, and controlled
Open articleNephrology
Digital behavioral interventions are promising to support patients' pursuit of live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT). This study examined the effectiveness of a patient-led digital intervention (KidneyTIME) versus active control on facilitating LDKT. An individually rando
Open articleNephrology
This study aimed to explore the efficacy of combining high‑flux hemodialysis (HFHD) with a hypoxia‑inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) for the treatment of renal anemia among patients with end-stage kidney disease. Sixty-four newly treated maintenance hemodial
Open articleNephrology
The Restrictive versus Liberal Fluid Therapy in Major Abdominal Surgery (RELIEF) randomised trial found that a restrictive intravenous fluid regimen increased the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) after major abdominal surgery. We examined whether AKI after restrictive fluid ther
Open articleNephrology
Peritoneal dialysis is an established kidney replacement therapy for people with kidney failure, allowing home-based treatment, autonomy and preservation of residual kidney function. However, large differences in solute transport, fluid balance and treatment adherence make long-t
Open articleNephrology
Treatment with semaglutide compared with placebo for 24 weeks reduced lean body mass and fat mass in adults with CKD and overweight or obesity. Changes in lean body mass or fat mass during semaglutide treatment did not correlate with changes in creatinine or cystatin C‑eGFR or me
Open articleNephrology
Fructose-containing soft drinks worsen acute kidney injury (AKI) risk during simulated work-related heat stress (WrHS), but the fructose content is comparatively lower in sport drinks. This study tested the hypothesis that consuming a higher-fructose sport drink exacerbates AKI r
Open articleNephrology
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS), contributing to poor blood pressure (BP) control and heightened cardiovascular risk. Emerging evidence indicates that isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise may enhance cBRS in healthy individuals; however, it
Open articleNephrology
Glomerular diseases are a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure. Finerenone, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, reduces the risk of kidney function loss in CKD, but its effects in individuals with CKD due to glomerular diseases are un
Open articleNephrology
Patients with end-stage renal disease receiving maintenance hemodialysis experience a substantial symptom burden, and demoralization syndrome-characterized by helplessness, hopelessness, and loss of meaning-is highly prevalent and strongly associated with impaired quality of life
Open articleNephrology
Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) is a rare, severe condition affecting patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The etiology of CUA is unclear. Here, we aimed to identify factors associated with its development. We reviewed the existing evidence on its pathomechanisms and
Open articleNephrology
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved labeling changes for the over-the-counter (OTC) weight-loss drug orlistat to warn of acute kidney injury risks.
Open articleNephrology
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors slow diabetic kidney disease progression, but their intrarenal mechanisms remain incompletely understood, particularly in type 1 diabetes (T1D), where kidney protection has not been definitively established. ATTEMPT (NCT04333823)
Open articleNephrology
This study critically examined the evolving role of artificial intelligence (AI ) in kidney transplantation, aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical promise and clinical implementation. The study evaluated AI -driven innovations across the transplant continuum, from pretrans
Open articleNephrology
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers many advantages over hemodialysis but chronic exposure to bio-incompatible glucose-based PD solutions and continuous absorption of glucose from the dialysate may lead to peritoneal membrane (PM) dysfunction and systemic metabolic complications such
Open articleNephrology
AThis randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of an individualized, nurse-led, teach-back method of education intervention guided by the Roy Adaptation Model on treatment adherence and coping processes among adult patients on hemodialysis. Utilizing a parallel-group pr
Open articleNephrology
Digital interventions can support sodium restriction in chronic kidney disease; yet, implementation and engagement barriers remain poorly understood. This mixed methods study evaluated a nurse-led digital program for sodium restriction, focusing on 3 key aspects: implementation,
Open articleNephrology
Lucerastat is an iminosugar with the potential to provide substrate reduction therapy for the treatment of Fabry disease (FD), an inherited X-linked lysosomal storage disorder. The aims of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model describing lucerastat pl
Open articleNeurology
Nav1.8, a voltage-gated sodium channel expressed in the peripheral nervous system, has a critical role in pain signaling. Previous trials of NaV1.8 inhibitors have shown effectiveness in reducing postoperative pain. We conducted a phase 2b, double-blind, randomized, placebo-contr
Open articleNeurology
Levodopa did not enhance early motor recovery at 3 months after stroke in the Enhancement of Stroke Rehabilitation with Levodopa (ESTREL) trial. However, whether levodopa modifies the time course of recovery, leading to a delayed benefit remains unclear. Here, we examined levodop
Open articleNeurology
BACKGROUND Older adult patients with acute ischemic stroke have dysphagia and require early post-pyloric enteral nutrition, yet feeding intolerance and unstable energy delivery remain common, and practical pathways that integrate tolerance and aspiration risk are lacking. This tr
Open articleNeurology
Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a major cause of disability that is still challenging to manage in clinical practices. Both pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could reduce poststroke HSP to certain extents. However, it remains un
Open articleNeurology
Numerous neurocognitive and behavioral deficits in adolescents with acquired brain injury have been associated with impairments in executive functions. Nevertheless, many adolescents do not receive targeted rehabilitation. One of the most validated interventions addressing execut
Open articleNeurology
Cognitive impairment among older adults is often due to multiple pathologies and heterogenous risk factors. We assessed whether Alzheimer's blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) were associated with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/probable dementia, and whether associations
Open articleNeurology
Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) is a noninvasive, painless therapy aimed at improving spasticity, with a proposed mechanism that involves neuromodulation through somatosensory and proprioceptive afferent stimulation. The present study evaluates the effectiveness
Open articleNeurology
Executive dysfunction is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been linked to dysfunction of the medial frontal cortex (MFC). This randomized, sham-controlled study investigated whether high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD
Open articleNeurology
Vitamin D deficiency is linked to Parkinson disease (PD) pathogenesis; however, clinical trial results remain inconclusive. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Thai patients with PD and the efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation on
Open articleNeurology
Previous research has shown that mobile health (mHealth) interventions are effective in reminding older adults with chronic conditions about health care appointments and promoting adherence to medication schedules. However, the evidence is limited by the short duration and poor q
Open articleNeurology
Whether prior intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) modifies the relative efficacy of first-line thrombectomy strategies remains uncertain, and no randomised trial has specifically addressed this question. Leveraging the randomised design of the VECTOR trial, a multicentre trial compari
Open articleNeurology
Combined central-peripheral magnetic stimulation shows promise for post-stroke dysphagia (PSD), but its neural mechanisms remain unclear. We evaluated the its efficacy and cortical mechanisms in PSD patients. In this single-blind, parallel-controlled trial, 44 PSD patients were r
Open articleNeurology
Dysphagia is a common, serious complication in acute stroke patients, often requiring indwelling gastric tubes. Prolonged tube use increases risks of aspiration pneumonia and other adverse events. Current assessment methods often lack the sensitivity needed to guide safe extubati
Open articleNeurology
BACKGROUND Strong evidence suggests that a single session of aerobic exercise can alter serum neurotrophin concentrations and induce neural adaptations. This study aimed to analyze the effects of exercise intensity during a single exercise session on serum neurotrophin concentrat
Open articleNeurology
Intraventricular meningiomas are rare tumors accounting for a small fraction of intracranial meningiomas and are often associated with significant surgical challenges due to their deep location and rich vascular supply. Pre-operative endovascular embolization has been proposed as
Open articleNeurology
Despite the well-established efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery in achieving obliteration of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), a subset of patients, particularly those with large, deep-located AVMs, fail to achieve substantial obliteration. The CyberKnife machine of
Open articleNeurology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 454-464, July 30, 2026.
Open articleNeurology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 508-511, July 30, 2026.
Open articleNeurology
Dementia prevention is becoming a testable public health strategy. The 2024 Lancet Commission on dementia prevention, intervention, and care estimated that about 45% of dementia cases might be prevented or delayed by addressing 14 modifiable risk factors.1 Because the distributio
Open articleNeurology
A culturally adapted multidomain lifestyle intervention was feasible across Latin America and resulted in greater cognitive improvements than a flexible health-advice intervention in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. These findings extend the evidence base for multidomai
Open articleNeurology
Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a secondary disorder caused by cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in the cervical vertebrae, with involvement of the upper three cervical segments. The pain initiates in the neck and is often intensified by head or neck movements. This condition i
Open articleNeurology
Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a major infectious complication that increases mortality after stroke. Stroke-induced immunosuppression has been proposed as a key driver of SAP, supporting the rationale for immunomodulation. This review systematically outlines the immunopath
Open articleNeurology
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate key pathways in ischemic stroke with both protective and detrimental effects. Understanding these dual roles is important to developing novel therapeutic strategies for cerebral ischemia. This systematic review highlights key miRNAs under investigation
Open articleNeurology
To systematically evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on post-stroke depression (PSD) and to clarify the dose-response relationship between physical activity dosage and depressive symptoms in individuals with PSD. A structured and comprehensive search was conducted in
Open articleNeurology
BackgroundStroke remains a leading cause of mortality, long-term disability, and healthcare expenditure worldwide, placing substantial strain on healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Effective risk stratification can facilitate targeted prevention
Open articleNeurology
For patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) brought on by tandem lesions (TL), to compare the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in conjunction with endovascular therapy (EVT) to EVT alone. Relevant studies published up until October 20, 2024, were
Open articleNeurology
Life after stroke is managed by primary care to prevent recurrent stroke and ensure that stroke survivors live well within the community. Unfortunately, stroke survivors do not always receive timely follow-up from clinical services, which leads to unaddressed and hidden unmet nee
Open articleNeurology
Board games are usually played with other people across the lifespan. They seem to improve executive functions, which are psychological processes key to our daily lives. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to show whether board games could improve executive functions at diffe
Open articleNeurology
Activity-based rehabilitation, such as locomotor training, is commonly used to induce positive systemic physiological adaptations and restore locomotion in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Restoration of locomotion with activity-based rehabilitation alone is not
Open articleNeurology
Telemetric sensors are optionally inserted for intracranial pressure monitoring in paediatric hydrocephalus management. Children with shunted hydrocephalus may undergo multiple surgeries to investigate shunt function throughout their childhood. Understanding whether telemetric se
Open articleNeurology
Cervical radicular pain is a common chronic pain syndrome, typically managed with conservative treatments. In patients unresponsive to conservative management, minimally invasive interventions, such as an interlaminar cervical epidural steroid injection (ICESI), are employed. The
Open articleNeurology
To determine whether adding tailored primary care rehabilitation to Device-Aided Therapy in Parkinson's disease improves outcomes more than Device-Aided Therapy alone. Open randomized controlled intervention trial. Parkinson's patients initiating Device-Aided Therapy. P
Open articleNeurology
Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). However, systematic evaluations synthesizing evidence on microbial shifts, functional alterations, and clinical correlations are lacking. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze
Open articleNeurology
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) includes endoscopic evacuation and catheter-based evacuation (aspiration or drainage ± thrombolysis), but comparative performance remains uncertain. We performed a systematic review an
Open articleNeurology
Tonotopy is a fundamental feature of auditory cortical organization, yet its influence on cortical auditory-evoked responses (AERs) remains unclear. Consequently, key properties of cortical AERs-such as their marked amplitude reduction with increasing stimulus frequency-still lac
Open articleNeurology
How culture shapes brain functional alteration and its development remains poorly understood in dyslexia (DD). Hereby, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing brain activation in children across Chinese (logographic), English (deep alphabetic), and German (shallow alphabetic) writ
Open articleNeurology
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are characterised by pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joints and surrounding muscles. Dizziness is a frequent symptom reported by TMD patients, but the prevalence of dizziness in this population remains unclear. A systematic review
Open articleNeurology
Personality change is a debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet its prevalence, characteristics, and treatment remain poorly understood. We completed a pre-registered (CRD42023440990) systematic review and meta-analysis searching four databases (MEDLINE, Psy
Open articleNeurology
Whether cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stage modifies cognitive benefits of intensive blood pressure (BP) control remains unclear. This post hoc analysis of Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial - Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension (SPRINT MIND)
Open articleNeurology
Stroke impairs functional independence including gait ability. While robot-aided rehabilitation techniques have been developed, there is a need for a robotic system that promotes three-dimensional (3D) movement of the trunk and gait ability while providing automatic function eval
Open articleNeurology
Stroke survivors frequently exhibit foot deformities and postural asymmetry, contributing to gait instability and increased fall risk. This exploratory pilot randomized controlled trial examined the effects of custom-made 3D-printed insoles on foot alignment and postural symmetry
Open articleNeurology
Stroke remains a critical condition. Combined therapy of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6 (GHRP6) has shown potential benefits in stroke patients. The present COURAGE-2 study hypothesized that intravenous EGF (75µg) +GHRP6 (5mg) in acute ischem
Open articleNeurology
Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) improves outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion, yet the optimal anesthetic strategy remains controversial. Previous meta-analyses using frequentist methods reported no significant differences between general anesthesi
Open articleNeurology
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which current pharmacological therapies provide only modest and transient benefits, underscoring the need for effective non-pharmacological interventions. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), includin
Open articleNeurology
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and effective disease-modifying therapies remain limited. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic potential because of their neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties, but clinical evidence remains
Open articleNeurology
Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation paradigm capable of inducing long-term potentiation (LTP)- or long-term depression (LTD)-like plasticity. It has been used to probe neuroplasticity and corticospinal excitability alterations in Alzheimer'
Open articleNeurology
Addressing neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) requires scalable, non-pharmacological interventions. This study evaluated the user experience and clinical efficacy of a humanoid Socially Assistive Robot (SAR) in an ADRD care setting.
Open articleNeurology
ABBV-552, a positive modulator of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), was under investigation as a treatment for cognitive impairment related to Alzheimer's disease. This Phase 1, multicenter, open-label, parallel cohort study (NCT05686980) was conducted to examine the
Open articleNeurology
Understanding the genetic foundations of dementia is critical to unraveling its complex molecular basis. Given that a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia often results from interplay between multiple underlying neuropathologic co-morbidities, previous gen
Open articleNeurology
To compare the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapies targeting different pathological pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and AlzForum for randomized controlled trials (
Open articleNeurology
Our meta-analysis demonstrates that the risk effect of APOE-e4*4 relative to APOE-e3*3 for Alzheimer's disease in the Japanese population is approximately 12-15-fold, comparable to that reported in Caucasian populations, rather than greater than 20-fold as previously reporte
Open articleNeurology
Tau pathology biomarkers provide prognostic indicators of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), making them crucial to early patient stratification for disease-modifying interventions. Plasma p-tau217 indexes early tau pathophysiology, whereas
Open articleNeurology
Sedative-hypnotics, including benzodiazepines (BZDs) and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (Z-drugs), are widely prescribed for insomnia and anxiety, particularly in older adults. Their long-term cognitive safety and potential association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unce
Open articleNeurology
Gabapentinoids, particularly gabapentin and pregabalin, are widely prescribed for neuropathic pain and other chronic conditions, including in populations at risk for cognitive decline. Their long-term cognitive safety and potential association with Alzheimer's disease and re
Open articleNeurology
Agitation and related neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contribute to caregiver burden, functional decline, and institutionalization. Cannabinoid-based therapies have been investigated as potential symptomatic interventions, but evidence re
Open articleNeurology
Family caregivers experience conflicts in caring for people with Alzheimer's dementia (PWD; e.g., siblings disagreeing, advocating with providers, PWD refusing assistance). Subsequently, family caregivers experience frustration, burden, and stress. Furthermore, these caregiv
Open articleNeurology
Insomnia is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is unknown how cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) impacts two hallmarks of AD progression, cognitive performance and beta-amyloid (Aβ) burden. Cognitively normal older adults with symp
Open articleNeurology
Clinical trials indicate that disease-modifying therapies can slow clinical decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with earlier initiation associated with greater slowing. In the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 trial, the treatment effect of donanemab on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale S
Open articleNeurology
BackgroundSemaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog that is on the market to treat type 2 diabetes and weight loss (Ozempic, Wegovy). Two phase 3 clinical trials have been conducted, Evoke and Evoke+, testing the drug in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The trial man
Open articleNeurology
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, with annual conversion rates to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or all-cause dementia estimated at 10%-15%. The role of depression as a prognostic factor for dementia progression remains uncl
Open articleNeurology
BackgroundVarious studies have reported altered expression of metalloproteinases in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, expression profiles of each metalloproteinase during cognitive decline have not yet been fully characterized.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review
Open articleNeurology
To better characterize the genetic architecture underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD), we performed a meta-analysis of European-ancestry genome-wide association studies in 128,681 cases or proxy cases of ADRD and 849,833 (proxy) controls. We identi
Open articleNeurology
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, hyperphosphorylated Tau accumulation, and chronic neuroinflammation, with microglial function playing a crucial role in modulating these pathological cascades. The microglial receptor TREM2 has emerged a
Open articleNeurology
Developing effective neuromodulatory therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a critical unmet need. While repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows promise, its optimal targets and mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The cerebellum, a key modulator o
Open articleNeurology
BackgroundCerebrovascular dysfunction can contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and trigger angiogenesis. To date, no prior systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) study has attempted to qualitatively and quantitatively review existing literature e
Open articleNeurology
Tau PET imaging has emerged as a critical biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, informing diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic selection. We investigated whether PET tracer selection alters tau detection. We conducted a prospective, multicentre, non-randomised, within-participan
Open articleNeurology
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by synaptopathy, a neuropathological feature that can contribute to underlying cognitive decline. Here, we evaluate potential cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood-based synaptic biomarkers in AD dementia and its earliest clinical stag
Open articleNeurology
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of leading dementia causes, affecting over 50 million people worldwide. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in three parallel groups was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of Latrepirdine polymorph DMB-
Open articleNeurology
ObjectiveTo assess external counterpulsation (ECP) effects on cognitive and functional decline in early AD.MethodsThis 12-month, multicenter, blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial enrolled 190 patients with early AD (MCI due to AD or mild AD per NIA-AA clinical criteria). Pa
Open articleNeurology
Understanding the meaningfulness of clinical trial outcomes is essential for people living with Alzheimer disease (AD) and their clinicians to make evidence-based shared treatment decisions in real-world clinical care. Donanemab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the insoluble form
Open articleNeurology
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating side effect that leads to sensory deficits, impaired balance, and a reduced quality of life (QoL). This study evaluates the effectiveness of sensorimotor and balance training compared with conventional physiother
Open articleNeurology
Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) affects up to 80% of patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, and effective preventive strategies remain limited. Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HQGZWWD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula included in China's Nati
Open articleNeurology
Arboviral infections are increasingly recognized as triggers of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), yet the clinical spectrum, subtype distribution, and strength of association across different arboviruses remain incompletely characterized. This systematic review and meta-analysis eva
Open articleNeurology
This study aimed to investigate how diabetes mellitus (DM) influences the efficacy of early tirofiban administration after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischaemic noncardioembolic stroke. This was a post-hoc analysis of the ASSET-IT (Advancing Stroke Safety and
Open articleNeurology
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a disabling chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, associated with neuropathic pain, sensory dysfunction, and reduced quality of life. Because pharmacological treatments often provide only partial relief, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has
Open articleNeurology
Multidomain lifestyle interventions have been demonstrated to benefit cognitive function but it is unknown whether they reduce risk for clinically significant cognitive impairment sCI (mild cognitive impairment or dementia). The Action for Health in Diabetes administered repeated
Open articleNeurology
The aim of this study is to investigate, through a randomised controlled trial, the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on glucose metabolism, inflammatory responses and neurological recovery in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and to compare the
Open articleNeurology
Pilot randomised-controlled trial of nortriptyline and escitalopram compared to placebo for depressive symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Participants with PD and depressive symptoms received either nortriptyline, escitalopram or placebo with assessments at ba
Open articleNeurology
Seizure emergencies pose significant clinical and healthcare challenges in Spain, impacting morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. Comprehensive data on epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and economic impact remain limited. A systematic review was conducted following the C
Open articleNeurology
Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is a common and serious complication. Traditional rehabilitation for PSD is often hampered by low patient adherence due to its unengaging nature. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an immersive, surface electromyography (sEMG)-trig
Open articleNeurology
Language and communication difficulties are common across a range of dementias including primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Better Conversations with PPA (BCPPA) is a co-designed communication partner training intervention that aims to improve the experience of conversations for
Open articleNeurology
Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in isolated single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC) may contribute to neurodevelopmental impairment, yet reported prevalence varies widely. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimate the pooled prevalence of elevated ICP in isolated SSC an
Open articleNeurology
ObjectivesLong-term symptoms following infection with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) or Long COVID (LC), persist beyond 90 days and may impact at least 10% of patients with acute infection. The exac
Open articleNeurology
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) have higher dental caries rates than those without PD. Seven electronic databases and gray literature sources were systematically searched for observational studies comparing
Open articleNeurology
This Medical News article discusses a recent study in JAMA Neurology about the real-world use of the first approved plasma test for biomarkers of Alzheimer disease pathology.
Open articleNeurology
Football coaches commonly provide verbal encouragement and exercise end-point feedback to sustain players' effort by enhancing motivation during fitness training such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT). However, the influence of such cues on the prefrontal cortex (PF
Open articleNeurology
Stroke frequently causes spasticity and motor impairment, reducing independence. Non-invasive treatments like radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and acupoint-based transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (Acu-TENS) show potential, but direct comparisons with physi
Open articleNeurology
IV thrombolysis (IVT) is the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 hours of symptom onset, yet many patients present beyond this window. Recent randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and updated guidelines suggest potential benefit of IVT in selected
Open articleNeurology
Glymphatic transport, meningeal lymphatic drainage, and meningeal immunity have been implicated in metabolic waste clearance, cerebral edema formation, and the regulation of neuroinflammation after stroke. However, the available evidence remains fragmented and has not been system
Open articleNeurology
Motor imagery-based brain-computer Interface (MI-BCI) utilises electroencephalographic signals from imagined limb movements for control commands, enabling real-time interaction with external devices. Clinical trials suggest its potential for upper limb recovery post-stroke. This
Open articleNeurology
To observe the effect of acupuncture of "twelve hand and foot acupoints" (in fact "12 acupoints on the hands and feet") combined with neural mobilization intervention (a manual treatment method that directly applies force to some related nerve tissue through t
Open articleNeurology
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common neuropsychological complication in stroke survivors. While psychological interventions are promising non-pharmacological treatments, the most effective intervention type, as well as their mid- to long-term efficacy and effectiveness
Open articleNeurology
IV thrombolysis (IVT) is the standard-of-care evidence-based treatment of eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. Emerging evidence supports its use beyond this time window, leading to expanded recommendations for selected patients pr
Open articleNeurology
Early detection of cognitive impairment is essential for dementia prevention and timely care. However, implementation in primary care and community settings remains limited. Building dementia-prepared health systems requires scalable and adaptive pathways that integrate subjectiv
Open articleNeurology
Most people with multiple sclerosis (MS) present with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS); however, not all individuals with CIS are subsequently diagnosed with MS. A systematic literature review was conducted until December 2025. Observational studies of adults with CIS that we
Open articleNeurology
Multicentre randomised controlled trial. Eight spinal cord injury (SCI) centres and 15 rehabilitation centres in Germany. To demonstrate the superiority of neuromuscular feedback therapy using an exoskeleton compared to conventional therapy in terms of improving walking ability i
Open articleNeurology
Classic infantile Pompe disease is the most severe phenotype within the clinical spectrum of Pompe disease and is characterized by central nervous system (CNS) involvement. A systematic review on histopathological findings in classic infantile Pompe disease was conducted using Em
Open articleNeurology
Upper limb motor impairment is a major contributor to long-term disability after stroke. Mirror therapy (MT) promotes motor relearning through visuomotor feedback, whereas transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may facilitate neuroplasticity by modulating cortical excitab
Open articleNeurology
AbstractMorning Report is a time-honored tradition where physicians-in-training present cases to their colleagues and clinical experts to collaboratively examine an interesting patient presentation. The Morning Report section seeks to carry on this tradition by presenting a patie
Open articleNeurology
In patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC), behavioral assessment often underestimates awareness when motor output is absent or unreliable. Cognitive motor dissociation (CMD) refers to patients who appear unresponsive but demonstrate volitional brain responses during neuro
Open articleNeurology
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic treatment for migraine prevention in participants with patent foramen ovale (PFO). Investigator initiated, multicentre, prospective, randomised, active controlled, open label clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment and
Open articleNeurology
Study design Multicentre randomised controlled trial. Setting Eight spinal cord injury (SCI) centres and 15 rehabilitation centres in Germany. Objectives To demonstrate the superiority of neuromuscular feedback therapy using an exoskeleton compared to conventional therapy in term
Open articleNeurology
Objectives To explore the existing artificial intelligence (AI) tools used in the assessment and management of dysphagia. Design Scoping review. Data sources MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence Synthesis, ProQuest a
Open articleNeurology
Introduction Recurrent stroke prevention is important for people who have suffered a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), as they are at increased risk of having another stroke. Nevertheless, treatment adherence is often low. Therefore, the StrokeCompass project was initia
Open articleNeurology
Limb-girdle muscle dystrophy Type R9 (LGMDR9), also known as LGMD Type 2I, is a rare genetic disease caused by partial loss of function of fukutin-related protein (FKRP) enzyme which glycosylates alpha-dystroglycan, thereby stabilizing myocytes during contraction. Hypoglycosylati
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Laparoscopic surgery has become the mainstream approach for gynecological procedures. However, postoperative pain, particularly visceral pain, remains a major obstacle to achieving enhanced recovery after surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the clinical effects of opi
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
This paper aims to evaluate the effects of online pelvic floor muscle training on urinary incontinence frequency, symptom severity, quality of life and adherence across defined female life stages. Urinary incontinence is a significant public health issue affecting women's ph
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
This systematic review investigated the effect of protein intake on anthropometric and body composition markers in pre- to postmenopausal women. Understanding these effects may contribute to the development of nutritional strategies to improve body composition and prevent changes
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, often leads to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to systematically evaluate GDM prevalence and its associated factors in PCOS. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of S
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Richard Horton's Offline1 on the ten lessons for reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health is well judged, but misses the political economy trap that chronic resource scarcity itself creates and sustains.
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
In Singapore, cervical cancer screening rates remain suboptimal, with only clinician sampling included in the national screening program. Self-sampling human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing might overcome barriers to clinician-based screening and improve uptake. We assessed the
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Acute postprocedural pain remains a major barrier to uterine fibroid embolization (UFE). To assess whether intraarterial dexamethasone reduces postprocedural pain after UFE. This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted from July 2020 to December 2
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
After radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer, postoperative bladder dysfunction is common. This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether adjunctive transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) reduces urinary retention. A total of 108 patients were assigned to a c
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important global health problem, especially for pregnant women, a vulnerable group. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in this group to obtain cumulative results in a collective effort toward the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB S
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Age at menarche is a dynamic indicator of a female's health trajectories. Despite its relevance, the cohesive synthesis of its multifactorial determinants in South Asia is lacking, limiting the targeted public health strategies. This review examines the sociodemographic, nut
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Self-collection models are regarded as a potential strategy to facilitate HPV testing for cervical cancer screening. HPV testing using urine specimens offers certain advantages, including its noninvasiveness. This characteristic has the potential to eliminate discomfort. Concerns
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Dingjunsheng, a live Lactobacillus preparation, as adjuvant therapy in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection complicated by bacterial vaginosis (BV). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 152 eligible patien
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection that negatively affects women's psychological, social, and sexual well-being worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) counseling on sexual func
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are at a record high in the United States and are a significant health problem for childbearing women. Rates of substance use, particularly cannabis and opioid use, have increased in recent years and are linked to negative health consequence
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Cervical cancer and its precursor lesions are treatable if detected early; however, screening participation for high-risk human papillomavirus infections (hr-HPV) remains low. In 2021, Germany recorded 4,544 new cervical cancer cases and 2,071 related deaths. The HaSCo study eval
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Very few clinical studies have been done to evaluate the potential clinical benefit of utilizing early colposcopy in women with normal Pap smear cytology but positive for high-risk human papillomavirus types other than human papillomavirus 16 or human papillomavirus 18 in a scree
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) commonly presents as insulin resistance and altered lipid metabolism, with evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to its pathogenesis. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 120 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were assigne
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Clomiphene citrate (CC) is the first-line medication for inducing ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, approximately 20% of patients with PCOS are resistant to CC. This study aims to identify reliable baseline predictors of CC resistance in infertile
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is an effective option to prevent ovarian cancer in high-risk individuals, but adverse effects from premature menopause are a barrier to uptake. Interval salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy (ISDO) may be an effective alternative. To
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Background and objectives Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder during pregnancy and, if not managed adequately, increases the risk of adverse foeto-maternal outcomes. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence of hypothyro
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
This study evaluated the effectiveness of synchronous online simulation compared with face-to-face instruction in teaching episiotomy repair skills to midwifery students. It also assessed learning satisfaction and self-confidence. A randomized controlled study was conducted with
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Obese parturients are at increased risk of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension during cesarean delivery, but optimal prophylactic norepinephrine dosing remains unclear. In this randomized, double-blind, dose-response study, 200 parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Although reproductive vaccines are essential in swine herd health programs, evidence on their safety across different physiological stages remains limited. This study evaluated the clinical and reproductive safety of Porcilis® EPL in sows and gilts under commercial field conditio
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Women who experience assisted reproductive treatment failure may be at risk of developing sexual dysfunction. This study compared the effects of two different sexual counselling models, EX-PLISSIT and BETTER, on the sexual function of women after an unsuccessful assisted reproduc
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Selected patients with obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) and concomitant pelvic organ prolapse (POP) may require laparoscopic resection rectopexy (L-RRP) with laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (L-SCP). This trial compared the safety and efficacy of biologic versus synthetic mesh (BM
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is increasingly used to predict infant exposure to medications via breast milk. Existing guidance on reporting of PBPK modeling analyses is unstructured and nonbinding to researchers. We evaluated reporting practices and model
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Acupuncture, a common intervention in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely applied for regulating hormonal fluctuations in perimenopausal women. However, the efficacy of various acupuncture modalities is not comprehensively compared. This network meta-analysis (NMA
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
To systematically evaluate the evidence on the contraceptive efficacy, cycle control, safety, and selected noncontraceptive effects of estetrol 15 mg/drospirenone 3 mg (E4/DRSP) and to assess certainty of evidence by outcome using the GRADE approach. A systematic review was condu
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Chronic pain following Cesarean section significantly impacts quality of life. Postcesarean pain is often treated with pharmacologic therapies; however, there are no evidence-based guidelines available for refractory pain. The objective of this study is to determine if acupunctur
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Effective postoperative analgesia following cesarean delivery is crucial for maternal recovery. Sufentanil, commonly administered via patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA), is associated with dose-dependent adverse effects, particularly gastrointestinal disturbances. Ol
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
To the Editor Drs Alperin and Artsen provide a thoughtful and balanced review of cesarean delivery on maternal request, emphasizing maternal outcomes, pelvic floor considerations, and short-term neonatal risks. Their discussion highlights the importance of shared decision-making
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
In Reply We appreciate the thoughtful letter from Drs Bellanti and Li regarding the effect of cesarean delivery on maternal request on the infant microbiome and immunologic development. We agree that short- and long-term fetal and maternal risks must be carefully considered when
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
To investigate the efficacy of glycopyrronium bromide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing gynecological hysteroscopic day surgery. This study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. The non-inferiority margin wa
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is by far the most prevalent metabolic disease affecting women during their reproductive life. Obesity is a frequently associated manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome. Central body fat accumulation has been associated with the production o
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
OBJECTIVES: To (1) estimate the prevalence of pelvic floor symptoms in performing artists and artistic athletes and (2) quantify the impact of symptoms during and outside performance and training. DESIGN: Epidemiology systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: Six d
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, may improve metabolic health before conception. However, their association to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) after periconceptional or early pregnancy exposure remains unk
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
To evaluate whether adding milk of magnesia (MOM) to an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway prevents postoperative ileus (POI) and improves postoperative bowel function. This randomized controlled trial at the Gynecology Unit, Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) enrol
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
CTRI/2025/06/088470 (https://ctri.nic.in).
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Diabetes mellitus management requires considerable patient self-efficacy, knowledge, and support for social determinants of health. These needs become particularly acute during pregnancy. Mobile health (mHealth) tools are a promising approach to enhance patient engagement with th
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Background Lactational mastitis is a common inflammatory condition that can adversely affect maternal well-being and is associated with early cessation of breastfeeding. Although antibiotics and analgesics are widely used in clinical practice, concerns regarding antimicrobial res
Open articleObstetrics & Gynecology
Background Completing continuous maternity care (COCMC) is crucial for preventing morbidity and mortality, but a low proportion of mothers use it. There is a paucity of evidence about the level of COCMC and the associated factors in agro-pastoralist communities. Objective To iden
Open articleOncology
Taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is a common side effect of chemotherapy that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. This study evaluated the efficacy of professional acupuncture and self-care using press-tack needles for TIPN. In this multicenter random
Open articleOncology
peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and totally implantable ports (Ports) are used for chemotherapy administration. This study aimed to compare their morbidity, mortality, and complication rates. a prospective, randomised, comparative single-centre study with 6 months
Open articleOncology
The increasing incidence of cancer and the fact that the family is an important factor in cancer care; attention to the positive mental health of cancer patients should be sought to provide solutions to improve the mental health of these caregivers. The present study aimed to inv
Open articleOncology
People impacted by cancer may be confronted with conflicting and misleading cancer-related information that is everywhere in daily life. The Informed Health Choices-Cancer (IHC-C) programme was developed to equip participants with the skills and knowledge necessary to think criti
Open articleOncology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 427-439, July 30, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 517-518, July 30, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 503-505, July 30, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articleOncology
We read with interest the Article1 by Claudia Allemani and colleagues, which provides a landmark contribution to global cancer surveillance. Nevertheless, we have concerns regarding the representativeness of the Cancer Survival Index reported for Colombia: 72·7% for all cancers a
Open articleOncology
We welcome the comments from Oscar Ramirez and colleagues, regarding the hospital-based surveillance system (VIGICANCER1) that includes 55–60% of Colombian children diagnosed with cancer. As VIGICANCER is not a population-based cancer registry (PBCR), it was not invited to contri
Open articleOncology
The TORPEdO trial1 represents a landmark contribution to oropharyngeal cancer management, demonstrating similar late quality-of-life outcomes between intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). However, as head and neck surgeons involved
Open articleOncology
We thank Pietro De Luca and colleagues for their thoughtful letter and agree that surgical salvage after intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is an important and underexplored question.
Open articleOncology
We had just reviewed how the lymph node biopsy would be performed when I asked the study volunteer why he wanted to do it. Did he understand there would be no direct benefit, that the results were not going to improve his health? There were also risks involved, such as pain, blee
Open articleOncology
In contemporary management of patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, it is standard to switch therapies at tumour progression, defined by RECIST criteria in clinical trials, and by other measures (many, ironically, considered non-measurab
Open articleOncology
The recently reported SUPREMO trial evaluated chest wall radiotherapy after mastectomy in patients with intermediate-risk breast cancer. Although chest wall radiotherapy did not improve overall survival, local recurrence was reduced (hazard ratio [HR] 0·45 [95%CI 0·20 to 0·99]),
Open articleOncology
Randomised trials in rare cancers are scarce, and those that achieve adequate enrolment and methodological rigour warrant recognition. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma, which comprises only 5–10% of urothelial malignancies, presents unique challenges for trialists because of its
Open articleOncology
For patients with high-risk, BCG-unresponsive, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with carcinoma in situ, therapeutic decision making remains challenging. Radical cystectomy offers the most reliable oncological control, but at the cost of major surgery, urinary diversion, and las
Open articleOncology
Radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer remains a therapeutically challenging disease despite important advances over the last decade. Multi-kinase inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling have improved progression-fre
Open articleOncology
Preoperative fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiotherapy constituted the cornerstone in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer for more than two decades. Randomised trials established chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision surgery as a standard approach, i
Open articleOncology
Gastric cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality, and prognosis is particularly poor in individuals with peritoneal metastases.1,2 Although the integration of immunotherapy and targeted agents—such as trastuzumab or zolbetuximab—into systemic chemotherapy has improved sur
Open articleOncology
In a post-hoc analysis of the PACIFIC trial published in The Lancet Oncology, Leonardo Brunetti and colleagues1 found that baseline proton pump inhibitor and antibiotic use was associated with worse progression-free survival in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (
Open articleOncology
Ward and colleagues1 offer a sophisticated simulation of 17 cancer typesacross 200 countries. The authors’ projections of persistent survival disparities are likely correct in direction (ie, Africa and Asia have lowest survival, North America and Oceania have highest survival). H
Open articleOncology
We thank Atif Kamal for his engagement and agree that investment in population-based cancer registries is important, especially when data are scarce.
Open articleOncology
Varey AHR, Weitemeyer MB, Gjorup CA, Lo SN, Williams GJ, Thompson JF. Assessment of survival benefit from sentinel node biopsy for melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2026; 27: 452–60—In this Article, the PROSPERO registration number stated in the Summar
Open articleOncology
The 2026 G7 meeting of world leaders was held June 15–17 at Évian-les-Bains, Haute-Savoie, France, and hosted by President Emmanuel Macron of France. But among the usual high level political talks was a surprise announcement—a call to action on cancer. The leaders of the G7 natio
Open articleOncology
In June, 2026, a Working Group of 23 scientists from 13 countries met at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France, to finalise their evaluation of the carcinogenicity of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diisononyl phthalate
Open articleOncology
Although substantial progress against cancer has been made by the USA over the past several decades, cancer-related disparities remain a crucial public health challenge in the country, suggests the Cancer Disparities Progress Report 2026, released by the American Association for
Open articleOncology
South Africa's completion of its first imPACT Review has raised hopes that long-standing gaps in cancer care could be translated into a new national cancer control plan, but clinicians and advocates caution that its value depends on whether it leads to funded implementation
Open articleOncology
The expansion of colorectal cancer screening in Ontario, Canada, has coincided with new evidence showing that registered First Nations people experience higher colon cancer incidence at younger ages and poorer survival after breast, cervical, and colon cancer diagnoses than other
Open articleOncology
Effective cancer control depends on the coordinated functioning of multiple interlocking systems, including regulation, workforce planning, research collaboration, supply chains, and clinical infrastructure. Disruption in any of these can have downstream consequences for cancer o
Open articleOncology
Trastuzumab rezetecan improved progression-free survival versus pyrotinib plus capecitabine and showed a distinct safety profile in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, presenting as a potential new treatment option.
Open articleOncology
Switching to camizestrant plus CDK4/6 inhibitor at ESR1 mutation emergence, versus continuing aromatase inhibitor plus CDK4/6 inhibitor, resulted in sustained progression-free survival benefit that translated into a statistically significant improvement in second progression-free
Open articleOncology
The 5-year QOL findings showed worse chest wall toxicity and no effect on other QOL domains. The subgroup analyses suggested a potential negative effect of chemotherapy and axillary clearance after sentinel node biopsy.
Open articleOncology
A single, postoperative pirarubicin instillation after radical nephroureterectomy is an efficacious treatment with manageable adverse events to reduce recurrence in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Open articleOncology
Cretostimogene showed clinically meaningful anti-tumour response, with an adverse event profile characterised predominantly by low-grade, transient events. Cretostimogene shows promise as an innovative bladder-sparing treatment for high-risk, BCG-unresponsive, non-muscle-invasive
Open articleOncology
In previously-treated patients with locally advanced or metastatic, radioactive iodine-refractory BRAFV600E-positive differentiated thyroid cancer, dabrafenib plus trametinib showed significant benefits for progression-free survival and overall response rate, with no new safety s
Open articleOncology
For MRI-defined, high-risk, locally advanced rectal cancer, the addition of irinotecan to standard of care did not improve outcomes and should not be used in combination with radiotherapy plus capecitabine.
Open articleOncology
In patients with dMMR or MSI-H locally advanced colorectal cancer, neoadjuvant toripalimab plus celecoxib significantly increased the proportion of patients attaining pathological complete response compared with toripalimab monotherapy, with a similar safety profile. These findin
Open articleOncology
Gastrectomy with cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC provided no survival benefit in patients with gastric cancer and limited peritoneal metastases compared with systemic therapy alone.
Open articleOncology
Baseline exposure to proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics was associated with inferior outcomes with durvalumab, but not with placebo, consistent with potential attenuation of the benefit of durvalumab with proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics in patients with unresectable st
Open articleOncology
A new drug for pancreatic cancer set ASCO abuzz this May, uniting the plenary hall in standing ovation—in a phase 3 trial, the RAS inhibitor daraxonrasib nearly doubled overall survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC). Pancreatic cancer is a l
Open articleOncology
Daraxonrasib—an oral RAS(ON) multiselective inhibitor—significantly improves survival compared with standard chemotherapy in patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, according to the phase 3 RASolute 302 trial. Eileen M O’Reilly and colleagues
Open articleOncology
The addition of ipilimumab to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab did not show any benefit in patients with previously untreated, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. These results do not support the addition of low-dose (1 mg/kg) ipilimumab to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as a firs
Open articleOncology
Bladder cancer (LABC) after radical cystectomy (RC) is common, even with chemotherapy, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effect and efficacy of adjuvant sandwich chemotherapy plus radiotherapy versus adjuvant chemot
Open articleOncology
Many older adults with cancer have at least one comorbidity. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common comorbidity among patients with prostate cancer (PC) and represents an important consideration in this population. Comorbid T2DM can negatively impact cancer-specific outcome
Open articleOncology
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on chemotherapy tolerance and long-term survival outcomes in postoperative colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study was a secondary analysis based on a ran
Open articleOncology
Patients with malignancy often have a poor prognosis and dismal quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate whether a combined nutrition, exercise, and psychological intervention could improve these outcomes. In an open-label, randomized controlled trial at the First Hospital o
Open articleOncology
The SUPREMO trial reported adjuvant chest wall radiotherapy had no effect on 10-year overall survival (primary endpoint) in patients with intermediate-risk breast cancer after mastectomy. The quality of life (QOL) substudy of SUPREMO (UK patients only) examines the effects of che
Open articleOncology
Locally advanced rectal cancer is routinely treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Concomitant systemic anticancer therapy with standard fluoropyrimidines has not generally improved outcomes. Small studies reported high pathological complete response rates and acceptable toxicity
Open articleOncology
Active surveillance is noninferior to standard surgery for 2-year survival and improves short-term health-related quality of life among patients with a complete clinical response (CCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for esophageal cancer. Although active surveillance
Open articleOncology
Talazoparib plus enzalutamide improved overall survival (OS) in the biomarker-unselected TALAPRO-2 population, but OS benefit was not statistically significant in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) non-deficient or unknown subgroup, whereas radiographic progression-free su
Open articleOncology
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is frequently delayed in resource-limited settings due to restricted access to radiotherapy. Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), which starts with chemotherapy, may offer a practical alternative. This ran
Open articleOncology
This study aimed to develop a dynamic-static combined Neiyanggong intervention for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and to evaluate its effectiveness in alleviating cancer-related fatigue, with sleep quality assessed as a secondary outcome. A single-center, parallel
Open articleOncology
Immune checkpoint blockade is minimally active in unselected castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and does not reproducibly yield durable decreases in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The Quick Efficacy Seeking Trial was designed to employ a combination of agents to
Open articleOncology
Background: Short-course radiotherapy (SCRT)-based total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is used for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, the pathological complete response (pCR) rate still hovers around 30%. Radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to e
Open articleOncology
Current European expert consensus definitions for esophagogastric oligometastatic disease (OMD) primarily relate to adenocarcinoma. Oligometastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OMESQ) may require a distinct definition and treatment strategy. This systematic review and meta
Open articleOncology
To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of a prostate cancer screening model incorporating total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) in a Chinese population. Between May 2024 and May 2025, 2 251 men aged 50 years or older fr
Open articleOncology
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. Treatment options for mCRPC typically include chemotherapy and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstr
Open articleOncology
The modest neoadjuvant response in early-stage HR+/HER2- breast cancer necessitates novel treatment intensification strategies. While radiotherapy can enhance systemic efficacy via immune modulation, the optimal fractionation for integration with immunochemotherapy remains unknow
Open articleOncology
Weight gain during prostate cancer treatment can worsen treatment-related side effects, impair quality of life, and increase risks of recurrence and prostate cancer-specific mortality. The Prostate Cancer Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP), a comprehensive, home-based 6-month d
Open articleOncology
Siglec-15 has emerged as a novel immune checkpoint molecule and a potential therapeutic target in solid tumors. Previous studies reported inconsistent prognostic significance of tumoral Siglec-15 expression across cancer types. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-
Open articleOncology
This systematic review with functional meta-synthesis and exploratory meta-analysis evaluated the clinical utility of molecular testing in ameloblastoma, focusing on diagnostic, genotype-phenotype, prognostic, liquid-biopsy, and precision-therapy implications. PubMed/MEDLINE, Sco
Open articleOncology
KRAS mutations are common in colorectal cancer, but the impact of KRAS mutation subtypes on treatment response remains poorly understood. This research aimed to investigate whether different KRAS mutations influence pathological complete response (pCR) rates after neoadjuvant che
Open articleOncology
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with a high risk of early central nervous system dissemination and poor outcomes after brain metastasis (BM). This systematic review summarizes current evidence on incidence, treatment strategies, outcome
Open articleOncology
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasingly prevalent and accounts for 22-70% of HNSCCs depending on the region. Although prophylactic HPV vaccines were approved in the early 2000s to prevent HPV infection and oncogenesis, t
Open articleOncology
To investigate the benefits of listening to pre-bedtime music on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness for family caregivers of palliative care patients at home. Multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial. Seventy-six caregivers were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 3
Open articleOncology
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown promise in overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in early-phase cancer trials. We investigated the safety, feasibility and efficacy of FMT from ICI responders to patients with advanced cancers progressing on
Open articleOncology
Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCT) are rare, locally aggressive neoplasms causing pain, stiffness, swelling, limited range of motion, and joint degeneration, which can be debilitating. Therapeutic options include surgery or systemic therapy with colony-stimulating factor 1 rec
Open articleOncology
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse group of lymphoproliferative malignancies that predominantly affects older adults. Chemotherapy remains the primary modality of treatment for many NHL subtypes, yet it often brings about adverse effects such as myelosuppression, anem
Open articleOncology
The Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry Study is a phase II basket trial evaluating the antitumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in patients with advanced cancer and genomic alterations. Results of a cohort of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) wi
Open articleOncology
Adherence to oral anticancer medications (OAMs) is critical for clinical outcomes in breast cancer (BC), yet assessment methods lack standardization. The goal is to evaluate OAMs adherence in BC patients utilizing the most common adherence assessment methods on the same populatio
Open articleOncology
Cancer cells counteract oxidative stress through upregulation of antioxidant networks. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3), a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, regulates reactive oxygen species homeostasis and promotes tumor cell survival. The natural compound thiostrepton (TS) covalently inh
Open articleOncology
This study aimed to determine the effect of listening to music during chemotherapy sessions on depression, anxiety, stress, and treatment-related symptoms. A randomised controlled trial was conducted between June and September 2023 with stable, non-metastatic patients receiving o
Open articleOncology
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors have emerged as promising agents for patients with resectable ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whether ensartinib, a second-generation ALK inhibitor, is safe and effective in such patients is unknown. In this phase 3, do
Open articleOncology
Tetraspanin CD37, highly expressed in mature B-cells, represents an opportunity for therapeutic targeting in B-cell malignancies. GEN3009 (DuoHexaBody-CD37), a humanized biparatopic IgG1 antibody with an E430G hexamerization-enhancing mutation targeting two non-overlapping CD37 e
Open articleOncology
Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) and constipation (CIC) are prevalent, distressing symptoms that can adversely affect nutritional status and treatment tolerance. Evidence for non-pharmacological management remains limited, particularly in low-resource settings. This pilot rand
Open articleOncology
The Belgian Precision initiative aims to implement tumor-agnostic next-generation sequencing (NGS) in patients with advanced cancer and expand genotype-matching drug availability. The present investigator-driven trial aimed to study the efficacy of afatinib in patients with advan
Open articleOncology
Paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer, but its use is often limited by cumulative toxicities linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. This study investigated whether Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) could mitigate paclitaxel-induced adverse even
Open articleOncology
Peptide receptor radionuclide and targeted therapy are both approved treatment options for patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP NETs), but clinical evidence for preferred sequencing is scarce. The COMPETE trial evaluated the efficacy and har
Open articleOncology
Dostarlimab+carboplatin-paclitaxel followed by dostarlimab maintenance demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful benefits in progression-free and overall survival in the overall population of primary advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer versus chemotherapy
Open articleOncology
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) of gastric cancer (GC) is frequently resistant to systemic chemotherapy, which leads to a poor prognosis. This study was designed to compare the safety and tolerability of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with recombinant mutant human t
Open articleOncology
Adjuvant pembrolizumab improves disease-free and overall survival among patients with resected clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. The hypoxia-inducible factor 2α inhibitor belzutifan has activity in advanced disease. Adjuvant pembrolizumab with belzutifan may further improve outcom
Open articleOncology
Here we report long-term outcomes of adjuvant metronomic capecitabine in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, randomized, controlled, phase 3 trial, 406 patients who had completed definitive chemoradiothe
Open articleOncology
Brain metastases in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently contribute to treatment failure. This phase II study aims to evaluate furmonertinib (160 mg daily) in 40 untreated patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC and central nervous
Open articleOncology
Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is an ultra-rare sarcoma with no established standard systemic therapy of proven efficacy. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) overexpression drives CCS progression and serves as a promising therapeutic target. Vebreltinib is a highly selective
Open articleOncology
Background: SYHX2011 is a novel albumin-bound paclitaxel, in which most nonparticulate human albumin is replaced with mannitol and sucrose. This study aimed to compare SYHX2011 and paclitaxel for injection (albumin-bound) (PAB) in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Patients wi
Open articleOncology
Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a prevalent neurotoxicity in patients with breast cancer (BC), leading to cognitive decline and reduced quality of life. Exercise is recommended as a potential strategy to mitigate CRCI; however, optimal exercise modalities and
Open articleOncology
Premenopausal women receiving combination endocrine therapy often experience substantial declines in quality of life (QOL), cognitive functioning, and treatment adherence. The MyChoice study evaluated whether individualized behavioral and complementary interventions could help ma
Open articleOncology
It is controversial whether monotherapy with immunotherapeutics is effective in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated immunotherapy monotherapy as an initial neoadjuvant strategy. This prospective, single-arm, phase II trial of an adaptive neoadjuvant strategy
Open articleOncology
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is a potent immunogenic cell death inducer, allowing for improved tumor-immune recognition and T-cell activation. We report a phase Ib study of combined PLD and pembrolizumab (PEM) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth fac
Open articleOncology
Microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC), which accounts for approximately 85% of cases annually, has demonstrated limited responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade in the metastatic setting. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) enables sensitive detection of minimal resid
Open articleOncology
Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are largely identified retrospectively, but their prospective clinical utility remains unproven. Here, we report DUTRENEO, a prospective randomized phase 2 trial testing whether a retrospectively validated 18-gene bulk
Open articleOncology
The clinical efficacies of third- or later-line therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) are extremely limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell targeting guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) that was
Open articleOncology
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunologically cold brain tumor with poor outcome, characterized by a myeloid-driven immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here we report an interim analysis of a first-in-human phase 1/2a dose-escalation study evaluating Temferon-a genetically engineered
Open articleOncology
For patients with clinical stage III melanoma, a potentially surgically curable disease, neoadjuvant immunotherapy improves event-free survival. Substantial pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in the affected nodal basin have raised interest in response-directed care includi
Open articleOncology
Preoperative immuno-chemotherapy improves outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer, but associated imaging response patterns remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to describe a novel MRI phenomenon, tumor flare-like response (TFLR), and evaluate its association with path
Open articleOncology
The appropriateness of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) for older or clinically vulnerable stage III unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains contentious. Furthermore, the survival implications of de-escalating thoracic radiotherapy (RT) intensity in th
Open articleOncology
Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (CPI) for BRAF mutant advanced melanoma first-line results in a better long-term survival compared to targeted therapy (TT), however TT induction may benefit poor prognosis groups. The parallel-arm, randomised phase II, multicentre, feasibility
Open articleOncology
BACKGROUNDMinimally invasive biomarkers predicting the immunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain an unmet clinical need.METHODSIn a prospective, multi-institutional phase II trial, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 185 longitudinal plasm
Open articleOncology
Docetaxel plus ramucirumab is a standard second-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Prior immunotherapy has been suggested to potentially affect the efficacy of subsequent docetaxel plus ramucirumab, but prospective evidence is limited. This multicente
Open articleOncology
We previously reported results from a randomized phase 2 trial evaluating a DNA vaccine (pTVG-HP) encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) versus placebo (GM-CSF vaccine adjuvant alone) in patients with PSA-recurrent, nonmetastatic, noncastrate prostate cancer (NCT01341652). The
Open articleOncology
Selecting appropriate anesthetic agents and techniques that ensure hemodynamic stability and attenuate perioperative stress responses is crucial for ovarian cancer surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of etomidate combined with transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB
Open articleOncology
The clinical efficacy and immune modulation of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain uncertain. To clarify these effects, the NAIVE trial (NCT04815408), a prospective phase II study, evaluated the efficacy of neoadjuvant platinum-based chemothe
Open articleOncology
In line with current guidelines, risk stratification in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has shifted from simple diameter-based assessments to evaluation of individual tumor biology. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how baseline clinical and molecular risk factor
Open articleOncology
Several RET-targeted agents, including highly selective RET inhibitors (SRIs) and multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs), have been approved for the treatment of advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Despite these agents targeting the same pathway, direct comparative data is lacking.
Open articleOncology
The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), a composite biomarker integrating neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocyte counts, has been increasingly investigated in thyroid cancer. However, its diagnostic accuracy and association with lymph node metastasis (LNM) remain uncertain. T
Open articleOncology
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have demonstrated clinical benefit in early-stage breast cancer (eBC), enhancing antitumor immune responses. However, their incorporation into perioperative polychemotherapy has introduced new concerns regarding sa
Open articleOncology
Ectopic thyroid carcinoma (ETC) is a rare malignancy for which standardized treatment guidelines remain unavailable. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively characterize the clinical features, treatment patterns, outcomes, and prognostic factors of ETC using the largest c
Open articleOncology
To systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and fine-needle aspirate calcitonin (FNA-CT) measurement in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). This study has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews
Open articleOncology
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is traditionally treated with total thyroidectomy (TT); however, hemithyroidectomy (HT) has been increasingly used. Previous analyses on DTC recurrence rate with HT and TT have yielded inconsistent results; this study aimed to bridge this ga
Open articleOncology
This study aimed to identify the clinical and sociodemographic risk factors and compare cancer stage, treatment, and survival outcomes associated with ovarian cancer diagnosed following an emergency presentation versus other routes. A systematic search of Embase and MEDLINE was c
Open articleOncology
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common nonskin cancer among men. Although treatments achieve excellent survival for localized PCa, long-lasting complications significantly diminish patients' quality of life (QOL) across physical, sexual, psychosocial, and general symptom d
Open articleOncology
The purpose of this trial was to assess the feasibility, acceptability and safety of a 10-week hybrid (in-clinic and virtual) resistance exercise training RET program with or without CrM in individuals treated for colorectal cancer. Twenty-seven participants were randomized to RE
Open articleOncology
The optimal radiation dose for definitive chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial, particularly whether dose escalation can overcome treatment resistance. We previously reported that escalation to 60 Gy in
Open articleOncology
Second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) typically involves oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based doublet chemotherapy with or without anti-angiogenic antibodies. Triplet regimens such as FOLFOXIRI have demonstrated synergy and improved efficacy as first-line ther
Open articleOncology
This protocol describes a randomized, open-label, assessor-blinded clinical workflow for evaluating modified San'ao Decoction and Erchen Decoction combined with camrelizumab and anlotinib in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma presenting with esophageal
Open articleOncology
This study aimed to refine estimates of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab (Len/Pembro) efficacy in East Asian patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) in the CLEAR trial using Bayesian borrowing from Western Europe and North America (WENA), and to assess safety while preser
Open articleOncology
IntroductionThere is currently no biomarker for progression-free survival (PFS) for patients undergoing treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The aim of our study was to evaluate computed tomography perfusion (CTp) blood flow as an early marker of PFS in patients w
Open articleOncology
Prediction models for postoperative recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have increased substantially in recent years. However, recurrence outcomes are inconsistently defined across studies, particularly with respect to structural and biochemical recurrence, and the qu
Open articleOncology
Glucuronide prodrug strategies may enhance target specificity and reduce the toxicity of PARP inhibitors, but no clinical evaluation has been performed. We evaluated TSL-1502, a novel glucuronide prodrug of a PARP inhibitor, in a randomized, open-label, phase 2 study at 28 sites
Open articleOncology
The objective of this study is to explore effects on self-reported fatigue at 4 weeks and 12 months after surgery in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing a pre- and postoperative exercise intervention compared to standard care in a randomized trial. Fatigue after cancer sur
Open articleOncology
Post-treatment colorectal cancer patients commonly experience cancer-related fatigue (CRF), yet few interventions address this concern. To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a psycho-behavioural intervention on CRF and other health outcomes in this
Open articleOncology
Fatigue is a common debilitating symptom of breast cancer (BC), and its treatment may result in a significant symptom burden and affect adherence to treatment. Graded exercise therapy (GET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have separately been shown in previous studies to b
Open articleOncology
Post-mortem tissue donation (PTD) is increasingly recognised as an important resource for advancing cancer research. Developing effective recruitment strategies for PTD programs requires a thorough understanding of interest-holder perspectives, which remain insufficiently explore
Open articleOncology
Population pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure-response analyses were performed to characterize the PK and exposure-response relationships of vepdegestrant, a first-in-class, oral PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimera estrogen receptor degrader. Population PK and exposure-response analyses
Open articleOncology
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that impairs the quality of life and occurs with high frequency in older men. Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men, characterized by high mortality rates. The aim of the study was to systematize data on th
Open articleOncology
In the Original Investigation titled “Hospital Adoption and Pricing for Oncology Biosimilars” published online March 11, 2026, how Medicare marks up acquisition of oncology biosimilars compared with biologics was adjusted in the article’s Discussion section. This was corrected on
Open articleOncology
To the Editor We wish to express several concerns regarding the article on hospital adoption and pricing for oncology biosimilars. First, we disagree with the statement that “Medicare bases its reimbursement for biosimilars on the high acquisition price for the biologic, not the
Open articleOncology
In Reply I thank Drs Jensen and Tichy for the opportunity to respond to the comments on our article on hospital adoption and pricing for oncology biosimilars. Their comments are factually correct and add insight into the complex process of drug payment and strengthen the core mes
Open articleOncology
To evaluate whether oral cryotherapy (OC) using ice-cold saline reduces the incidence and severity of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX)-induced oral mucositis (OM) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This single-center, open-label, parallel-group randomized control
Open articleOncology
Docetaxel (DTX) is commonly employed in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) following failure of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs). However, the impact of prior ARSI treatment on the efficacy of subsequent DTX therapy remains unclear. This study
Open articleOncology
To evaluate the effect of Bach Flower Remedies Therapy on the hope and quality of life of people with advanced cancer. Randomized, triple-blind (1:1) clinical trial in a high-complexity public hospital in the Southern region of Brazil. Ninety-nine participants were allocated to e
Open articleOncology
The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a central factor in carcinogenesis. Dietary components and therapeutic interventions, including probiotics, may influence microbial composition and function, thereby modulating cancer risk. Del-Immune V, a metabiotic supplement der
Open articleOncology
Objective: To investigate the effects of early postoperative enteral nutrition on nutritional status, immune function, and postoperative recovery in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: A total of 90 breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant thera
Open articleOncology
This study systematically evaluates the impact of the initiation time of postoperative chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer, providing evidence to guide clinical decisions on chemotherapy timing. Following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, PubMed, E
Open articleOncology
This study aims to assess the dose-response relationship between different exercise modalities and sleep quality in breast cancer survivors who have completed their primary treatment, and to propose evidence-based exercise prescriptions for clinical practice. Bayesian network and
Open articleOncology
Introduction Breast cancer survivors (BCS) often experience side effects such as the fatigue, sleep disturbance and depression symptom cluster (FSDSC). Previous studies have demonstrated the potential efficacy of Tai Chi (TC) for improving FSDSC in BCS in a hospital setting in Ch
Open articleOncology
Objectives To investigate the association between exposure to specific endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), air pollutants and the risk of localised prostate cancer (PCa) and to evaluate the combined effect of mixed EDC exposures. Design A case–control study. Setting Secondary
Open articleOphthalmology
Regional differences exist in antimicrobial resistance for some clinically relevant drug–pathogen combinations. A standardised reporting template would reduce heterogeneity and facilitate future research.
Open articleOphthalmology
To compare short-term visual functions changes in myopic children who had worn the defocus incorporated multiple segment (DIMS), DIMS with triple enhanced design (DIMS TED), and single-vision (SV) spectacle lenses. Thirty-eight Chinese children (six to 13 years) with spherical eq
Open articleOphthalmology
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel silicone hydrogel multifocal soft contact lens for presbyopia correction, and to verify its non-inferiority compared with a conventional hydrogel multifocal contact lens. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, open-l
Open articleOphthalmology
The UK STAR trial [Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD)] compared 16-Gray SRT (n = 274) with double-masked sham SRT (n = 137) in participants with chronic active nAMD. SRT reduced intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth fac
Open articleOphthalmology
To evaluate the safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of biosimilar aflibercept (MYL-1701P) in participants with diabetic macular oedema who completed the 52-week global phase III trial and were enrolled in an extension study. In a 20-week, multicentre, open-label extension study a
Open articleOphthalmology
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) have been implicated in its pathogenesis, but individual study results remain inconsistent. However, existing findings on IL-6 and IL
Open articleOphthalmology
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an acute injury to the optic nerve caused by direct or indirect trauma, often resulting in vision loss. Endoscopic transsphenoidal optic nerve decompression (EOND) is a minimally invasive technique designed to relieve pressure on the optic nerv
Open articleOphthalmology
To compare safety and efficacy of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) - OphteisBio 3.0 (Rayner) and Healon Endocoat (J&J Vision) in phacoemulsification cataract removal surgery. In this prospective subject/evaluator-masked post-market randomized study patients undergoing
Open articleOrthopedics
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether adding psychologically informed education (PIE) videos to usual care physical therapy (PT) improved function (primary outcome) and pain-related beliefs, pain intensity, and physical activity (secondary outcomes) in adolescents with atraumatic leg pain
Open articleOrthopedics
Local cryotherapy is widely used to support recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage, but the optimal timing of cold application remains unclear. This study evaluated whether immediate or delayed local cooling influences recovery from exercise-induced muscle fatigue. Forty-e
Open articleOrthopedics
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and peri-implant bone formation of augmenting a proximal femoral nail (PFN) helical blade with a calcium sulfate/hydroxyapatite (CaS/HA) biomaterial combined with systemic zoledronic acid (ZA). This single-center, two-arm, para
Open articleOrthopedics
This study aims to compare the efficacy of conventional rehabilitation alone, conventional rehabilitation combined with balance acupuncture (BA) and conventional rehabilitation plus BA and unconscious proprioception training in chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients. This singl
Open articleOrthopedics
In this meta-analysis, we discuss the clinical efficacy of closed reduction with in situ fixation for valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures (VIFNFs) by contrasting postoperative functional recovery and complication profiles. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed,
Open articleOrthopedics
Evidence on prophylactic interventions to prevent heterotopic ossification (HO) around the knee is scarce. We conducted a scoping review to map reported indications, interventions, and outcome reporting. We followed a prospectively developed protocol and searched four major datab
Open articleOrthopedics
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a commonly performed procedure aimed at restoring knee stability and function following ligament injury. Although hamstring tendon (HT) autografts are widely used, concerns regarding donor-site morbidity and graft-related limita
Open articleOrthopedics
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and interspinous stabilization (ISS) are both used to treat lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), but their comparative effectiveness and safety remain debated. Evidence comparing these approaches has evolved with the introduction of newer ISS dev
Open articleOrthopedics
This study investigated the effects of different velocity loss (VL) thresholds during squat exercise at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) on post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in basketball players. Nineteen male collegiate basketball players completed three familia
Open articleOrthopedics
Despite the relevance of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) dosimetry, it is unclear whether increasing the self-reported tolerated amplitude enhances acute neuromuscular responses. To investigate the acute effects of varying NMES amplitude and type of induced contractio
Open articleOrthopedics
Meniscal tears are a common cause of knee morbidity and a frequent indication for arthroscopy. Whether clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or both should be the first-line diagnostic test remains contested. We searched PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Medline, and Web
Open articleOrthopedics
Existing guidelines for the management of atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) recommend occipitocervical fusion (OCF) for these low frequency, high-consequence injuries. Recent literature has questioned this guidance and provided case examples of successful non-operative manageme
Open articleOrthopedics
To examine the effectiveness of virtual reality-assisted neuromuscular training interventions on agility performance and injury prevention indicators in basketball athletes compared to conventional training approaches. A 12-week controlled laboratory experiment was conducted with
Open articleOrthopedics
This study aims to assess the efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) under spinal anesthesia. In this randomized-controlled trial, a total of 30 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists
Open articleOrthopedics
This randomized controlled trial examined whether augmenting traditional Baduanjin (BDJ) exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) enhances quadriceps muscle function and postural stability in sedentary young men. A total of 38 participants were randomly assigned to either BDJ o
Open articleOrthopedics
Lumbar canal stenosis is a common degenerative disorder that causes pain and functional alterations. Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are often used to treat the symptoms of this condition; however, treatment protocols can vary significantly, and no standardized practice for th
Open articleOrthopedics
Shoulder pain is frequently treated with corticosteroid injections administered via ultrasound-guided (USG) or landmark-guided (LMG) approaches. Despite the widespread use of these injections, consensus on their comparative efficacy is lacking due to conflicting results reported
Open articleOrthopedics
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a major global health challenge. While nonpharmacological therapies are recommended, patient compliance is often hindered by kinesiophobia. Virtual reality (VR) offers an immersive, distraction-based approach, but the comparative effectiveness of d
Open articleOrthopedics
Guided exercise is central to rehabilitation for chronic nonspecific low back pain. Telerehabilitation enables remote delivery of guided exercise, but its effectiveness vs other rehabilitation modalities remains uncertain. This review systematically assessed the comparative effic
Open articleOrthopedics
Fear of movement is a significant psychological factor in musculoskeletal disorders and can negatively affect clinical outcomes. Several assessment tools are currently available to measure fear of movement. This systematic review aimed to analyze and compare the psychometric prop
Open articleOrthopedics
For patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), telerehabilitation (TR) has been suggested as an alternative to conventional rehabilitation. However, evidence from pragmatic trials comparing TR with routine clinical rehabilitation is still limited. To investigate whether TR is no
Open articleOrthopedics
The aim of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of nurse-led preoperative education in reducing kinesiophobia and improving mobilization indicators among older adult patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. This randomized controlled study was conducted with a total of 120
Open articleOrthopedics
Anterior shoulder instability is a common condition, frequently seen in young and active individuals. For patients with critical glenoid bone defects (≥15%), Bankart repair has limited effectiveness and bony augmentation surgery is often required. However, traditional bone grafts
Open articleOrthopedics
This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of dynamic stretching (DS) combined with different blood flow restriction (BFR) pressures on explosive performance in healthy young males, and to examine whether these effects differed across estimated arterial occlusion pressure
Open articleOrthopedics
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of oliceridine versus hydromorphone for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) following lower limb fracture surgery. A total of 126 adult patients scheduled for lower limb fracture surgery were enrolled and randomly as
Open articleOrthopedics
Postoperative delirium is a prevalent complication in elderly surgical patients and is associated with adverse outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization and long-term cognitive impairment. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has pharmacological
Open articleOrthopedics
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is complicated by high failure rates in young, active individuals, which is associated with worse outcomes and higher rates of osteoarthritis (OA). Failure of ACLR limits activity, reduces quality of life and substantially increase
Open articleOrthopedics
Background and Objectives: Ultrasound-guided sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks are widely used as analgesic alternatives for multimodal analgesia. However, how to objectively quantify the opioid- and anaesthetic-sparing effects of an additional peripheral nerve block in patients
Open articleOrthopedics
Background and Objectives: The method of femoral canal opening during intramedullary fixation may influence the biological response to surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the early biological responses associated with mechanical canal opening and manual canal opening du
Open articleOrthopedics
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a major cause of chronic neck pain, with tissue ischemia implicated as a contributing factor. This prospective, single-arm interventional study evaluated the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided fascia hydrorelease (US-FHR) performed around arte
Open articleOrthopedics
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of adding non-immersive virtual reality-based exercise to a conventional rehabilitation program for pain, functionality, balance, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This randomized controlled clinic
Open articleOrthopedics
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a prevalent spinal deformity that impairs physical function and quality of life. While supervised exercise is recommended for moderate cases, its effectiveness remains debated. This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of exercise therapy on
Open articleOrthopedics
The mechanistic rationale for treating the foot in anterior knee pain (AKP) is well established in the biomechanics literature; however, translating it into a clinically actionable evidence-supported rehabilitation protocol has proven difficult. This investigation pursued two aim
Open articleOrthopedics
Evidence suggests that both intravenous and intraoperative topical application of magnesium sulfate can improve pain management after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the optimal method of magnesium sulfate administration remains unclear, and no studies have evaluated the
Open articleOrthopedics
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal condition linked to aberrant joint loading, pain, and reduced function. While effective rehabilitation should target both local knee problems and the entire kinetic chain, direct comparisons between proximal (core stability) an
Open articleOrthopedics
While trunk strength training is well established in marksmanship sports, it is not known whether unstable or stable training regimes are more effective in air pistol athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether unstable trunk core strength training (UTCST) elicited
Open articleOrthopedics
Forward head posture (FHP), considered a neuromusculoskeletal disorder, includes those associated with breastfeeding. Pilates is recognized for improving posture, flexibility, and core strength. To investigate the effect of Pilates on craniovertebral angle (CVA), cervical spine m
Open articleOrthopedics
OBJECTIVE: The primary aim was to quantify changes in structural and functional nerve parameters following carpal tunnel release. The secondary aims were to describe recovery trajectories and describe the regenerative capacity of the median nerve. DESIGN: Prognosis systematic rev
Open articleOrthopedics
Obesity and diabetes are risk factors for developing osteoarthritis and associated with worse outcomes following total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1as) improve glycaemic control and promote weight loss. The aim of th
Open articleOrthopedics
Uphill running is widely used in athletic training to improve lower-limb strength, jumping performance, running ability, and aerobic capacity. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported inconsistent findings, and no prior review has focused exclusively on uphill r
Open articleOrthopedics
This pilot study explored the safety and efficacy of invasive laser acupuncture (ILA) using two wavelengths (650 and 830 nm) compared with a sham laser in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This randomized, parallel-arm, patient- and outcome assessor-blinded, placebo-contro
Open articleOrthopedics
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to compare clinical and radiological outcomes of cemented acetabular component in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients aged under 60 years with and without autologous impaction bone grafting (IBG). A single-centre, triple-b
Open articlePediatrics
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articlePediatrics
Addressing the persistent increase in rates of overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity in children and adolescents living in the WHO Americas Region, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the Organization of American States (OAS; Washington, DC, USA) have released
Open articlePediatrics
Neonatal sepsis remains one of the most pressing public health challenges in Africa, threatening progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goal target 3.2 of reducing neonatal mortality to 12 deaths or less per 1000 livebirths. Beyond the well recognised barriers to diagnos
Open articlePediatrics
Childhood and adolescent obesity is increasingly understood as a heterogeneous condition in which excess adiposity may be accompanied by distinct cardiometabolic phenotypes. Metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity have become important concepts for risk
Open articlePediatrics
To systematically review educational interventions for staff working on acute paediatric wards aimed at improving the care of children and young people (CYP) admitted for mental health support. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, The Education Resources Information Centre
Open articlePediatrics
Hypospadias repair is associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain in children. Caudal epidural block is traditionally considered the standard regional anesthetic technique for sub-umbilical pediatric surgeries; however, its duration of analgesia and potential adverse ef
Open articlePediatrics
Child sexual abuse and exploitation (CSAE) are pervasive problems that significantly affect the health of children and adolescents. This paper presents the results of a cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) evaluating a school-based intervention designed to prevent CSAE in B
Open articlePediatrics
Infancy represents a critical period for growth and development, during which the gut microbiota and its metabolites play essential roles in nutrient absorption and maintaining health. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the safety and gut microbiota-modulating eff
Open articlePediatrics
To summarize the evidence on the global experience of dental caries among Indigenous children and adolescents worldwide using decayed, missing, and filled teeth indices for deciduous (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentitions. A systematic review of the PubMed, SciELO, Embase, and Sc
Open articlePediatrics
This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted with 82 kindergarten students who were at or below the 50th percentile in letter sound fluency. Students were randomly assigned to a control group (business as usual) or an intervention group where students engaged in letter
Open articlePediatrics
Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by wheezing, imposes a substantial global health burden on children. Given the potential of early-life omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFA) supplementation as an anti-inflammatory intervention to prevent chi
Open articlePediatrics
Snakebite envenomation is a neglected tropical disease that disproportionately affects children in low- and middle-income countries. Pediatric patients are uniquely vulnerable due to smaller body mass, increased venom-to-body-weight ratios, and behavioral risk factors such as out
Open articlePediatrics
This review aimed to highlight the association between upper airways dimensions and pediatric obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature on upper airways dimensions in oSDB children compared with c
Open articlePediatrics
Formula feeding and having a mother with overweight are associated with overweight during infancy. We sought to pilot test calibrated formula feeding guidance using age and weight specific intake recommendations to improve weight outcomes amongst at-risk infants. Exclusively form
Open articlePediatrics
Corticosteroids are among the most highly prescribed drugs. Chronic treatment with corticosteroids causes osteopenia, as well as growth failure in children. Our goal was to identify serum biomarkers of prednisone-related perturbations of bone and/or cartilage metabolism associate
Open articlePediatrics
Pediatric tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), also called Tumor-induced rickets (TIR), is characterized by renal phosphate wasting, resulting in hypophosphatemia and rickets. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of pediatric TIO patients. A systematic search wa
Open articlePediatrics
This meta-analysis was designed to compare airway complication rates between deep vs. awake laryngeal mask airway (LMA) removal in pediatric non-airway surgery, while discussing the impact of anesthetic agents, patient position and age. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of S
Open articlePediatrics
The effect of adjunctive glucocorticoids in the primary treatment of Kawasaki disease in unselected patients remains unknown. In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial in China, we assigned participants with newly diagnosed Kawasaki disease in a 1:1 ratio to r
Open articlePediatrics
We conducted a pilot randomised controlled trial in two teaching hospitals in Tunisia to compare video-based instruction and four-step low-fidelity simulation for paediatric Basic Life Support (BLS) training among interns and nurses. Knowledge was assessed using a 15-item multipl
Open articlePediatrics
Primary care-based secure firearm storage programs are well-positioned to prevent firearm-related injury, the leading cause of death for young people in the United States. While recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and US Surgeon General, these programs have yet to b
Open articlePediatrics
Diagnostic errors contribute to patient safety risks, often arising from cognitive failures in clinical reasoning. Preceptorship is thought to improve residents' clinical reasoning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a preceptorship program on clinical reaso
Open articlePediatrics
Background and objectives Interactive digital tools such as smartboards are increasingly being used in education, yet robust evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study compared Smartboard- and PowerPoint-based teaching in undergraduate paediatri
Open articlePediatrics
This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR)-based paediatric emergency training, comparing facilitator-guided with self-guided debriefing methods. In a single-blinded, randomised controlled pilot trial, 24 healthcare professionals (12
Open articlePediatrics
This study focused on investigating the educational value of combining standardised patient (SP) teaching videos with simulation-based medical education (SBME) in paediatric resident training. Forty paediatric resident trainees (June 2023-June 2024) were randomised into a control
Open articlePediatrics
pediatric Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical for saving children who experience cardiac arrest, but traditional teaching is often ineffective at improving clinical competence and teamwork. This study evaluates an innovative, understudied model: situational simulation
Open articlePediatrics
Traditional pediatric internship training for undergraduate medical students is often limited by student passivity and underdevelopment of clinical reasoning and skills. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Quality Control Circle (QCC) method, integrated with Min
Open articlePediatrics
High-quality conduct of clinical trials depends on strict adherence to both regulatory protocols and trial-specific procedures to ensure data integrity and participant safety. Standard methods utilized to train research staff have limitations, including lack of specificity and de
Open articlePediatrics
To qualitatively understand the experiences of patient/caregivers, and clinicians of piloting a generic Paediatric Patient Reported Outcome Measure (P-PROM), the EQ-5D-Y-5L, in Routine Outpatient Care for Kids (ROCK), known as the P-PROM ROCK Program. Semi-structured interviews a
Open articlePediatrics
Direct observation (DO) of clinical encounters is fundamental in medical education, but barriers to in-person observation of encounters (IOE) have been well described. Virtual observation of encounters (VOE) could be an alternative, but related literature is sparse. This study co
Open articlePediatrics
Generic pediatric patient-reported outcome measures (P-PROMs) have the potential to enhance care and patient-clinician interactions in specialty hospital settings. However, evidence about their feasibility and acceptability is lacking. To identify the feasibility and acceptabilit
Open articlePediatrics
Central lines are more frequently used in infant newborns; they offer advantages but are related to traumatic complications, obstruction and infection. Antibiotics in catheter locks may decrease infections. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of vancomycin catheter
Open articlePediatrics
Pediatric bacterial pneumonia (30-40% of cases) is commonly treated with ceftriaxone sodium, but optimal duration (traditional 7-14 days vs. short 5-7 days) remains controversial. To compare therapeutic efficacy, inflammatory marker dynamics and safety of short- vs. standard-cour
Open articlePediatrics
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children, with increasing macrolide resistance complicating treatment. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides unique benefits for pediatric respiratory infections. To evaluate the safety and effic
Open articlePediatrics
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a major driver of paediatric antibiotic prescriptions. We assessed the impact of oral and topical antibiotics on middle ear, nasopharyngeal, and gut microbiome compositions, and the gut resistome, in children with AOM and ear discharge (AOMd). Fifty-ei
Open articlePediatrics
Suspicion of early-onset sepsis (EOS) is a major contributor to antibiotic use in late-preterm and term-born neonates. We aimed to evaluate whether a clinically guided, individualised approach to treatment duration could safely reduce antibiotic exposure compared with standard ca
Open articlePediatrics
We aimed to evaluate whether the FILMARRAY® Pneumonia Panel (FAPP) added to standard care could effectively guide antibiotic prescriptions in hospitalized pediatric patients with infectious pneumonia. In this single-center, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled clinica
Open articlePediatrics
To evaluate the mutual effects on safety and immunogenicity of the combined vaccination of the 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) and the adsorbed acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis combined vaccine (DTaP) in healthy infants aged 3 months (90 to 119 d) old. This
Open articlePediatrics
Infants experience distress from repeated vaccine injections in the first year of life. This systematic review evaluated oral nutritive and non-nutritive interventions to reduce distress including: breastfeeding (pre-injection and during), bottle-feeding, sucrose solution, glucos
Open articlePediatrics
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization in infants and young children worldwide. Clinical management in infants remains primarily supportive, and natural infection provides incomplete and transient immuni
Open articlePediatrics
Anxiety and depression are common mental disorders and frequently coexist with oral health problems (OHPs) that impair overall well-being and quality of life. While the association of mood disorders and OHPs is well documented in adults, evidence regarding their association in pe
Open articlePediatrics
Respiratory distress is a leading cause of admission to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) among late-preterm (LPT) infants. Our objective was to assess whether prophylactic CPAP provided to breathing LPT infants reduces the duration of respiratory support and to determine saf
Open articlePediatrics
To compare the effectiveness and safety of intravenous magnesium sulfate versus terbutaline in children with acute asthma exacerbations. This randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Paediatric Department of The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Mult
Open articlePediatrics
Antenatal corticosteroids are used to accelerate fetal lung maturation. Recent studies suggest that the current dose may be too high. In the randomized multicenter BETADOSE trial, non-inferiority of the half dose compared to full dose was not shown for surfactant administration.
Open articlePediatrics
Early identification of children at risk for persistent asthma is challenging because preschool respiratory symptoms are heterogeneous and often overlap with transient wheezing illnesses. Machine learning-based prediction models may improve risk stratification, but few have been
Open articlePediatrics
Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) transports vitamin D metabolites and regulates vitamin D levels in circulation. Additionally, maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy play an important role in lung development and childhood asthma occurrence. In this post hoc analysis of a rand
Open articlePediatrics
Since asthma exacerbations during pregnancy risk maternal and fetal health, continued medication is important. However, some studies have reported adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to asthma medication. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to coll
Open articlePediatrics
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence (AI)-based models in diagnosing pediatric asthma and predicting acute asthma exacerbations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The
Open articlePediatrics
Allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are among the most frequent chronic conditions in the pediatric age. They frequently coexist in children and are sustained by type 2- driven airway inflammation and impaired epithelial-immune interactions. Immunonutritional and postbioti
Open articlePediatrics
Objective: To evaluate the impact of indoor environmental pollution on childhood allergic diseases in recent years through Meta-analysis and explore the potential effects of pollution exposure on children's health. Methods: Literature published between January 2015 and March
Open articlePediatrics
To determine whether anti-reflux ureteral stents improve postoperative stent-related symptoms and complications compared with conventional Double-J (DJ) stents in children undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Children undergoing URL
Open articlePediatrics
Background and Objectives: Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency in children. The standard of care has been appendectomy for many years. However, in recent years, studies investigating antibiotic therapy alone have increased rapidly, suggesting that non-operati
Open articlePediatrics
Disparities in early childhood development due to poverty are linked to lifelong gaps in health and well-being. To address such disparities, interventions must not only include the prevention of toxic stress, but also the promotion of early relational health-that is the presence
Open articlePediatrics
To report study protocol on the effectiveness of a nurse-led, touch-based intervention grounding in caring theory in improving informal caregivers' engagement and perceptions of nurse support during neonatal nursing care. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled tria
Open articlePediatrics
The issue of insufficient physical activity in adolescents (defined by the World Health Organization as those aged 10-19 years) is a significant worldwide health concern, as 81% do not achieve the suggested levels of physical exercise. Although digital health interventions (DHIs)
Open articlePediatrics
This study examined associations between race-based discrimination and substance use among a predominantly minority sample of male youth, ages 13-19, residing in under-resourced neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Youth completed in-person, anonymous electronic surveys abo
Open articlePediatrics
Venipuncture is a common and painful procedure in neonates. Sweet solutions (sucrose and glucose) are recommended and widely used as standard care for reducing neonatal procedural pain. Topical local anesthetics may also reduce procedural pain but generally require longer applica
Open articlePediatrics
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent and serious infection among mechanically ventilated children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), with oral colonization playing a key role in its pathogenesis. Effective oral hygiene measures are therefore crucial to redu
Open articlePediatrics
To the Editor A recent Research Letter examined trends in adolescent sleep using biennial Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data from 2007 to 2023. For most of that period, the relevant YRBS question items are nearly identical, with 1 notable exception. The screen time question i
Open articlePediatrics
In Reply In his thoughtful comments on our Research Letter examining trends in insufficient sleep among US adolescents, Dr White raises an important point regarding the comparability of the 2021 and 2023 screen time measures with those used in prior years (2007-2019).
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Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common diagnosis in US children’s hospitals, and respiratory failure is the costliest diagnosis across all pediatric acute care. Despite the prevalence of this condition and its impact on children, families, and health systems, evidence-based
Open articlePediatrics
This randomized trial assesses the effect of prone positioning in infants with moderate to severe bronchiolitis receiving high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) support on the need for escalation of care to noninvasive or invasive ventilation within 72 hours.
Open articlePediatrics
This study aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a novel diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (acellular, three components) combined vaccine, adsorbed (DTcP) vaccine compared to the existing co-purified DTaP vaccine in China. In this partially randomized, blinded, cont
Open articlePediatrics
SOFTPEERS: feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a peer-led intervention to prevent binge drinking in adolescents. Results from a mixed-methods pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial.
Open articlePediatrics
Rare and undiagnosed genetic disorders affect millions of patients globally, and many patients endure years of inconclusive testing. Conventional genomic interpretation can be insufficiently sensitive and costly and is rarely repeated as knowledge evolves. We conducted a retrospe
Open articlePediatrics
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) stands as a predominant cause of community-acquired respiratory infections in children. With the increasing prevalence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains, the therapeutic efficacy of azithromycin monotherapy has become a gro
Open articlePediatrics
Intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in infancy and may lead to substantial morbidity. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated success, recurrence, and perforation rates of ultrasound-guided hydrostatic enema reduction (UGHR) in infants younger
Open articlePediatrics
Approximately 10%-20% of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) are resistant to intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and are at increased risk of developing coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). A potential therapeutic role of anakinra (ANK) in refractory KD has been suggested. The aim of
Open articlePediatrics
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability in childhood. Although an estimated 60 000 children live with CP in Vietnam, there is no national register to systematically collect data on the prevalence, risk factors or clinical profile of CP or service a
Open articlePediatrics
Introduction Medical advancements have led to increased survival for critically ill children, many of whom require tracheostomy. Standardised protocols in paediatric tracheostomy have been associated with reduced hospital length of stay, lower readmission rates and reduced acute
Open articlePediatrics
Objectives To analyse the association between organisational patient safety practices, including training in patient safety and clinical simulation, and safety culture and adverse event (AE) reporting in paediatric emergency departments. Design Observational analytical multicentr
Open articlePsychiatry
Shift work is associated with an increased risk of sleep disorders, yet tailored prevention and treatment programs remain rare and understudied. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is the first-line treatment for insomnia in the general population. We thus developed an anon
Open articlePsychiatry
Post-traumatic sequelae are theorized to contribute to and maintain psychotic symptoms. The relative contribution of core posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and those of complex PTSD are understudied. Network analysis was used to examine interactions between psychosis,
Open articlePsychiatry
Adherence to treatment guidelines for agitation in dementia is suboptimal and inconsistent. We designed and evaluated an Integrated Care Pathway (ICP) for the management of agitation in dementia. This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial at 12 inpatient units and long-t
Open articlePsychiatry
Acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions are effective for improving pain-related outcomes, yet their effects on psychological flexibility have not been meta-analyzed. This systematic review and meta-analysis addressed this gap by comparing these interventions with control
Open articlePsychiatry
Domestic violence remains a major public health challenge with profound consequences for women survivors. Arts-based interventions are increasingly incorporated into community services as culturally responsive recovery approaches for marginalized populations; however, it remains
Open articlePsychiatry
Aggressive behavior in childhood and adolescence represents a persistent developmental and public health concern, with important implications for psychosocial adjustment and long-term wellbeing. Martial arts training, which typically integrates structured physical activity with r
Open articlePsychiatry
Horticultural therapy (HT) is a promising non-pharmacological intervention for geriatric depression. However, the optimal "dose" required for maximum clinical efficacy remains poorly defined. To evaluate the efficacy of HT in alleviating geriatric depression and to quan
Open articlePsychiatry
The American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is often referred to as the bible of psychiatry. While clinicians do not always follow its guidance with the reverence that this description would suggest, it is a docume
Open articlePsychiatry
Adolescence and young adulthood can be exciting but vulnerable periods in a person's life, especially for their mental health. In addition to dealing with complex biopsychosocial changes, young people are confronted by institutions, in educational, health, and justice system
Open articlePsychiatry
Despite declining popularity because of misperceived complexity regarding its administration and monitoring, lithium is a relatively straightforward medication to prescribe because it does not undergo the interactions and metabolism of almost all other psychotropic agents.1 Never
Open articlePsychiatry
Youth mental health services are under pressure to do more, sooner, and more equitably.1 In response, countries, including Canada, are investing in service transformations that promise faster access, shorter waits, earlier intervention, and smoother transitions from youth care to
Open articlePsychiatry
Deaths by suicide among higher-education students in England and Wales increased between 2017 and 2019 and then declined, but in 2023 the rate stayed higher than in 2017. Male students accounted for 65% of cases.1 Suicide in young people has been associated with male sex, life tr
Open articlePsychiatry
Antipsychotic drugs are often thought to have minimal effects on negative symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In 1985, Tim Crow conceptualised one of the first biologically informed symptom dichotomies, characterising negative symptoms as poorly responsive to treatment.
Open articlePsychiatry
Mental health service gaps remain substantial worldwide, driven in part by ongoing workforce shortages.1 In response, psychological interventions are increasingly task-shared with community health workers, who are predominantly, and in some settings exclusively, female.2 Gender n
Open articlePsychiatry
Body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs), such as hair-pulling disorder (ie, trichotillomania) and skin-picking (ie, excoriation) disorder, affect millions of people worldwide and are associated with considerable distress, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life.1,2
Open articlePsychiatry
Adolescents today represent the largest cohort in history, coming of age amid unprecedented and interacting social, technological, and environmental changes that are fundamentally reshaping young people's lives. At the same time, adolescent mental health is worsening across
Open articlePsychiatry
The Review by Matthew J Burke and colleagues1 highlights the growing recognition that placebo and nocebo effects are biologically grounded phenomena capable of meaningfully influencing clinical outcomes. Burke and colleagues’ synthesis reflects an important shift away from viewin
Open articlePsychiatry
Matthew J Burke and colleagues,1 and the accompanying Editorial,2 rightly argue that placebo and nocebo effects should no longer be treated as nuisance factors, but as pervasive mechanisms that psychiatry should understand and harness. Burke and colleagues’ emphasis on expectancy
Open articlePsychiatry
We read with interest the systematic review and meta-analysis by Jack Wilson and colleagues1 on the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for mental and substance use disorders. The authors identify a “crucial need for improved study design that includes larger and more representat
Open articlePsychiatry
Jack Wilson and colleagues1 provide an important synthesis of randomised evidence on cannabinoids for mental and substance use disorders; their findings also highlight the limits of inferring real-world safety from trial-based adverse event data alone. The apparent absence of inc
Open articlePsychiatry
Daniel L Blumberger and colleagues1 report an important trial comparing magnetic seizure therapy (MST) with right unilateral ultra-brief (RUL-UB) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for major depressive disorder. Their results suggest that MST preserved much of the antidepressant eff
Open articlePsychiatry
Apurva Parikh and Carla Sharp1 argue that debates over treatment dose for personality disorder are too narrow, and that care should shift towards earlier clinical support during developmentally sensitive periods.1 We agree with their argument that prevention is better than interv
Open articlePsychiatry
Wilson J, Dobson O, Langcake A, et al. The efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2026; 13: 304–15—In this Article the spacing of the x-axis of figure 2 has be
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Nourredine M, Jurek L, Hamza T, et al. Pharmacological interventions for ADHD: a systematic review and dose–effect network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2026; 13: 485–95—In this Article, the modafinil data in figure 5 has been incorrectly presented as data for guanfacine. The
Open articlePsychiatry
Jewellery is often celebrated as a symbol of beauty, identity, and status in societies worldwide. It adorns bodies, marks milestones in lives, and carries cultural significance. But for some people, jewellery evokes something entirely different—disgust, anxiety, even panic. This
Open articlePsychiatry
Brain lithium concentrations followed serum concentrations closely across the day but aligned between regimens at the standard 12-h post-dose sampling timepoint. These findings directly inform ongoing discussions about the applicability of a common reference range across regimens
Open articlePsychiatry
Consistent with principles of early intervention in mental health, ACCESS Open Minds implementation resulted in improved or equivalent outcomes but also shifted care towards community-based settings, with substantial net cost savings. These cost savings can be realised if novel s
Open articlePsychiatry
GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment was associated with lower rates of hospitalisation in individuals with alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder. This association extended into the first 182 days after discontinuation for alcohol use disorder but not for substance use diso
Open articlePsychiatry
A range of actions, including prioritising mental health on campus and offering targeted support to those at risk (eg, neurodivergent or financially insecure students) could contribute to suicide prevention. Universities should ensure the safety of accommodation and routinely inv
Open articlePsychiatry
Clinicians should be aware of earlier attainment of substantial response of hostility and excitement, then positive symptoms, before substantial reductions in other domains. Treatment changes should not be made prematurely when negative and cognitive and disorganisation symptoms
Open articlePsychiatry
Coercive measures (eg, restraint and seclusion) remain common in child and adolescent psychiatric and residential care despite efforts to reduce their use. We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review of interventions to reduce coercive measure use. Eligible studies were publis
Open articlePsychiatry
Prevalences of anxiety, depression, and related mental health difficulties continue to rise across many high-income countries, while existing treatment services face growing pressures and limited capacity. Alongside formal psychological and pharmacological interventions, everyday
Open articlePsychiatry
Given rising physical inactivity and mental health challenges, time-efficient interventions like High- Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) require rigorous evaluation. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the evidence for HIIT's effects on mental health in ado
Open articlePsychiatry
This study examines for whom and how Organizational Skills Training-Tier 2 (OST-T2, Nissley-Tsiopinis et al., 2024) works for students in grades 3 to 5 with organization, time management, and planning (OTMP) difficulties. The study: (1) investigates subgroup differences for the e
Open articlePsychiatry
Behavioral problem-solving (BPS) consultation is an effective strategy to help teachers implement Tier 1 classroom management practices with fidelity. However, some teachers continue to experience barriers to implementation even when receiving such consultation, suggesting that a
Open articlePsychiatry
Children with conduct problems are at high risk of persisting mental health problems, making them a priority for early intervention. Group-based parent-training is effective but with a substantial failure rate. Based on evidence on the value of involving children, we developed Re
Open articlePsychiatry
Dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but randomized controlled trial evidence for probiotic supplementation remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of pr
Open articlePsychiatry
Current transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) practice uses fixed-percentage motor threshold dosing, conventionally 120% rMT, for depression treatment. Individual anatomical variability may result in substantially different cortical electric-Field (E-Field) strengths across pat
Open articlePsychiatry
Multiple family group therapy (MFGT) using the 4Rs and 2Ss (rules, responsibility, relationships, respectful communication, stress management and social support) framework has demonstrated effectiveness in addressing mental health and behavioural problems in high-income countries
Open articlePsychiatry
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted a critical need for effective population mental health approaches to target the most prevalent disorders (eg, depression) during periods of elevated community distress. The effectiveness of remotely delivered and web-based interventions should be
Open articlePsychiatry
Continued cannabis use among young people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) has been linked to poorer clinical and functional outcomes (eg, increased symptom severity and higher relapse rates). Digital harm-reduction interventions may represent a promising, person-centered appro
Open articlePsychiatry
This exploratory study examined whether brief high-intensity cycling exercise, performed either before or after a single online Portuguese language lesson, improved language acquisition or retention in older adolescents with ADHD, compared to a resting control condition. Particip
Open articlePsychiatry
Anxiety disorders are associated with a high burden of illness. In patients with treatment-resistant anxiety disorder, management options can be limited. Stellate ganglion block has been reported to reduce anxiety symptoms in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. We aimed to determine d
Open articlePsychiatry
Background Negative symptoms (NS) of schizophrenia, including avolition, anergia, and social withdrawal cause major functional impairment and have limited treatment options. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDL
Open articlePsychiatry
Mental health conditions are among the fastest growing and most inequitably distributed global disease burdens. Structural determinants- poverty, conflict, climate change, and the COVID-19 pandemic compound a persistent mismatch between internationally developed policy frameworks
Open articlePsychiatry
An increasing age of the workforce necessitates a better understanding of age-related differences in emotions at work to inform age-inclusive workplace policies and practices. This review critically evaluates how age relates to emotion-regulatory strategies at work (emotional lab
Open articlePsychiatry
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorders (EDs) frequently co-occur and are associated with heightened clinical severity and emotion dysregulation. This systematic review aimed to synthesize empirical evidence on the effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy
Open articlePsychiatry
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the association between loneliness and hikikomori symptoms. We searched three electronic databases (plus hand search). Our review followed the PRISMA guidelines, and a PROSPERO registration was made. We included
Open articlePsychiatry
To evaluate the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for insomnia compared with waitlist/standard control conditions and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. We search
Open articlePsychiatry
During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy and low risk awareness were also observed in high-risk groups, such as individuals with mental disorders. This study evaluated an educational video aimed at increasing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in this population. A randomized onl
Open articlePsychiatry
Despite strong links between emotion regulation (ER) difficulties and problem drinking, few studies have directly addressed whether interventions that target ER positively impact drinking outcomes. In a prior Stage 1a/1b behavioral therapies development study, we developed an Emo
Open articlePsychiatry
Ketamine and its enantiomer esketamine are efficacious in 30-35% of the patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Increased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) following treatment has been proposed as a potential biomarker of antidepressant response. This is
Open articlePsychiatry
Ketamine is a fast-acting intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), yet only a subset of patients show robust clinical response, and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. High-order interactions (HOI) derived from multivariate information theory provide a
Open articlePsychiatry
To evaluate the effects of magnesium supplementation as an adjunct to fluoxetine on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and cognitive function in patients with depression. Outpatients aged 18 to 50 years diagnosed with depression who were receiving fluoxetine tr
Open articlePsychiatry
Ketamine exerts rapid antidepressant effects. However, currently available ketamine-based treatments are associated with dissociative and cardiovascular adverse effects. To evaluate the antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of KET01, a novel, oral, prolonged-release racemic ke
Open articlePsychiatry
Gut microbiota may influence antidepressant treatment outcomes, yet whether targeted modulation can enhance efficacy remains unclear. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with major depressive disorder, administering a 2-week course of fec
Open articlePsychiatry
To evaluate the efficacy of adjunct probiotic supplementation ( Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum ) alongside standard care compared to placebo in older adults with moderate unipolar depression. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial was cond
Open articlePsychiatry
Previous research has demonstrated the positive impact of early remission on disease trajectory for patients with major depressive disorder. However, there is a paucity of literature assessing the response trajectory for patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). These a
Open articlePsychiatry
Approximately 30% of patients treated for major depressive disorder develop treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The STAR*D study demonstrated remission rates decline progressively with each antidepressant failure (37%, 31%, 14%, and 13%, respectively). A single-day individualiz
Open articlePsychiatry
Objective: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a debilitating mood disorder with peripartum onset. Current treatment options are limited in PPD. GH001 is a synthetic inhalation formulation of the psychoactive molecule mebufotenin (5-MeO-DMT). This trial investigated the preliminary ef
Open articlePsychiatry
Prior studies have reported abnormalities in brain volumes and white matter microarchitecture in persistent depressive disorder(PDD). Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) yoked with brain MRIs are needed to discern whether medications change tissue microstructure in patients with p
Open articlePsychiatry
Continuation treatment with sertraline plus olanzapine is associated with lower risk of relapse of remitted psychotic depression than sertraline plus placebo. We examined the effect of continuation pharmacotherapy on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in remitted psychotic de
Open articlePsychiatry
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two patient-level factors, episode duration and severity, on placebo response in antidepressant clinical trials. To do this we conducted a secondary analysis of seven 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled tria
Open articlePsychiatry
HS-10353 is a novel positive allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors that is under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial comprising single ascending dose (SAD) and mu
Open articlePsychiatry
To explore patient experiences with the RELEASE (Redressing long-term antidepressant use) toolkit resources, including antidepressant hyperbolic tapering plans designed to minimise withdrawal symptoms as part of the RELEASE trial's implementation evaluation to understand wha
Open articlePsychiatry
Ketamine rapidly reduces suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder (MDD), but its effects are transient. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that ketamine's antidepressant and antisuicidal effects may be partly mediated by mu-opioid receptor (MOR) modulation. The a
Open articlePsychiatry
Psilocybin has been proposed as a rapid-acting antidepressant (onset 6 weeks), but evidence from randomized clinical trials remains limited, particularly in the broader major depressive disorder (MDD) population. To assess short-term and long-term antidepressant effects of psiloc
Open articlePsychiatry
Positive treatment expectations are known to enhance antidepressant efficacy. Experimental placebo studies aim to provide mechanistic insights into this association, yet their findings have not been clearly linked to clinical expectation effects within individual patients. In a r
Open articlePsychiatry
Anxious depression is a negative prognostic factor linked to worse outcomes in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, its role in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains unclear. This secondary analysis of the ASCERTAIN-TRD trial investigates the role of anxious depressio
Open articlePsychiatry
Perioperative depressive symptoms (PDSs) are common among patients who undergo major surgery and can lead to worse clinical outcomes. Esketamine has been reported to alleviate PDSs in patients undergoing certain types of surgery. However, there is a lack of evidence from large-sc
Open articlePsychiatry
The clinical trial NCT03866252 investigates the antidepressant effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in 61 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) randomized to low-dose LSD (LD-LSD; 2 × 25 μg) or moderate-to-high-dose LSD (HD-LSD; 100 μg followed by 200 μg) 4 weeks a
Open articlePsychiatry
Background: Suicide is a public health crisis in the US, with limited evidence demonstrating efficacy of treatments for high-risk patients due in part to their exclusion from most clinical trials. This clinical trial evaluates the feasibility and efficacy of adjunctive cognitive
Open articlePsychiatry
The effectiveness of pharmacogenetics to guide prescribing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for depression remains unclear, despite the well-established association between SSRI pharmacokinetics and genetic variation. To determine whether pharmacogenetic-guided
Open articlePsychiatry
Cognitive neuropsychological models propose that antidepressants exert their therapeutic effects by modifying negative emotional processing biases early in treatment. However, evidence from large, long-term clinical samples is limited. We conducted a mechanistic analysis within t
Open articlePsychiatry
Ketamine may alleviate treatment-resistant depression (TRD) primarily through glutamatergic modulation, with downstream dopaminergic activation. Iron plays an important role in monoaminergic metabolism, that is also implicated in the pathophysiology of TRD. Both Quantitative Susc
Open articlePsychiatry
Depression and existential distress are highly prevalent among patients with advanced cancer, and there is growing evidence for ketamine as a rapidly acting antidepressant in the population, but few studies have examined existential distress outcomes with ketamine treatment. The
Open articlePsychiatry
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated as a potential predictor of ketamine response in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine, produces rapid antidepressant effects and offers improved safety and intranasal administration. To examine whe
Open articlePsychiatry
The relationship between baseline cognitive performance and tardive dyskinesia (TD) is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of cognitive performance in the development of TD with a specific focus on sex differences. We included 255 participants from th
Open articlePsychiatry
Modest outcomes from pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing in depression may be influenced by low rates of actionable gene-drug interactions. This 12-week pilot pragmatic randomized clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of selectively targeting PGx testing to depressed Veterans rece
Open articlePsychiatry
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is widely used to assess depression, and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is widely used to assess anxiety, yet the extent to which subtle differences in instruction delivery influence symptom scores is poorly understood. To determ
Open articlePsychiatry
We conducted a health economic evaluation alongside the PROVIDE-C randomised controlled trial which analysed the effectiveness of a model of integrated mental health video consultations for people with depression and anxiety in primary care in Germany in comparison to treatment a
Open articlePsychiatry
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) quantified the effects of resistance exercise training (RET) compared to low-intensity sham RET attention-control (SHAM) on depressive symptoms among young women (18-40y) with analogue Generalized Anxiety Disorder (AGAD). Fifty-five particip
Open articlePsychiatry
Offering behavioral treatment for anxiety in primary care will help to address the anxiety treatment gap. Modular Anxiety Skills Training (MAST) is a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) settings. This multi-sit
Open articlePsychiatry
The Unified Protocol (UP) has proven effective for treating emotional disorders; however, its standard format primarily focuses on regulating negative emotions. While difficulties with negative emotion regulation are common across these disorders, difficulties with positive emoti
Open articlePsychiatry
Specific phobia (SPH) is a prevalent anxiety disorder and may involve advanced biological aging. However, limited brain age research has been conducted in anxiety disorders. This mega-analysis investigated brain aging in SPH participants within the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group. 3
Open articlePsychiatry
To identify early markers of acute treatment response among youth with anxiety disorders receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) monotherapy, or their combination. Although many youth with anxiety disorders benefit from CBT or S
Open articlePsychiatry
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents experience considerable mental health disparities, yet research on the prevalence of anxiety and depression remains limited. The objectives of this study were to assess available depression and anxiety data among AI/AN adolesc
Open articlePsychiatry
Many children experience significant, impairing anxiety, yet most never access evidence-based support; among those who do, most face long wait-times to be seen. This disconnect reflects a need for intervention approaches that provide rapid access to interim care. Single-session i
Open articlePsychiatry
Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), previously known as Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, has increasingly been recognized as a construct distinct from ADHD inattention yet strongly associated with internalizing disorders. This scoping review synthesized evidence from 82 studies publ
Open articlePsychiatry
Rising cases of cognitive disorders, depression, and anxiety underscore the need for new treatments, given the limited effectiveness and side effects of current options. AdipoRon targets adiponectin receptors and shows promise for protecting the brain, reducing inflammation, and
Open articlePsychiatry
The effectiveness of non-specialist provider-delivered care for mood and anxiety disorders has been established, but effects in violence-exposed populations remain unclear. We examine the net effectiveness of psychosocial treatments delivered by non-specialists to adults experien
Open articlePsychiatry
Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to enhance telemental health care (TMH) by enabling accessible, engaging, and personalized treatment from home. Although VR is well-supported for in-person treatment, evidence for telehealth-based VR is limited. Moreover, no prior research h
Open articlePsychiatry
The error-related negativity (ERN) is a measurable brain response to mistakes that is thought to reflect a modifiable cognitive/emotional bias contributing to the development of anxiety disorders. We previously demonstrated that a psychosocial intervention to reduce error sensiti
Open articlePsychiatry
Exposure and behavioral activation have been identified as key therapeutic components in evidence-based treatment for youths with anxiety and depression, respectively. The current study expanded this work to transdiagnostic treatment for youths with anxiety and depression and exa
Open articlePsychiatry
Anxiety disorders show striking sex differences in prevalence, symptoms, and clinical characteristics, shaping how they manifest and are experienced. Here, we report the first sex-specific meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of anxiety, leveraging two of the l
Open articlePsychiatry
Altered interoceptive processing and reduced tolerance to aversive bodily sensations are core features of anxiety disorders. Maximal voluntary breath-holding time (mvBHT) has been proposed as a simple, objective behavioral index of interoceptive tolerance. This PRISMA-guided syst
Open articlePsychiatry
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by stress-anxiety reinforcement cycles. Evidence for brief, self-guided, internet-based stress management as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an 8-week self-guided, inte
Open articlePsychiatry
Observational epidemiological analysis and a meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization (MR) were used to investigate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and asthma in children and adolescents. Based on data from the 1999 to 2004 National Health
Open articlePsychiatry
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents with depressive disorder is characterized by recurrent impulsivity and is a predictor of future suicidal behavior, necessitating effective and feasible interventions. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for adolescents (MBCT-A), a fir
Open articlePsychiatry
Positive psychotherapy (PPT) targets the enhancement of well‑being in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), and virtual reality (VR) offers an immersive medium for delivering such experiential interventions. However, most VR-based approaches for depression are grounde
Open articlePsychiatry
Research on gender differences in self-stigma among individuals with psychosis is limited. Gender differences have been found in factors associated with self-stigma, such as self-esteem, quality of life, and cognitive insight. This study aimed to determine predictors of self-stig
Open articlePsychiatry
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent mental health conditions characterized by physiological dysregulation that includes heightened stress responses, low-grade systemic inflammation, and metabolic imbalance, which together contribute to impaired quality of life. Although yoga-b
Open articlePsychiatry
Background: Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of a mobile app-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (IACT) programme for individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in their PTSD symptoms. However, there are still few studies on its mediating mechanism.O
Open articlePsychiatry
Background: The Processing of Positive Memories Technique (PPMT) is a brief, memory-based intervention designed to enhance access to detailed positive autobiographical memories (AMs) in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although research suggests that PPMT is
Open articlePsychiatry
Positive Psychotherapy (PPT) is increasingly being studied as a potential treatment option for psychological diseases. In recent years the internet has been incorporated into traditional face-to-face therapy which, if successful in its treatment outcome, could lead to a more econ
Open articlePsychiatry
Antipsychotic medications stimulate appetite and weight gain, contributing to high obesity rates in people with psychotic disorders. It is unknown if these dietary effects habituate over time. This study aimed to determine the dietary intake of young people with a first-episode p
Open articlePsychiatry
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in 10 Italian health and maternal-child Centres to evaluate the effects of a Dialogic Book-Sharing (DBS) intervention on parental symptoms of anxiety and depression. Sixty-eight parents of 14-20-month-old infants were recruited
Open articlePsychiatry
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in real-life decisions, many involving balancing costs and benefits. Increasing dopamine and norepinephrine with stimulant medication improves decision-making in ADHD. However, it is unclear whether st
Open articlePsychiatry
Exercise is suggested to help regulate emotions; however, its role in the underlying cognitive emotion regulation process-starting with a cue, cognitive actions to modify emotions, and desirable emotional changes-has not yet been demonstrated. This study therefore investigates wh
Open articlePsychiatry
Several lines of evidence suggest that vitamin B6 has potential as an antidepressant. It plays a crucial coenzyme role in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine, which are central to mood regulation, and it has been shown tha
Open articlePsychiatry
Breathing exercises are widely used to alleviate anxiety, but most interventions use fixed templates of inhalation, exhalation, and repetition. This study preliminarily explores the feasibility of data-driven personalization of breathing recommendations for general individuals. W
Open articlePsychiatry
Adolescents with depressive symptoms are at increased risk of social functional impairment and are more likely to develop major depressive disorder. Digital interventions offer advantages, such as high accessibility, especially for adolescents. However, evidence on the effectiven
Open articlePsychiatry
Emotional labour (EL) has become a serious concern in the modern workplace due to the rapid development of the service-oriented economy. Existing literature reviews of emotional labour studies leave many questions unexplored. This study addresses these questions by conducting a h
Open articlePsychiatry
Dance-based interventions are increasingly used to support mental health and well-being across clinical, community, and educational contexts. However, the review-level evidence remains conceptually and methodologically fragmented. This quality-sensitive umbrella review synthesize
Open articlePsychiatry
Nightshift nurses commonly suffer from sleep disturbances and occupational stress due to irregular work-sleep rhythms. This Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) compared the efficacy of non-pharmacological therapies to identify optimal interventions for improving sleep and reduci
Open articlePsychiatry
The reinforcer pathology model proposed by Warren Bickel and colleagues focuses on within-individual motivational processes involving overvaluation of smaller immediate rewards relative to larger delayed rewards (delay discounting) and high drug reinforcing value (drug demand) as
Open articlePsychiatry
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent conditions associated with substantial psychosocial burden, and low-level laser therapy auriculotherapy (LLLT-AT) has emerged as a non-invasive intervention with potential neuromodulatory effects for anxiety management. This systematic revie
Open articlePsychiatry
Compared with heterosexual persons, non-heterosexual persons have worse mental health. Sexual Minority Stress Theory (SMST) explains the disparity as resulting from stigma and discrimination. To the extent that heterosexual genetic relatives reared with non-heterosexual persons a
Open articlePsychiatry
Auditory-verbal signal detection tasks (AV-SDTs) are used to study hallucinatory experiences (HEs) in clinical and nonclinical groups, assessing perceptual decision making under ambiguous auditory conditions. Existing findings suggest that HEs are associated with response biases.
Open articlePsychiatry
This Viewpoint discusses developing a taxonomy of AI mental health harm and understanding how to assess and respond to those harms to advance AI safety.
Open articlePsychiatry
This study investigated the effects of ashwagandha root extract (ARE) supplementation on core attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, executive functioning, and patient-reported outcomes in children and adolescents with mild ADHD. Fifty-eight children and adoles
Open articlePsychiatry
Health care professionals are exposed to high levels of occupational stress, emotional exhaustion, and anxiety-depressive symptoms. Digital interventions using mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches have shown promising results in improving psychological well-being in this
Open articlePsychiatry
Although mobile health (mHealth) interventions serve as potential solutions for addressing mental health problems, evidence on whether mHealth interventions targeting physical activity can reduce psychological distress among generally healthy workers is limited. This study aimed
Open articlePsychiatry
Limited data are available on the long-term effectiveness of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) for anxiety among children. To evaluate the association of an iCBT intervention with anxiety in children compared with a psychoeducation control group over 12 and 24 mo
Open articlePsychiatry
Insufficient responses to available treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) underscores the necessity for innovative therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the efficacy of adjunctive rosiglitazone, an antidiabetic agent with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory e
Open articlePsychiatry
The gut microbiota is intricately implicated in the pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), with the vagus nerve serving as a key regulatory bridge. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive therapeutic strategy for
Open articlePsychiatry
This study addresses a critical gap in the evidence base for cost-effective psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in forensic settings by presenting a full trial-based economic evaluation of mentalisation-based treatment plus probation as usual (M
Open articlePsychiatry
Growing research confirms the efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, that is treatments applicable across multiple diagnoses within a disorder class or spectrum, by examining group-level changes from pre- to posttreatment. However, less is known about int
Open articlePsychiatry
Citicoline and phosphatidylserine (PS) have been proposed as potential neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing agents; however, evidence of their therapeutic impact across populations with mental disorders remains limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of c
Open articlePsychiatry
Persistent physical symptoms such as fatigue following SARS-CoV-2 infection are common and often accompanied by cognitive complaints. Alongside biological mechanisms, psychosocial processes can contribute to symptom persistence. Psychotherapeutic interventions could be beneficial
Open articlePsychiatry
AbstractAlcohol use is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality, but most individuals with problematic alcohol use do not receive evidence-based care or accurate information about drinking. Recommendations on safe levels of alcohol consumption are rapidly evolving, with rec
Open articlePsychiatry
Introduction Afghanistan has experienced decades of war, political instability, displacement, poverty and structural upheaval, all of which are likely to have contributed to the population’s deteriorating mental health. Individual studies and reports describe depression, anxiety,
Open articlePsychiatry
Objectives To explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of poverty, assessed by deprivation index (DI) and income, with anxiety and stress among adults Design Longitudinal cohort observational study Setting A cohort of adults established in 2014–2015 (T1) in Hong
Open articlePsychiatry
Objectives This paper constitutes an intervention development paper, illustrating the application of the person-based approach to planning and developing a digital transdiagnostic intervention to support Portuguese adults in managing their stress and emotions, thereby enhancing t
Open articlePsychiatry
Objective: The rapid expansion of mobile technology has significantly altered children's screen time behaviors, contributing to concerns about excessive usage. These changes are particularly relevant for children with borderline intellectual functioning, in whom unmanaged sc
Open articlePulmonology
Hypoxemia is the most common adverse event during sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients with high obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk (STOP-Bang ≥5) are susceptible due to sedation-induced loss of upper airway tone exacerbating airway collapsibility. Although high-flow nasa
Open articlePulmonology
The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) is calling upon the UK Government to address the nation's air pollution as a public health emergency, and not simply an environmental issue.
Open articlePulmonology
Indoor fungal bioaerosols are more diverse and dynamic than outdoor communities in urban UK homes. These findings establish foundational exposure data and highlight the need for incorporating fungal bioaerosol monitoring into public health policy to mitigate mould-related health
Open articlePulmonology
Allergies are a growing public health concern worldwide. This meta-analysis investigated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and the occurrence/severity of respiratory allergic conditions. Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and EBSC
Open articlePulmonology
To compare the function of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration guided by transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) with traditional lung-protective ventilation to optimize pulmonary arterial compliance (Cpa) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. A single cente
Open articlePulmonology
Chronic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) arises from prolonged interactions among immune cells, functional cells, and inflammatory cytokines. The Qibai Pingfei Capsule (QBPF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been utilized clinically for over
Open articlePulmonology
Children born preterm with chronic lung disease of Immaturity (CLDI) frequently present with obstructive lung function, yet optimal bronchodilator therapy remains uncertain. Previous studies focused on β2-agonists, while evidence for muscarinic antagonist therapy is limited. We c
Open articlePulmonology
To evaluate the effect of a pharmacist‑led educational intervention on medication knowledge, adherence, and asthma control among adult asthma patients at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. A single‑blind, parallel‑group randomized controlled trial will be conduct
Open articlePulmonology
To investigate the effects of supervised nursing combined with moderate-intensity exercise training based on the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory (IFSMT) on pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to provide e
Open articlePulmonology
To evaluate the effects of hydrogen-oxygen inhalation on nodule diameter and peripheral blood inflammatory factors in patients with small pulmonary nodules (SPNs), and to further analyze its efficacy in the smoking subgroup. The primary endpoint was the change in pulmonary nodule
Open articlePulmonology
Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) patients using budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol (BGF) inhalers often face anxiety, depression and incorrect inhaler technique, which impair treatment outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of clinical pharmacist-led intervention o
Open articlePulmonology
This letter discusses Costa et al.'s randomized trial of resistance training (RT) combined with photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for difficult-to-control asthma (DTCA). The triple-blind study shows RT+PBMT safely improves peripheral muscle strength and exercise capacity bet
Open articlePulmonology
To investigate whether the addition of external diaphragmatic pacing (EDP) to standard therapy can effectively improve diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, and i
Open articlePulmonology
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of prednisolone in the treatment of persistent interstitial lung disease following severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. All participants presented residua
Open articlePulmonology
Interactive digital self-management (IDSM) interventions may help individuals with chronic respiratory disease self-manage their condition. This review aimed to summarize the characteristics and effectiveness of IDSM interventions for this population. Reviewers systematically scr
Open articlePulmonology
This study aimed to systematically evaluate the bidirectional association between obstructive lung diseases (OLD) [including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and bronchiectasis] and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulc
Open articlePulmonology
Climate change is a global threat. Propellant hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-134a in metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) contributes to healthcare-related greenhouse gas emissions. HFA-152a is a new propellant with ~90% lower global warming potential than HFA-134a. Two phase I studies (NCT0643
Open articlePulmonology
Allergic diseases and dental caries share overlapping epidemiological trends and risk factors, compromising the patients' quality of life and increasing health care costs. We aimed to explore the associations and potential causal relationships between allergic diseases (asth
Open articlePulmonology
Aerobic training (AT) or behavioural interventions (BI) to increase physical activity in daily life (PADL) improve clinical control in people with asthma; however, comparisons between these interventions remain poorly known. To compare the effects of AT versus BI on clinical cont
Open articlePulmonology
Respiratory muscle dysfunction contributes to reduced pulmonary and extrapulmonary outcomes in children with asthma. Although inspiratory muscle training has been widely studied, the effects of expiratory muscle training (EMT) in pediatric asthma remain unclear. This study invest
Open articlePulmonology
Poor self-care practice among adult asthmatic patients is a prevalent and serious clinical concern, as it is directly associated with significantly greater morbidity and mortality. It leads to adverse outcomes, including more frequent exacerbations, increased utilization of rescu
Open articlePulmonology
Speleotherapy (underground climate therapy) is a non-pharmacological intervention for chronic respiratory diseases. This randomized controlled trial investigated whether a 3-week speleotherapy course (6 sessions, 2 h/week) improves respiratory outcomes in patients on standard bac
Open articlePulmonology
Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for asthma worldwide and is associated with poor asthma control. Weight loss is an effective intervention for patients with obesity and asthma; however, a consistent association between metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) and asthma in patients w
Open articlePulmonology
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) can improve symptoms of chronic inflammation; in asthma, improving asthma control and reducing airway inflammation. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying these salubrious outcomes could help identify neuroimmune phenotypes and pe
Open articlePulmonology
Tezepelumab is a human monoclonal antibody that blocks the activity of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. This study aimed to evaluate the oral corticosteroid-sparing effect of tezepelumab in adults with severe, oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma. SUNRISE was a phase 3, double-blind
Open articlePulmonology
Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of smoking asthmatic patients and to evaluate the efficacy of long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) in treating smoking asthmatic patients. Methods: The characteristic analysis study of smoking asthma was a case-control study,
Open articlePulmonology
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, making uniform diagnosis challenging, resulting in both under- and overdiagnosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the data on diagnostic accuracy of a cold air bronchial challenge test (CACh) in exercise-induced b
Open articlePulmonology
Tobacco cessation support remains underutilized in routine care for patients with airway diseases such as asthma and COPD. In this multicenter randomized trial (NCT05764343, registration date: 2023-03-01), we previously reported that immediately scheduled appointments to smoking
Open articlePulmonology
To evaluate the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) pattern-based comprehensive therapy on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and its influence on metabolic profiles. In this multicenter trial, 270 participants from nine hospitals were randoml
Open articlePulmonology
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is standard therapy for acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure and is increasingly used in hypercapnic COPD. Comparative data between the asymmetrical and conventional HFNC interfaces regarding respiratory muscle work of breathing is limited. This stu
Open articlePulmonology
In patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, airway mucus-occlusions correlate with airflow limitation, exacerbation and mortality-risk. However, the clinical relevance of mucus-plugs in milder COPD is not well-understood. We evaluated pulmonary function, six-minute-walk-distance (6
Open articlePulmonology
To explore the interventional effects of a targeted diaphragmatic function exercise bundle strategy, guided by ultrasound assessment, on nutritional status, diaphragmatic function, muscle strength, and hospital stay of mechanically ventilated patients with acute exacerbation of c
Open articlePulmonology
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a history of frequent exacerbations have a high disease burden and poor progression, demanding optimized management. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world clinical situation, adherence to Global Initiative for
Open articlePulmonology
To examine the effects of extra training with active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) as compared to whole-body breathing exercise (WBBE) in older adults with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fifty-one participants with stable COPD were randomly assigned in
Open articlePulmonology
In-hospital use of non-invasive ventilation improves outcomes in patients with acute respiratory failure caused by acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Prehospital use of non-invasive ventilation is uncommon due to diagnostic uncertainty and logistical con
Open articlePulmonology
This study presents a pilot cost-benefit analysis of a nature-based therapy (NBT) for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Austria. Within the framework of a randomised controlled trial, we identify cost categories, quantify the costs and benefits, and synthesise findi
Open articlePulmonology
Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) frequently coexists with diabetes mellitus, creating competing priorities for respiratory stabilization and safe inpatient glycemic control. Evidence for an integrated, respiratory-endocrinology co-management pathway i
Open articlePulmonology
Heterogeneity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) challenges the identification of optimal treatment populations. Subgroups derived from real-life cohorts using classification and regression trees (CARTs) have shown prognostic value for mortality, but their applicabil
Open articlePulmonology
Interleukin-33 and its receptor, ST2, are implicated in neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of astegolimab, an anti-ST2 human IgG2 monoclonal antibody, which were
Open articlePulmonology
Diaphragmatic dysfunction and oxidative stress are central pathophysiological alterations in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Evidence is lacking regarding early pulmonary rehabilitation protocols stratified by object
Open articlePulmonology
Sustaining pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) benefits in community-dwelling individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is challenging. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of individuals with COPD participating in a PersonalIzed CommUnity-base
Open articlePulmonology
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) improves exercise tolerance and COPD assessment test score (CAT). Oxygen supplementation during PR facilitates exercise physiological benefits. This study aimed to assess the feasibility
Open articlePulmonology
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended internationally for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but there is limited evidence and practice of PR in Sri Lanka. Key challenges for PR such as poor accessibility, uptake and completion need to be addres
Open articlePulmonology
Tobacco use is a major contributor to the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other non-communicable diseases in China. People at high risk for COPD who smoke, particularly those with pre-existing chronic conditions, often remain underserved by conventional
Open articlePulmonology
Early pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, yet challenges like monotony and poor adherence remain. This study evaluated a novel multi-parameter respiratory trainer against traditional methods. In a
Open articlePulmonology
The Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ) was developed to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of 0.5 points per item. It has been used in cli
Open articlePulmonology
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a cornerstone for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet global uptake remains low due to geographic and resource barriers. Digital health technologies, specifically smartphone apps, offer a promising platform for deli
Open articlePulmonology
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with type II respiratory failure (hypercapnia + hypoxemia) is a major cause of hospitalization and death. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is standard but may cause discomfort; high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) of
Open articlePulmonology
Dyspnea, negative illness perceptions, anxiety, and depression are common problems that substantially impair quality of life in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of handheld fan use on dyspnea, illness perception,
Open articlePulmonology
This systematic review aimed to summarize the current evidence on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its associated factors in children with bronchiectasis. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, CINAHL,
Open articlePulmonology
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is driven in part by microaspiration along the endotracheal tube cuff, a process difficult to measure directly in ventilated patients. Because microbial communities differ between airway compartments, changes in their similarity over time may
Open articlePulmonology
ICU patients commonly require invasive mechanical ventilation. Although weaning from ventilation is crucial for patient outcomes, it is commonly not performed according to guideline recommendations. We investigated if a complex telemedicine intervention improves the weaning proce
Open articlePulmonology
Depemokimab is the first ultra-long-acting biologic with enhanced interleukin-5 (IL-5) binding affinity, high potency, and extended half-life, enabling twice-yearly dosing. Depemokimab has demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with na
Open articlePulmonology
Self-management is a key component of effective chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management and is mainly promoted through pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programmes. However, less than 2% of patients participate in PR programmes. Among those who do, approximately 40% f
Open articlePulmonology
Medical masks serve as a barrier that prevents droplet transmission - the primary route of infection for many respiratory diseases. The effects of protective medical mask use on exercise performance and the factors influencing mask compliance are equivocal. This study aimed to ex
Open articlePulmonology
Respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath are prevalent among patients with pneumoconiosis. These symptoms reduce their engagement in daily activities and induce psychological distress. Did a 6-week acceptance-based healthy lifestyle programme reduce psychologica
Open articlePulmonology
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease with limited treatment options. LTI-03 promotes alveolar epithelial cell survival and reduces profibrotic protein expression in experimental models of IPF. In this Phase 1b, randomized, double-blind, placebo
Open articlePulmonology
The nasal mucosa is the primary defense mechanism of the upper respiratory tract. Its functionality relies heavily on the intricate balance of mucociliary clearance (MCC), mucosal hydration, epithelial tight junction integrity, and local immunological responses. While the detrime
Open articlePulmonology
Sleep apnea (SA) is a serious sleep disorder, and its diagnostic gold standard, polysomnography, is costly and time-consuming. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, due to their direct correlation with neural activity and ease of extraction, represent a promising tool. Despite incr
Open articlePulmonology
Considerable heterogeneity exists in patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) concerning etiology, clinical manifestations, phenotypic features, comorbidities, and treatment responsiveness. The concept of "treatable traits&qu
Open articlePulmonology
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) remain common after thoracoscopic lung resection. Butorphanol, a κ-opioid receptor agonist with analgesic and potential opioid-sparing properties, may influence postoperative respiratory recovery. This trial evaluated whether periopera
Open articlePulmonology
Gram-Positive Bacteria and Their Metabolites as Mediators of Asthma Protection.
Open articlePulmonology
The inverse association of farm exposure with asthma and atopic conditions has been attributed to the diversity of environmental bacteria and fungi, but the specific taxa and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We performed sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal ribonucl
Open articleRadiology
This systematic review evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT for BMD assessment using DEXA as the reference standard and aimed to quantify its performance through meta-analysis. This review included prospective and retrospective observational studies assessing CBCT's dia
Open articleRadiology
Letter to the Editor re: Sathya A, Nguyen TN, Klein P, et al. Endovascular vs surgical treatment of sigmoid sinus diverticulum causing pulsatile tinnitus: A systematic review. Interv Neuroradiol. 2024 Mar 22:15910199241231325.
Open articleRadiology
To examine the feasibility of a quadruple-low protocol in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) assisted by the deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) for participants with high body mass index (BMI). This prospective study involved 180 participants (BMI of ≥ 25 kg/m
Open articleRadiology
BackgroundDifferentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules is essential for effective patient management.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for thyroid nodule characterization based on currently available evidence.Material an
Open articleRadiology
Dental students must master endodontic anatomy, radiographic diagnostics, and treatment strategies early in their clinical training-yet traditional teaching methods, including two-dimensional radiographs, often fail to effectively convey complex spatial structures. Hologram techn
Open articleRheumatology
To integrate evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing subcutaneous (SC) and oral methotrexate (MTX) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide optimal clinical treatment strategies. This meta-analysis conducted comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Emba
Open articleRheumatology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 492-492, July 30, 2026.
Open articleRheumatology
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 5, Page 493-501, July 30, 2026.
Open articleRheumatology
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articleRheumatology
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articleRheumatology
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain and a range of somatic and psychological symptoms that impose a substantial burden on patients. While pregabalin is an approved and effective monotherapy for many individuals with FM, the efficacy of this m
Open articleRheumatology
This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to update the evidence regarding therapeutic strategies in difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2T RA), building on the previous SLR informing the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) points to consider for t
Open articleRheumatology
Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder caused by mutations affecting proteasome function. Given the absence of standard therapy, we reviewed the therapeutic pot
Open articleRheumatology
Current guidelines recommend influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in the majority of patients with rheumatic diseases. This study aimed to summarize the coverage of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines among these patients. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, We
Open articleRheumatology
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), as a common autoimmune disease, not only causes damage to the joints themselves, but also increases the risk of developing other diseases. In recent years, the association between RA and malignant tumors has attracted increasing attention. Most studies
Open articleRheumatology
This phase II trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SSGJ-613, a fully human anti-interleukin 1β monoclonal antibody, compared with compound betamethasone (CB) in Chinese patients with acute gouty arthritis. In this multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, active-cont
Open articleRheumatology
This Phase Ib/II study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of Firsekibart in the treatment of gout flares. Phase Ib part utilized an open-label, single-dose, dose-escalation design. Patients were enrolled and received a single subcutaneous i
Open articleRheumatology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which may contribute to cardiovascular (CV) risk. This study aimed to examine the association between hepatic steatosis, measured by a non-i
Open articleRheumatology
To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of heat therapy for hand osteoarthritis. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). 9 RCTs (n = 627) from 13 identified studies included in meta-analysis. Databases were searched up to 19 December 2
Open articleRheumatology
To investigate the clinical efficacy of separated moxibustion in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and related negative emotions based on gut microbiota, so as to explore its potential mechanism of action. A total of 70 RA patients were randomly divided into a control gr
Open articleRheumatology
This study aims to compare intranasal dexmedetomidine with inhaled nitrous oxide for procedural pain relief and sedation during intra-articular injections in a pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic. Patients from 1 to 18 years-of-age requiring 1-5 intra-articular injections we
Open articleRheumatology
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are common autoimmune disorders that have a serious impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Some patients with AS also suffer from IBD, and some studies have shown that there is a link between the 2. H
Open articleRheumatology
Pulmonary involvement (PI) in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), especially interstitial lung disease (ILD) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), predicts poor outcomes, but a synthesis distinguishing these phenotypes is lacking. We searched seven databases up to April 1, 2026, a
Open articleRheumatology
Objective To map the current evidence on components of fitness, physical activity and health-related quality of life, in addition to common fitness and health-related quality of life outcomes and assessment tools, explore existing evidence on the design and effects of muscle-stre
Open articleRheumatology
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance. Many patients remain symptomatic despite guideline-concordant pharmacologic therapy. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) modulates sympathetic activity and may provide an adjunctiv
Open articleSurgery
Conventional plate osteosynthesis is the corner stone for management of displaced parasymphyseal mandibular fractures that necessitate open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Yet, the conventional workflow is labor-intensive, time consuming and limited by variable reduction
Open articleSurgery
With the increasing adoption of totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (ttPCNL), prevention of stone fragment migration into the ureter has gained clinical importance. This study aimed to compare the incidence of ureteral fragment migration at the end of PCNL using a 5 Fr
Open articleSurgery
AIM: To compare the regional tissue oxygen saturation under general, spinal, and epidural anesthesias during the posterior lumbar discectomy procedures performed in the prone position. MATERIAL and METHODS: A total of 90 patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists scor
Open articleSurgery
The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize current evidence on end-of-life (EOL) communication in surgical and neurocritical care settings. While effective EOL communication is essential to support patient-centered decision-making and ethical care, its implementation in
Open articleSurgery
The standard surgical approach to the treatment of pediatric VUR is ureteral reimplantation. Although open surgery is still the standard benchmark for its long-term durability and high success rate, the development of minimally invasive techniques led to the creation of laparosco
Open articleSurgery
To compare clinical, operative, patient-reported, and economic outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in adults. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through June 13, 2025. T
Open articleSurgery
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) frequently cause maxillary hypoplasia, requiring surgical advancement, and virtual surgical planning (VSP) is increasingly used to improve accuracy. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the evidence on VSP-assisted maxillary advancement
Open articleSurgery
Closed-incision negative-pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) has been shown to reduce complications in high-risk wounds, but there is still no consensus in literature to whether it is effective when compared to standard wound dressing (SWD). Therefore, we aimed to perform a systemati
Open articleSurgery
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Open articleSurgery
We read with great interest the short-term outcomes of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for mid and low rectal cancer in Jurriaan B Tuynman and colleagues’ COLOR III trial,1 and the accompanying Comment by Patricia Sylla.2 The reduction in conversion rates versus lapar
Open articleSurgery
On June 3, 2024, a ransomware cyber-attack targeted a major pathology service provider for several National Health Service (NHS) trusts in southeast London, UK,1 severely disrupting essential services such as blood transfusions, pathology testing, and diagnostics, and affecting p
Open articleSurgery
Heart valve disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and aortic valve replacement (AVR) is a common treatment option. Recently, sutureless biological valves have gained increasing use. This study aimed to evaluate the concordance between preoperative computed to
Open articleSurgery
Small ventral hernia repair is among the most performed general surgical procedures. Despite the routine use of planar polypropylene mesh, surgical site occurrences (SSO) remain a frequent cause of morbidity, readmission, and patient dissatisfaction. A novel mesh-suture integrate
Open articleSurgery
To compare tegileridine-based and sufentanil-based patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) for postoperative gastrointestinal recovery in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. In this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial,
Open articleSurgery
Ischemia-reperfusion injury due to vascular pedicle occlusion is one of the most common causes of free flap failure in head and neck cancer reconstruction. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been proposed as an experimental, non-invasive intervention to attenuate flap isc
Open articleSurgery
Comparative randomized evidence specifically evaluating totally extraperitoneal (TEP) and Lichtenstein repair is limited. This study compared sex-related and general health-related quality of life following these two techniques. In this prospective randomized controlled trial, se
Open articleSurgery
Various grafting materials have been used for alveolar ridge preservation with varying degrees of success in maintaining ridge dimensions. This study compared the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a composite graft plug containing bioactive, resorbable calcium apatite crystal
Open articleSurgery
Quality of life (QoL) and bowel function are key outcomes in mid- and low rectal cancer. The comparative impact of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) versus transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) on patient-reported outcomes and long-term oncological results in r
Open articleSurgery
Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer causes substantial arm morbidity and long-term functional impairment. Less extensive axillary surgery, such as targeted axillary dissection (TAD), significantly reduces this risk. Although omission of ALND is standard in clin
Open articleSurgery
Managing chronic postsurgical pain is challenging. Evidence supporting the use of perioperative lidocaine to prevent it is inconsistent, potentially due to insufficient infusion duration. To determine the effect of extending lidocaine infusion to 24 hours for treating chronic pos
Open articleSurgery
The UroLume endoprosthesis (AMS/Endo-care), commercially available 1988-2007 and FDA-approved in 1996, was positioned as a permanent minimally invasive solution for recurrent bulbar urethral stricture and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Despite early procedural success, long-term d
Open articleSurgery
Class II malocclusion affects aesthetics and function. Traditional anchorage methods have limitations, and microimplant anchorage (MIA) requires thorough comparison. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of MIA with traditional anchorage in treating patients wit
Open articleSurgery
Postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) is a complication that often follows surgery. The condition is closely associated with impaired recovery, heightened pain sensitivity, and increased risk of chronic postsurgical pain. While pharmacological interventions like dexmedetomidine a
Open articleSurgery
Magnetically actuated surgical systems represent a disruptive class of mechatronic devices that offer a promising approach to enhance minimally invasive (MIS) procedures by reducing tissue trauma. This literature systematic review synthesizes 10 years evidence, from 2016 to 2026,
Open articleSurgery
The optimal suture material for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of absorbable sutures (AS) versus non-absorbable sutures (NAS), focusing on recurrence and suture-related complications. A systematic li
Open articleSurgery
With the growing application of the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), understanding patient preferences is critical to improving communication and supporting informed decision-making. This study aimed to identif
Open articleSurgery
Postoperative exudation after thyroidectomy can compromise healing. Although Sapylin (Group A Streptococcus pyogenes) promotes wound repair, its efficacy and safety in endoscopic thyroid cancer surgery remain unclear. This randomized controlled trial evaluated Sapylin's impa
Open articleSurgery
To investigate the clinical value of intraoperative high-frequency ultrasound in assessing the capsular continuity of thyroid follicular neoplasms and to evaluate its feasibility in guiding optimal frozen section sampling during surgical resection to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Open articleSurgery
Parathyroid preservation during total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma remains challenging due to the glands' delicate vascular anatomy and risk of inadvertent devascularization or excision. Although advanced technologies exist, lowco
Open articleSurgery
Emergency abdominal surgeries comprise most of emergencies and are high-risk procedures owing to their urgency and the limited time for optimization of comorbidities. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, in an adapted form, can potentially improve patient outcomes in
Open articleSurgery
Although laparoscopy continues to be the predominant minimally invasive approach in most emergency settings, the advantages of robotics, well established in elective surgery, are currently being explored in selected scenarios and specialized centres. A systematic review was condu
Open articleSurgery
To evaluate the association between interhospital transfer and postoperative mortality after emergency general surgery operations. In compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement standards, a systematic review including ran
Open articleSurgery
Readmissions following emergency laparotomy are frequent, and mainly a result of late-onset postoperative complications, worsening of pre-existing comorbidities, and non-compliance with care instructions. This review aimed to describe current evidence on readmission after emergen
Open articleSurgery
Early mobilization is considered a key strategy for enhancing recovery after elective surgery, yet its effect after emergency surgery remains unclear. Through this systematic review, we aim to isolate mobilization as a postoperative variable in an emergency setting to clarify its
Open articleSurgery
To evaluate the effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols on mortality and morbidity after trauma and non-trauma emergency laparotomies. A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis using random-effects modelling was conducted. All studies comparing outcomes of ERAS with no
Open articleSurgery
To compare postoperative pain, hernia-specific Quality of Life, inflammatory response and the long-term hernia-related complaints between self-fixating mesh and limited tack fixation in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair. This prospective double-bli
Open articleSurgery
Patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) frequently experience moderate-to-severe postoperative pain and anxiety-depressive symptoms, compromising postoperative quality of recovery (QoR). Esketamine is a promising adjunct for analgesia and anxiolysis; however, t
Open articleSurgery
Postoperative ileus is a transient impairment of gastrointestinal motility that occurs after surgery and anesthesia. Currently, there is a sustained trend toward investigating the role of serotonin as a regulator of intestinal motor function. To evaluate the clinical efficiency o
Open articleSurgery
Many authors have investigated whether a new functional end-to-end anastomosis, the Kono-S, or the resection of the mesentery could allow better results following primary ileocolic-resection for Crohn Disease. The Resection of the mesentery vs Kono-S anastomosis in preventing sur
Open articleSurgery
During Flexible ureteroscopy; Failed primary placement of the ureteral access sheath (UAS) or backloading of flexible ureteroscopy occurred in up to 22% of patients who required ureteric stent insertion for some time. This study was conducted to compare the outcomes of two versus
Open articleSurgery
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of 3D printing in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the treatment of complex renal calculi. Eighty patients with complex kidney stones admitted to Guangdong Second People's Hospital for PCNL surgery from October 1, 2021, to D
Open articleSurgery
To examine the effects of fiber post material and coronal preparation timing on the sealing ability of post-core systems and to determine whether these factors interact under thermal and mechanical aging conditions. A 2×2 factorial design was used. 60 freshly extracted single-roo
Open articleSurgery
Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a disabling complication of deep vein thrombosis and is associated with impaired functional status. To assess the impact of stent placement for post-thrombotic syndrome on functional outcomes and quality of life. The Aspirin Plus Rivaroxaban Versu
Open articleSurgery
The anesthetic characteristics of ultrasound-guided two-point rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) have not been fully established. This study compared the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided two-point RIB with that of two-point thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for postoperati
Open articleSurgery
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent inflammatory disorder that significantly impairs quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D plays an immunomodulatory role in sinonasal inflammation; however, its clinical significance in CRS remains unclear. To systemat
Open articleSurgery
Postoperative respiratory complications, particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene, contribute significantly to morbidity and healthcare burden. The oral cavity serves as a reservoir of pathogenic micro-organisms that, when aspirated during or after surgery, can lead to res
Open articleSurgery
BACKGROUND This study compared the effects of ultrasound-guided modified thoracoabdominal nerves block through the perichondrial approach (M-TAPA) and subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on postoperative recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. MATERIAL AND METH
Open articleSurgery
This noninferiority trial aimed to evaluate whether the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block (SPSIPB) provides noninferior postoperative analgesia compared with the thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) after unilateral mastectomy. This prospective, randomized, asses
Open articleSurgery
Older adults undergoing laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) hernia repair often experience inadequate analgesia and delayed mobilization. We tested the hypothesis that dual-plane abdominal wall blocks (transversus abdominis plane + rectus sheath block, TAP+RSB) using
Open articleSurgery
Successful apicoectomy relies on effective bone healing at the resected root apex. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and bone graft materials have been proposed to enhance regeneration, yet comparative evidence using both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging remains l
Open articleSurgery
This paper was designed to reveal the effects of evidence-based rehabilitation nursing (EBRN) combined with early neck and shoulder exercises on cervical mobility in patients with thyroid cancer (TC) undergoing transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via the vestibular approach (TOETV
Open articleSurgery
To compare the perioperative outcomes of a novel laparoscopic-like 3-arm + 2-port and traditional 4-arm + 1-port models in robot-assisted distal gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction in patients with resectable, non-metastatic gastric cancer. This randomized controlled tria
Open articleSurgery
Surgical site infections represent a significant complication after emergency laparotomy, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) may reduce the incidence of surgical site infections; however, evidence from rand
Open articleSurgery
Artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to be used within digital surgical wound monitoring to facilitate implementation at scale. AI acceptability is essential to its success. This study aimed to explore patient and staff acceptability of an AI-based digital surgical wound mon
Open articleSurgery
Papillary puncture is commonly recommended in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) because it is thought to reduce the risk of vascular injury. In patients with multiple renal stones, however, calyceal anatomy and stone distribution can make a strict papillary approach difficult.
Open articleSurgery
An Exchange about "Minimally Invasive versus Open Pancreatoduodenectomy for Resectable Neoplasms".
Open articleSurgery
Progress in artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis of surgical videos has been constrained by reliance on manual frame-level annotations rather than patient-level outcomes. In addition, concerns about data privacy restrict the exchange of laparoscopic video data and, thereby
Open articleSurgery
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic mesh reinforcement (PMR) at the closure of emergency midline laparotomy (EML), with a pre-specified subgroup analysis of contaminated and dirty wounds (CDC class III-IV). PRISMA 2020-compliant review (PROSPERO CRD420261324766; O
Open articleSurgery
Background bilateral chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is frequently encountered in neurosurgical practice, particularly in older adults. While burr-hole drainage remains the standard treatment, the optimal surgical strategy for bilateral disease is still debated. In daily practic
Open articleSurgery
Objective Artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to be used within digital surgical wound monitoring to facilitate implementation at scale. AI acceptability is essential to its success. This study aimed to explore patient and staff acceptability of an AI-based digital surgical
Open articleUnclassified
The research on pancreatitis and gut microbiota has expanded rapidly in recent years. Growing evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may play an important role in pancreatic inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction and disease progression, but global research landscape, major c
Open articleUnclassified
Liver transplantation (LT) in patients with situs inversus (S-I) is rare and technically challenging. The literature on such cases, particularly in pediatric populations, remains limited. Here, we report the surgical considerations and outcomes of two pediatric recipients with si
Open articleUnclassified
The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is considered an indirect marker of prenatal sex hormone exposure and has been investigated as a potential indicator of susceptibility to hormone-related diseases, including breast cancer. The purpose of this systematic review is to evalua
Open articleUnclassified
Adults with major lower limb amputation (LLA) due to dysvascular etiology often experience diverse health outcomes. However, the absence of standardized outcome reporting limits the ability to synthesize evidence, evaluate care models, and develop consistent clinical pathways. Th
Open articleUnclassified
To present an up-to-date summary of the association between ocular shape and myopia. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang from June 2009 to September 2025 for cross-sectional and cohort studies examining the association
Open articleUnclassified
Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of health care quality, and it guides improvement efforts. Although many local studies have examined perioperative patient satisfaction in Ethiopia, there is no comprehensive national synthesis. This gap limits the development of targeted s
Open articleUnclassified
Ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) contains bioactive compounds with vasodilatory properties that may benefit blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, findings from studies remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of ginger supplemen
Open articleUnclassified
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, a novel monopegylated interferon with improved pharmacokinetics, has emerged as a promising cytoreductive agent for managing polycythemia vera (PV). Despite increasing adoption, evidence synthesis of its efficacy and safety compared to standard care remai
Open articleUnclassified
Despite limited efficacy, patients are prescribed opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Guidelines recommend supporting the safe tapering of opioid prescriptions for these patients. This usually occurs in primary care, so there is a need to ascertain the efficacy of interve
Open articleUnclassified
Delirium is a frequent yet underrecognized neuropsychiatric syndrome among older patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) and is associated with adverse outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization, functional decline, and mortality. Evidence on ED delirium risk fact
Open articleUnclassified
The expanding use of biologic and small-molecule therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC) has raised concerns regarding perioperative safety. We conducted a network meta-analysis to compare short-term postoperative complications associated with preoperative exposure to these agents
Open articleUnclassified
Despite a growing evidence base indicating that trait procrastination increases risk for specific outcomes reflecting poor health, there is less evidence examining the implications of procrastination for overall health status, or investigating the contributing factors involved. G
Open articleUnclassified
A common mental health issue with major worldwide repercussions is depression. Psychological therapy and pharmaceutical treatments are the mainstays of modern depression treatment approaches. Numerous clinical studies have investigated acupuncture's potential role in treatin
Open articleUnclassified
Sleep problems are increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents, contributing to impaired daytime functioning, reduced academic performance, and long-term health risks. Aerobic exercise has been proposed as a promising behavioral strategy to promote sleep health in youth
Open articleUnclassified
Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy has become a major clinical research focus. Patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have been treated with different first-line ICI combinations in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but the
Open articleUnclassified
The association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and lacunar infarction (LI) remains inconclusive. The literature retrieval encompassed PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang (inception - Ma
Open articleUnclassified
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) occurs in up to 30% of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and remains a significant cause of infectious diarrhea. This meta-analysis evaluated the association of oral vancomycin prophylaxis (OVP) with CDI prevention after HS
Open articleUnclassified
Suicide is one of the major health problems that imposes a heavy burden on the health system. Currently, there is a notable absence of review and meta-analysis studies capable of exploring a broader spectrum of occupational factors associated with dimensions of suicide. This stud
Open articleUnclassified
Background: Estimating the association between childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) and trauma-related outcomes is important for prevention and intervention.Objective: We synthesised the evidence by differentiating between emotional abuse and emotional neglect, examining post-t
Open articleUnclassified
To quantify the mortality and relative mortality risk of glaucoma and its subtypes through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We identified prospective studies reporting glaucoma mortality published from January 1, 1990 to August 9, 2025. Data on absolute mortality and relati
Open articleUnclassified
Remote rehabilitation has become increasingly relevant after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, existing reviews have often pooled interventions with markedly different levels of clinician involvement, making it difficult to determine whether interactive, feedback-enabled mo
Open articleUnclassified
To evaluate the effectiveness of Cytoflavin in conjunction with standard therapy compared to standard therapy alone in patients presenting during the acute phase of ischemic stroke (IS). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the efficacy of Cyt
Open articleUnclassified
The multicentre ALaCaRT and ACOSOG Z6051 randomized trials were unable to demonstrate non-inferiority of laparoscopic versus open surgery for rectal cancer with respect to a composite pathology metric indicating successful resection. Neither trial was individually powered to dete
Open articleUnclassified
Chagas cardiomyopathy is associated with a higher risk of severe cardiovascular events and increased mortality. Among the factors associated with Chagas cardiomyopathy, impairment in functional capacity-commonly assessed using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional clas
Open articleUnclassified
Of the 3 published trials, only 1 showed possible efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) compared to best medical treatment (BMT) alone for medium or distal vessel occlusions (MDVO), whereas the others were neutral. Procedural conditions may affect the outcome. This is a post-h
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This analysis of the phase 3 TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 trial examined whether plasma tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) level can reliably monitor treatment-related amyloid clearance (TRAC) after donanemab treatment in early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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To evaluate the effectiveness of sleep monitoring, report feedback, and telephone-based guidance regarding sleep hygiene and daytime activity for community-dwelling older adults. We conducted a three-arm randomized controlled trial among community-dwelling adults in Japan. Partic
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ABBV-916, an anti-amyloid immunotherapy, was evaluated in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD). This phase 1b/2, double-blind, placebo-controlled study consisted of two stages: multiple ascending dose (Stage A) and dose expansion (Stage B). In Stage A, patients were
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To evaluate the short-term neurological outcomes in neonates with moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with citicoline. A randomised controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Paediatrics, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpin
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) progressively impairs cognitive function and quality of life (QoL). Patients frequently experience anxiety, which may accelerate cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the effects of narrative nursing combined with cognitive behavioral re
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The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the effects of functional treatment with twin block (TB) and Herbst appliances on sleep quality. A total of 46 patients having mandibular retrognathia and identified with OSA were divided randomly into two groups: Twin Block (TB)
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Pudendal neuralgia (PN) severely impacts quality of life, particularly sitting. Uncertainty exists whether catheter-based sacral nerve block with daily intermittent bolus (SNB) or pudendal nerve block (PNB) is more effective. This trial compared their efficacy over 6 months. A pr
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Despite the availability of student well-being services, university students remain highly susceptible to mental health challenges. Recent research highlights the potential of mindfulness-based interventions and attachment security priming in enhancing psychological well-being. T
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Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a prodromal phase of Lewy body diseases and linked to a high risk for cognitive decline. Therefore, iRBD provides a suitable window for early intervention. In the monocentric randomized controlled trial "Cog
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Chinese medicine (acupuncture and herbal medicine) is widely used in post-stroke rehabilitation in Southeast Asia. However, evidence on its effectiveness and optimal timing remains inconclusive. This study aimed to determine whether early integration (≤ 6 months post-stroke) of i
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Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is an established therapy for acute ischemic stroke when administered within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. However, many patients present beyond this window or with unknown onset, and recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated whether ima
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Patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors of the lower limbs frequently encounter substantial postoperative pain, delayed functional recovery, and adverse psychological reactions. Conventional nursing care may not adequately address these complex needs during the periop
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Patients undergoing curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer are vulnerable to perioperative protein loss, negative nitrogen balance and delayed recovery. Conventional peripheral parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations may not provide sufficient protein at clinically practical infu
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Cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent among hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors, yet access to evidence-based care is limited. This study evaluated adaptive, stepped-care treatment sequences for PTSD symptoms using a Sequential Multiple A
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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is predominantly a disease of older patients with a poor long-term survival. Approval of the combination of venetoclax (VEN) with azacitidine (AZA) or decitabine (DAC) in the European Union in 2021 for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed AM
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The tumour microenvironment (TME) influences breast cancer progression and treatment response. We investigated whether TME composition predicts tamoxifen benefit in postmenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative (ER+HER2-) breast cancer. This study included
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We hypothesized that a nursing navigator intervention with needs assessment, distress evaluation, and emotional support from diagnosis to follow-up would improve self-efficacy compared with standard care in colorectal cancer. Patients with a physician-verified suspicion of colore
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Dostarlimab in combination with carboplatin-paclitaxel was approved for primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (pA/rEC). The first interim analysis (IA1) of RUBY Part 1 (NCT03981796) showed no significant exposure-response (ER) relationship for progression-free survival
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Systemic administration of immunotherapy via intravenous injection is frequently associated with off-target toxicity throughout the body. In contrast, intratumoral injection has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate systemic adverse effects. However, data regarding the safe
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Adoptive cellular therapies may expand treatment options for pediatric brain tumors by focusing activity on tumor antigens and limiting off-tumor effects. We systematically reviewed preclinical and clinical evidence for CAR T cells, TCR-engineered T cells, and NK or γδ T-cell pla
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This prospective, randomized, split-mouth clinical study aimed to compare the clinical performance and survival rates of CAD/CAM-fabricated nanohybrid composite overlays (NCOs) and hybrid ceramic overlays (HCOs) produced using a digital workflow in first permanent molars (FPMs) a
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This study evaluated tympanometric cutoff points (tympanometric peak pressure and static compliance) for transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and determined their diagnostic accuracy. This analytical study, based on a randomized clinical trial, included 84 children (6-
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Because instruments are routinely employed by health professionals, it is essential to establish their psychometric quality, particularly regarding validity evidence. The study aimed to analyse the psychometric measures used in studies of validity evidence of instruments for asse
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Novel nonsteroidal topical therapies are increasingly used for pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD), but their comparative efficacy and safety remain unclear because direct active-comparator evidence is limited. We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (
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Children exposed to traumatic events frequently develop emotion dysregulation and impaired social adaptation, which severely impairs their psychosocial development. As a non-invasive, well-tolerated psychological intervention, trauma-informed music intervention yields promising t
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Children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) frequently experience high dental anxiety and behavioral challenges that complicate routine dental care. Nonpharmacological behavior management strategies have been increasingly implemented; however, their effectiv
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Zirconia and composite strip crowns are considered as restorative options for decayed primary incisors in children. Zirconia crowns are preferred for their durability and natural appearance, while composite strip crowns are valued for their cost-effectiveness and ease of use. How
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Acne pathophysiology and presentation may differ by patient age or sex. In clinical trials, clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide 3.1% (CAB) gel demonstrated efficacy and a positive safety profile in participants with moderate-to-severe acne. This post hoc a
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Culture-based monitoring of bacterial load is slow and susceptible to missing data, contributing to the length and cost of TB clinical trials. Non-culture-based alternatives, like the Tuberculosis Molecular Load Bacterial Assay (TB-MBLA), could represent a solution. Our objective
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To evaluate the effectiveness of Tuberculosis Treatment Support Tools (TB-TST), a patient centred digital adherence technology, in improving treatment outcomes among individuals with drug susceptible tuberculosis in Argentina. Pragmatic, two arm, parallel randomised controlled tr
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With increasing H5 avian influenza cases reported globally and the potential for pandemic emergence, induction of cross-reactive antibody responses may represent an important attribute of an effective vaccine. This phase 2 extension study evaluated immunogenicity and safety of MF
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This study evaluated the effectiveness of web-based educational video module on diabetes knowledge, empowerment, and clinical outcomes among adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in a primary care setting. A single-centre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial was c
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Global glycemic control in diabetes is suboptimal, with persistent gaps between guideline recommendations and clinical practice. To evaluate the effectiveness of a role-playing-based intensive training program for physicians in improving glycemic control among patients with type
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Chronic wounds remain a significant clinical challenge, primarily because of persistent obstacles including prolonged healing duration, high recurrence rates, and limited responsiveness to standard therapies. These limitations impose a considerable burden, which severely affects
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Depression and anxiety are prevalent in working-aged adults. Although treatment provided by health professionals can improve symptoms and functioning, many people experiencing mental ill-health do not seek help. There have been very few effective interventions to improve help see
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Social anxiety disorder has a considerable negative impact on educational attainment, employment status, and relationship development. Exposure therapy is an established method used to treat social anxiety by getting patients used to talking to other people. However, this procedu
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To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ranquilon1 at 6 mg daily, compared with Afobazol (fabomotizole) at 30 mg daily, for the treatment of patients with anxiety associated with neurasthenia and adjustment disorders. The clinical study included 200 patients diagnosed with anxiety
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Erroneous beliefs about gambling contribute to the development and maintenance of problem gambling and represent an important public health concern. Norsk Tipping (NT), the state-owned gambling operator in Norway, initiated the Spillepuls project to develop and evaluate preventiv
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Psychological First Aid (PFA) has been widely promoted as a universal intervention following traumatic incidents. However, early interventions once considered preventative were later found harmful, underscoring the importance of testing before widespread use. This randomised cont
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To investigate whether the method of introducing complementary feeding (CF) is related to pediatric feeding disorders (PFD) in the first year of life. Clinical trial with 128 mother-child pairs randomized into intervention groups by CF methods: traditional, Baby-Led Introduction
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Most people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) do not receive treatment. Few digital evidence-based treatments have been tested among community-based samples of people with AUD. The present trial of Computer-Based Training for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT4CBT) (1) assessed CBT4
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Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the predominant subtype of mild cognitive impairment, carries the highest risk of progression to Alzheimer disease among all mild cognitive impairment subtypes. Currently, clinical practice lacks an established, authoritative treatment m
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In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we compared the efficacy of perineural 2 µg/kg dexmedetomidine and 5 mg dexamethasone as adjuvants to bupivacaine for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. We hypothesized that the combi
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Evaluate the impact of sugammadex on gastrointestinal recovery following complex AWR. This single-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial randomized 184 patients undergoing open retromuscular AWR to receive either sugammadex or neostigmine/glycopyrrolate for neuromusc
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Secondary anal sphincter repair is necessary in fewer than 3% of cases following primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI). Although there is some growing evidence comparing early and delayed secondary repairs, the traditional and most common way to manage second
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Ultrasound-guided external oblique intercostal plane block (EOIPB) is a modified block technique used in the past few years for anterolateral upper abdominal wall analgesia. This study observed the efficacy of EOIPB in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). To evaluat
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To evaluate whether preoperative clinical Enzian scoring and digital rectal examination improve accuracy of operative time prediction and surgical outcomes in women undergoing surgery for endometriosis. Prospective, randomized, multicenter pilot trial. Three urban teaching hospit
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To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacologic interventions, specifically auditory distraction (music or comedy) and haptic distraction (stress-relief device), in maintaining hemodynamic stability during dental implant surgery. This was a prospective, single-center, randomized tria
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Patients with hip fractures undergoing arthroplasty are typically old and frail, and superficial surgical site infections (SSIs) can delay mobilization and prolong hospitalization. Preoperative skin antisepsis is a low-cost, universally used intervention. However, clinical practi
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We aimed to compare the effect of 2 femoral stem designs on periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) after total hip arthroplasty in a randomized controlled trial. We hypothesized that a short collum-fixated stem (Primoris) would better preserve proximal BMD than a conventional
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Laparoscopic ovariectomy (LOE) is a common procedure for elective sterilization in dogs and is associated with less tissue trauma than open techniques. However, manipulation of the ovarian pedicle may still induce nociceptive stimulation and contribute to perioperative inflammato
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Home-based rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) often lacks objective monitoring. To address this limitation, we developed the ANAPA digital rehabilitation (DR) system, which includes a patient-facing mobile application for clinical efficacy evaluation (AN
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Anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment is effective in ulcerative colitis (UC). Optimal treatment duration is uncertain. This trial studies outcome after anti-TNF withdrawal compared to maintenance treatment in UC. In this prospective, multicentre, randomized, controlle
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Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy offers promise for treating autoimmune diseases due to its strong immunomodulatory effects. We investigated the long-term safety of a single intravenous injection with human umbilical cord blood-derived (hUCB)-MSCs in patients with rheumatoid a
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 533-545, August 6, 2026.
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Europe is burning. Wildfires in France and Spain have engulfed hundreds of square miles of land, destroying homes and forcing the evacuation of 330 000 people as the threat now moves east to Greece, Italy, and central Europe. The fires have been so large and intense that they hav
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In the past few decades, treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has seen vast growth, resulting in numerous drugs being approved for the management of this devastating condition. The presumed result of these changes in treatment strategy, including initiation of upfro
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There are core principles that command broad consensus in the initial treatment of patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). First, induction should consist of a high-dose methotrexate-based polychemotherapy regimen to elicit tumour response. Second, post-induction therapy foll
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When penicillin first entered hospital wards in the 1940s, its use was essentially treatment through experimentation. Early publications were case series by clinicians learning by doing, describing their experience in detail for the knowledge of other physicians and the benefit o
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At a moment of “rupture”1 in the multilateral system, middle powers can and should ensure the cooperation needed for global public health. Middle powers are “states that are neither great nor small in terms of international power, capacity, and influence”.2 The category includes
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Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are everywhere. These tiny particles—formed by abrasion, fragmentation, and open burning of plastics—are found in the ocean, the Arctic, Himalayan glaciers, air, food, and drinking water.1 More recently, they have been reported in human lung
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The country has managed to bring Bundibugyo virus transmission under control as the outbreak still rages in neighbouring DR Congo. Paul Adepoju reports.
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The introduction of harsh penalties for same-sex relations has created a climate of fear that is severely disrupting HIV services. Gilbert Nakweya reports.
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Measles is now endemic in Romania after large falls in vaccination rates. The National Institute of Public Health is trying to reverse the trend. Andrei Popoviciu reports.
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Alison Holmes is making plans. As the Director of the Fleming Initiative, a global partnership led by Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), she wants to use the 2028 centenary of Sir Alexander Fleming's d
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Travelling to London during one of the hottest weeks of the year in the UK to see a musical about climate change felt both difficult and ironic. Inside the theatre, however, was something quite different. The audience was visibly youthful, and there was a refreshing and bustling
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On a hot April day, Brahim, a 15-year-old boy, and his mother saw a physician at a hospital in southwestern Algeria's Sahara Desert. Brahim's mother had found two small lumps on her son's neck. Once the most active of her five children, Brahim had lost his energy a
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Physician specialising in refugee health and humanitarian response. Born on April 14, 1954, in Hargeisa, Somalia, he died on April 26, 2026, following a cerebral stroke, in Lüneberg, Germany, aged 72 years.
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Since July 5, 2026, exceptionally heavy monsoon rainfall, runoff from surrounding hills, high tides, and embankment failures have caused flash floods, prolonged waterlogging, and landslides across southeastern Bangladesh. By July 11, at least 44 people had died across seven affec
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The health-care system in the occupied Palestinian territory is undergoing a silent, catastrophic collapse, pushing regional public hospitals to the brink of total structural failure. As an emergency medicine and oncology physician at Dura Governmental Hospital, West Bank—a cruci
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Cardiovascular disease killed 19·1 million people in 2023, accounting for nearly one in three deaths worldwide, and the annual number is still rising.1 Investment has transformed outcomes for coronary disease, heart failure, and hypertension. Yet that progress has been rationed.
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We read with interest the Seminar by Mervyn Singer and colleagues,1 which highlights advances and ongoing challenges in sepsis pathobiology and therapeutics. The authors discuss immunosuppression as a key modifier of sepsis risk, clinical presentation, and outcomes, particularly
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We thank Matthew J Cummings and colleagues for their insightful comments on our Seminar.1 They wished to raise awareness that people living with HIV are at increased risk of developing sepsis and of experiencing higher sepsis-related mortality and morbidity. Indeed, we addressed
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In the SCOUT trial, Carl Llor and colleagues compared single-dose fosfomycin with three active comparators in 768 women with uncomplicated cystitis.1 The headline conclusion that fosfomycin's first-line role “should be re-evaluated” outruns the data on three counts.
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We thank Shankar Biswas and colleagues for their interest in the SCOUT trial.1 Although the study was underpowered, as discussed in the Article, the direction and magnitude of the observed effects warrant consideration. Among women with a positive baseline urine culture, a 5-day
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The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 underscores the stark reality that inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) remain among the most preventable yet persistent drivers of global morbidity and mortality.1 Despite decades of evidence
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We thank Michele Bibas, Pedro C Hallal and colleagues, and Akhona V Mazingisa and Charles S Wiysonge for their engagement with the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023.1 Their Correspondences highlight the importance of distinguishing between cau
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In patients with PAH receiving contemporary background therapy, ralinepag significantly reduced the risk of first clinical worsening compared with placebo, but was associated with more adverse-event-related treatment discontinuations. These results support the use of ralinepag as
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In the largest randomised trial in untreated PCNSL to date, HCT–ASCT significantly improved progression-free and overall survival compared with non-myeloablative consolidation in patients who had completed induction treatment, establishing it as the preferred consolidation strate
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For sub-Saharan African children hospitalised with severe CAP without complicating factors, a strategy of stepping down upon clinical improvement to oral amoxicillin after initial intravenous antibiotics, with a total treatment duration of 4–5 days, is non-inferior to WHO-recomme
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The global health workforce is approaching a breaking point, driven by administrative overload, inefficient workflows, burnout, and accelerating retirements, with a projected global shortfall of 11 million health professionals by 2030. This urgency coincides with the rapid emerge
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Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR-based assays for orthoebolaviruses such as Ebola, Sudan, and Bundibugyo viruses are resource intensive and take several hours to provide results, highlighting the need for rapid point-of-care tests. Using previously generated murine monoclon
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Respected infectious disease expert, physician, and leader in prison health care died on May 27, 2026, aged 81 years.
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Understanding the mechanisms underlying host adaptation in emerging viruses is essential for future pandemic preparedness. Data published in 2021 suggest that thermosensitivity influences the viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 in humans,1 with later omicron subvariants (eg, BQ.1.1) show
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This issue of the journal marks our 10th anniversary, a milestone that offers an opportunity to reflect on the progress made in gastroenterology and hepatology since we last took stock, 5 years ago. In addition, although not exhaustive, the issue features a number of Comments hig
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Lynch syndrome is a common inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome defined by pathogenic variants in the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, and deletions in EPCAM, which might result in altered expression of MSH2. Colorectal cancer is the most commonly occurri
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The development of new therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has traditionally followed a familiar path: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are studied separately, under separate protocols, with separate development programmes and separate timelines. Yet, clinic
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, are multisystem disorders in which metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrogenic pathways converge to cause liver injury. Therapy previously focused on l
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An estimated 2 million individuals die from liver disease every year.1 Progress towards reducing morbidity and mortality due to viral hepatitis has stalled.2 And the burden of liver disease related to alcohol use and metabolic dysfunction is growing. Recent data, for instance, su
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Reflecting on the past decade of progress in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) feels like observing a thunderstorm of scientific and clinical advances. Yet despite this intensity, a definitive cure remains elusive. To appreciate the current state of the field, it is useful to reme
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Over the past decade, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting over 1·27 billion people, with prevalence predicted to continue increasing until 2040.1 The multisystem nature of
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Diet is a much sought-after intervention for the management of gastrointestinal disease by both patients and clinicians. The past decade has witnessed a step-change in progress in the quantity and quality of dietary research for both the risk and the treatment of gastrointestinal
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A decade ago, advances in the systemic treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma had been stalled for some time. Sorafenib, the first multikinase inhibitor used to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, had been approved in 2007 based on a modest survival benefit compared
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Disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia, are a group of conditions previously termed functional gastrointestinal disorders, in which individuals report chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms in the absen
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In 2016, the World Health Assembly formally recognised viral hepatitis as a global health concern and adopted the global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis.1 Targets for eliminating viral hepatitis were ambitious: a 90% reduction in the incidence of chronic hepatitis infec
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In the past decade, the landscape of cholestatic liver diseases has undergone a profound transformation. Our understanding has moved from a descriptive approach with a basic understanding of pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases to recognising them as a complex group of diso
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When the first studies describing the large-scale sequencing of the human gut microbiome were published more than 15 years ago, the possibilities seemed endless. The popular press, fundraisers, and the clinical community did not avoid hyperbole when describing the medical revolut
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A decade ago, artificial intelligence (AI) in gastroenterology remained largely theoretical. Convolutional neural networks had just begun to show promise in image recognition tasks, but clinical applications were limited to small proof-of-concept studies. The prospect of real-tim
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Over the past decade, the landscape of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in gastroenterology and hepatology in the USA has evolved; however, substantial gaps remain. There has been marginal movement in the number of physicians under-represented in medicine, namely Latino (or
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We read with great interest the Viewpoint by Rajiv Jalan and colleagues discussing rifaximin, therapeutic drift, and antimicrobial stewardship in cirrhosis.1 The topic is undoubtedly of major clinical relevance because rifaximin remains the standard of care for secondary preventi
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We thank Carmelo Scarpignato and Manuel Romero-Gómez for their thoughtful Correspondence, and we agree on most of the key points made. Rifaximin remains a valuable drug, its place in the secondary prevention of recurrent overt hepatic encephalopathy is secure, and antimicrobial r
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In 2023, we described a paradox in gastroenterology: an increasingly ethnically diverse workforce—mostly among trainees and early-career clinicians—alongside leadership structures that did not reflect this diversity.1,2 Since then, professional societies have made some progress i
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Although non-inferiority could not formally be concluded for either 100 mg or 300 mg of aspirin daily by comparison with 600 mg aspirin daily, there was evidence that the 100 mg dose had similar characteristics to 600 mg in terms of cancer risk but with fewer side-effects and les
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Duvakitug showed significant evidence for clinical remission versus placebo, with no safety concerns identified, in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.
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Duvakitug showed significant evidence for endoscopic response versus placebo in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease, with no safety concerns identified.
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In participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and clinically significant fibrosis, the combination of zalfermin 30 mg plus semaglutide 2·4 mg did not significantly increase the proportion of participants who had an improvement in liver fibrosis and no wors
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The Rome V criteria for IBS identified a different group of patients, with lower sensitivity than either Rome III or IV criteria in this single centre secondary care study. The clinical relevance of this is uncertain.
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Liver disease causes substantial global morbidity and mortality, with a growing burden from steatotic liver disease driven by alcohol use and metabolic dysfunction, alongside persisting challenges from chronic viral hepatitis. Liver disease burden is unequal between and within co
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JAMA
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Listen to the JAMA Editor’s Summary for an overview and discussion of the important articles appearing in JAMA.
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People who use glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) medications may have an increased risk of smell and taste disturbances, new research suggests.
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Current use of tobacco products among US middle school and high school students declined from 2022 to 2025, according to results from the 2025 National Youth Tobacco Survey.
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The approval of additional respiratory biologics for asthma was associated with a significant decline in exacerbations, a study published in JAMA Network Open found.
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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first oral carbapenem therapy for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs).
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People who drank more sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice from childhood to adulthood had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure, a study found.
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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first generic single-dose treatment for influenza.
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This Medical News article discusses a new study that adds to existing evidence that acetaminophen use during pregnancy does not appear to cause autism or ADHD.
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This Medical News article discusses a request from the US Department of Health and Human Services to update testosterone therapy product labels following evolving scientific evidence of their safety.
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This Viewpoint discusses the expansion of blood-based biomarker testing for Alzheimer disease and outlines patient-physician communication strategies for end-of-life questions and physician-assisted death.
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This narrative review discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of alcohol-related liver disease.
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This secret shopper study characterizes the prescription process and clinical engagement for obtaining glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) from online sellers.
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To the Editor In a Viewpoint, Dr Bilinski raised ethical concerns about the limited conduct of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in pregnancy. Expanding evidence on medicine use during pregnancy is crucial. However, limitations are largely methodological.
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In Reply I believe RCTs should be routinely used for evaluating drug safety and efficacy during pregnancy, just as they are for nonpregnant individuals. While I agreed in my Viewpoint that observational studies may complement RCTs in detecting rare adverse effects, the broader co
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This Perspective from the National Academy of Medicine discusses the concept of a whole-system model of trust in science, medicine, and public health, involving coordinated action across sectors to improve communication, community engagement, and access to information.
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W. L. Beebe, M.D., St. Cloud, Minn.
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To the Editor A recent randomized clinical trial reported that a web-based decision-support tool for antidepressant selection in patients with major depressive disorder was associated with lower all-cause discontinuation of antidepressants at 8 weeks compared with usual care.
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In Reply We thank Drs Parikh and Elwyn for their interest in our article that showed that using an evidence-based decision-support system (the PETRUSHKA tool), compared with usual care, may help more patients continue antidepressant treatment and reduce depressive and anxiety sym
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JAMA Senior Editor Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH, spoke with Dimitri A. Christakis, MD, MPH, a pediatrician at Seattle Children’s Hospital and editor in chief of JAMA Pediatrics, about the use of social media among children and teens for Healthy Dialogue.
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Someday I too will be dead but not rotten. The undertaker will have drained my blood into the floor sink that leads to a flood of sewer waste and all I will have gotten was eye gloss and rouge and my lips sewed tight. My lost possessions will fill city dumps. My organs will set i
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Of all the so-called “received forms” in English, the sonnet is the most familiar (and perhaps the most frequently published in JAMA). In “Suturing,” the predictable sonnet structure, and its harkening across centuries to the likes of Shakespeare and Donne, gratifies readers whil
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This Viewpoint discusses the executive order supporting the development and approval of psychedelic drugs and outlines issues surrounding their ethical and evidence-based integration into clinical care.
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To the Editor Dr Stern and colleagues argued persuasively for a transition toward outcomes-based accreditation and reaffirmed the importance of external validation in maintaining the profession’s social contract with society. Their call for reform is timely. However, several dime
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To the Editor We are writing in response to the Perspective article “A Call for Education Leadership in Accreditation Reform” to applaud some aspects of the article, provide relevant clarifications, and ensure awareness of work that is underway in graduate medical education (GME)
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In Reply We appreciate Drs Weinstein and Thibault’s and Dr Rajput’s thoughtful responses and agree that reform of accreditation focusing on outcomes and stewarded by physicians and educators must be part of the task of accrediting organizations at this time. The focus on GME rais
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In this narrative medicine essay, a medical student adapts to her sudden hearing loss with the help a cochlear implant and by overcoming her reticence to disclose her disability.
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This randomized trial investigates whether a self-directed cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) program that provides personal feedback reduces chronic pain more effectively than CBT-CP delivered by a clinician.
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This study assessed whether self-directed cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) with asynchronous, audio-recorded personalized feedback is more effective in reducing pain than usual clinical care.
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Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and other incretin-based medications, especially the newer-generation long-acting medications, have transformed the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related cardiometabolic disorders with broad-spectrum efficacy that is
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This study evaluates short-term outcomes of robot-assisted (Rt) and laparoscopic (Lap) intracorporeal anastomosis (IA) in colon resection using an exploratory single-center retrospective cohort and a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelin
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Non-invasive Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) tests are widely used in clinical practice in Japan; however, their diagnostic accuracy may vary with the composition of the target population, and no systematic review has synthesized their performance specifically in Japanese populat
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We aimed to systematically summarize data on efficacy of local salvage therapies for local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar through 05/08/2026, for studies on local salvage therapies for local recur
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Health systems (HSs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face significant challenges. Integrated HSs approach has been considered a feasible option for eliminating HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B (triple elimination). We performed a systematic review to determine the extent of utilisation
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health burden globally, associated with high healthcare costs and mortality rates. In Africa, the prevalence of CKD is estimated at around 10-15% in adults, with factors such as HIV, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular
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Digital screen exposure has risen sharply across paediatric, adolescent, and adult populations, and many individuals with migraine report that screen use triggers or worsens attacks. To systematically review and meta-analyse the association between digital screen exposure and mig
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Diabetes is of great interest globally, given the associated health and economic costs. It may impact long-term systemic and oral health with unfavourable outcomes when undetected or poorly controlled, leading to various oral manifestations, including premature tooth loss and red
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Remote telesurgery allows surgeons to operate over a distance using robotic systems and advanced networks. This review aims to compare remote telesurgery with local minimally invasive surgery (MIS) regarding patient outcomes and system-level outcomes. A PRISMA-compliant systemati
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Academic engagement has emerged as a central construct in higher education research, increasingly positioned as an integrative indicator of educational quality and long-term student outcomes. Despite exponential growth in engagement-related publications, the field remains theoret
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Regional intra-arterial delivery of cytotoxic drugs into bronchial arteries (bronchial artery infusion - BAI; bronchial arterial chemoembolization - BACE; drug-eluting bead BACE - DEB-BACE) aims to maximize local tumor exposure while minimizing systemic toxicity. Recent single-ce
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Tirzepatide and semaglutide are widely used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. However, the blood pressure-related adverse event profiles associated with tirzepatide and semaglutide remain unclear. This study systematically evaluated hypertension- and hypotension-re
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The cardiovascular impact of hypothyroidism remains controversial, particularly regarding the distinction between cardiovascular disease occurrence and cardiovascular prognosis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to separately evaluate the association between hypo
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To explore whether the association between tumor-associated sarcopenia and dysphagia generalizes across tumor types and differs between head and neck cancer (HNC) and other cancers. Eligible studies published before December 31, 2024 were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Sci
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Endoscopic skull base surgery is widely used for various skull base pathologies. The nasoseptal flap (NSF) is considered the gold-standard reconstructive technique to reduce postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. However, its impact on olfactory function remains unclear.
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Randomized clinical trials have shown that second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) improve overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). In Japan, combined androgen blockade (CAB) has been widely used as conventional ho
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Evidence suggests that people with glaucoma may experience more depressive symptoms than those without glaucoma, but prior estimates have been limited by heterogeneous ascertainment and insufficient separation of comparative, prevalence, and longitudinal evidence. We searched Pub
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This study aimed to compare the efficacy and short-term tolerability of microneedling combined with either tranexamic acid or vitamin C for melasma. A systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted across five databases (MEDLINE, Google Scholar
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Hemorrhagic acute brain injury-encompassing traumatic brain injury, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage-carries substantial morbidity and mortality. Active hemorrhage and hematoma progression constitute shared pathological mechanisms across these con
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A mobile low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) unit is an effective strategy for early lung cancer detection, particularly in high-risk populations affected by social and healthcare disparities. However, existing reviews are limited by only focusing on diagnostic outcomes. This stu
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In advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after EGFR-TKI failure, chemotherapy alone offers limited benefit, while heterogeneous efficacy and safety across combination regimens complicate treatment selection. We systematically compared chemotherapy-anchored regim
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is a common secondary glomerular disease in children. Approximately 30% of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura develop this renal complication, and among them, about 20% may progress to chronic kidney disease. Current treatment relies
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Post-stroke thalamic pain (PSTP) represents one of the most challenging types of refractory central neuropathic pain. The application of herbal medicine alongside Western medicine (WM) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic option for managing PSTP. Nevertheless, its compre
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Loneliness is increasingly recognized as an important psychosocial health issue among older adults. Older adults with chronic diseases and multimorbidity may be particularly vulnerable because long-term disease burden, coexisting chronic conditions, functional limitations, and re
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Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain one of the most disabling and costly complications of diabetes. Although standard of care (SOC) is the foundation of DFU management, many ulcers fail to heal adequately, prompting increasing use of adjunctive therapies. However, the comparative
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Smartphones support communication, access to services, and social participation in later life, but a small and growing evidence base addresses patterns of use characterised by loss of control and functional interference among older adults. To map the concepts, assessment tools, h
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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in host-parasite interactions, yet the rapid proliferation of publications has made it challenging to obtain a comprehensive, unbiased view of the field's intellectual structure and evolving frontiers. We performed
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with a broad spectrum of symptoms, which makes timely and accurate diagnosis challenging. The development of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) has created opportunities for automated ASD screening
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Pharmacogenetics plays an increasingly important role in oncology by supporting individualized therapeutic strategies based on patient genetic profiles. ClinicalTrials.gov provides a valuable platform for evaluating global trends in pharmacogenetic anticancer clinical trials. Thi
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This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of renal denervation (RDN) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis and resistant hypertension. A comprehensive search of PubMe
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Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a major complication following gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary-pancreatic, and pancreatic surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in reducing SSIs
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The diverse pathogenic mechanisms of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) result in therapeutic difficulties. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the impact of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) on prognosis of patients with MINOCA.
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Depression poses a major global health burden. Many patients exhibit treatment resistance or experience intolerable side effects with standard therapies. Acupuncture shows promise as an adjunctive therapy for depression, but its neurobiological mechanisms remain incompletely unde
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants face elevated risks of neonatal sepsis, influenced by maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Dolutegravir (DTG), a widely used integrase transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and the preferred first line drugs for management of HI
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Selective D1/D5 dopamine receptor partial agonists are proposed to provide motor benefit without the impulse control disorders and somnolence associated with D2/D3 dopamine agonists. With tavapadon under regulatory review, no quantitative synthesis of this drug class exists. Emba
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Inadequate bowel preparation (IBP) can impair the safety, efficiency, and diagnostic accuracy of colonoscopy. Numerous multivariable prediction models have been developed to identify patients at high risk of IBP, yet their reported performance varies substantially. To systematica
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Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is increasingly used to guide cardiovascular interventions. This study compared the performance of ICE with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in device closures of interatrial communications. A systematic search through PubMed, Scopus, Coc
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Percutaneous needle placement is ubiquitous across specialties, yet accuracy remains constrained by needle-tissue interactions and target localization, motivating interest in robotic assistance. However, clinical benefit has yet to be systematically pooled. Following PRISMA guide
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Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a key biomarker for immunotherapy in gastric cancer (GC), but preoperative non-invasive prediction remains challenging. Radiomics is promising; however, a systematic evaluation of its diagnostic performance with explicit consideration of overfi
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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is driven by persistent inflammation and microvascular damage. Statins are hypothesized to offer vasculoprotective effects beyond lipid-lowering. We systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of statins in SSc across biochemical, vascular, and patie
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The optimal timing of surgical intervention for peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) after gunshot wounds (GSWs) is controversial. Although delayed intervention has traditionally been preferred, recent reports suggest earlier intervention may improve outcomes. This study compares ear
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Climate change is intensifying environmental exposures - wildfire smoke, ambient air pollution, extreme heat, and weather-driven disasters - with plausible but incompletely quantified consequences for cancer, and no prior synthesis has jointly examined them across cancer incidenc
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We reviewed evidence on whether vaccinated individuals can transmit measles and conducted a meta-analysis to understand transmission characteristics. We searched and extracted data from peer-reviewed and gray literature and included studies reporting measles transmission events f
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Cardiovascular complications remain the leading cause of mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), with heart failure (HF) representing a major clinical challenge. Beyond neurohormonal dysregulation, malnutrition and chronic microinflammation contribute sig
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In-hospital cardiac arrest carries high mortality despite advances in monitoring, rapid response systems, and adherence to advanced life support (ALS) guidelines. Digital decision-support tools, including mobile applications, are increasingly explored to improve guideline adheren
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Chronic heart failure (CHF) significantly impairs physical function and quality of life. Although exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation represents a primary therapeutic strategy, participation rates remain low due to logistical barriers. Digital health technologies (DHTs) offer a
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Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related overlap syndrome involving myositis, myocarditis, and myasthenia gravis (3M overlap syndrome) is rare but potentially fatal. Current evidence is derived mainly from case reports and small case series, and individual case-level data on anc
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Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and a history of myocardial infarction (MI) face a high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) reduce cardiovascular risk, but no he
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Biventricular pacing (BiVP) is the gold standard for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), yet up to 30% of patients fail to respond. Conduction system pacing (CSP) has emerged as an alternative with potential for physiol
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The concept of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome has recently been introduced as an integrated framework linking heart, kidney, and metabolic disorders. However, a global overview of the research landscape in this emerging field is still lacking. Publications related
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The PROTECTeD study sought to develop an evidence-based termination of resuscitation guideline for use within United Kingdom ambulance services. This mixed-methods study comprised several work packages: Work package 1 - diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis of termination of res
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Nurses are pivotal in promoting self-care among patients with heart failure (HF), particularly by educating them on how to prevent potential complications and rehospitalisations. Meanwhile, optimal self-care in patients with heart failure is a positive predictor of improved physi
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are the archetypal components of cardiometabolic syndromes associated with heart failure (HF) with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF/HFmrEF). The specific contribution of T2DM, independent of obesity, to myocardial ad
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Pressure wire-based fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the reference standard for physiologic lesion assessment but remains underutilized owing to the need for hyperemia, procedural complexity, and wire-related risks. Angiography-derived FFR provides a wire- and hyperemia-free asse
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Conduction system pacing (CSP) has emerged as a physiologic alternative to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular pacing (BiVP) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), yet its comparative effects remain uncertain. This meta-analysis sought to
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Amyloid-lowering antibodies are associated with neuroanatomical volume changes. This study aims to disentangle the contributions of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and amyloid clearance to these changes. Data from the GRADUATE I and II trials of gantenerumab in early
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Progressive neurological diseases (PNDs) such as Parkinson disease and multiple sclerosis cause profound motor and nonmotor symptom burdens that significantly impair health-related quality of life. Beyond physical challenges, patients face profound psychospiritual distress driven
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Intensive, high-repetition practice is one of the strategies incorporated into upper-limb task-oriented training (UL-TOT) to promote experience-dependent neural plasticity after stroke. Although a target of 300 repetitions during a one-hour UL-TOT session is feasible, considerabl
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ABvac40 is an active immunotherapy targeting Aβ40, the main component of cerebrovascular deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A 24-month randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study (Part A) showed favorable safety and robust immunogenicity, with exploratory signals of cl
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Overlapping network architecture supports functional integration and multifunctional regional engagement in the brain, and may serve as a candidate biomarker for interventions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the biological context underlying intermittent theta-burst s
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Current recommended blood pressure (BP) targets during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) rely on a one-size-fits-all approach aiming at preventing hypertension. The efficacy and safety of an individualized BP control during thrombectomy for ischemic stroke has not been well studied. W
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To investigate the effects of an eight-week physiotherapy program focusing on balance, coordination, and muscle strengthening on gait, mobility, posture, and motor proficiency in children with low vision. Twenty-two children aged 7-14 years with ophthalmologist-diagnosed low visi
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for tethered cord syndrome. In a randomized, prospective, single-blind study, 73 patients aged 1-18 years with American Societ
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Dizziness and vertigo are common and debilitating neurological symptoms among patients visiting the emergency department (ED). Possibly because the symptoms are not captured by standard stroke severity tools such as the NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), their ne
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Upper limb motor function is one of the most desired abilities of individuals with tetraplegia. Virtual reality-based exergaming is one of the advanced methods of supplementing conventional rehabilitation that enables the user to perform multiple repetitions of meaningful movemen
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This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of an app-guided mindfulness meditation (MM) intervention compared to a health education (HE) control for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic pain. A pilot randomized controlled trial recruited 60 individual
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to severe mobility impairments, necessitating intense rehabilitation to promote recovery and optimize outcomes. Overground robotic exoskeletons (ORE) are emerging gait training tools, but their capacity to elicit moderate-to-vigorous intensity
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BACKGROUND Stroke frequently causes persistent motor impairment and dependence in activities of daily living (ADL). Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive, repetitive, task‑specific training that may promote neuroplasticity. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of VR-based
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Apnea of prematurity is a frequent clinical complication in very preterm infants. Olfactory stimulation has been proposed as a complementary nonpharmacological strategy to reduce apnea episodes, although previous studies have shown methodological limitations. The PREMODEUR study
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Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been implicated in modifying treatment response and clinical outcomes in Parkinson's disease(PD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HP eradication therapy on motor symptoms, non-motor symptom burden, and quality of life in pati
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Insomnia is common in anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD), but cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is understudied in these conditions. We evaluated the (cost-)effectiveness of CBT-I in adults with insomnia and sy
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Shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS), as a significant complication of stroke, has seen a continuous increase in incidence. The Fire Dragon Cupping (FDC) therapy is an emerging cupping therapy (CT), and this study aims to summarize the clinical evidence of FDC therapy intervention for SH
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Blood pressure-lowering treatment prevents stroke after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. However, there is uncertainty over the consistency of the effects across clinically relevant subgroups as well as the time course over which benefits accrue. We aimed to pool individual
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Post-stroke dysphagia ((PSD) impaired swallowing following stroke), increases risk of death, yet the effects of potential treatments are unclear. This review updates the 2018 review. To assess the effects of swallowing therapies on swallowing impairment (SI) among stroke survivor
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Currently, there is a lack of robust evidence demonstrating the efficacy of mindfulness-based exercise (MBE) on motor and cognitive outcomes in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), resulting in the absence of standardized and effective
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Survivors of childhood cancer have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but that risk may be reduced by healthy lifestyle behaviors. Using a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design, this study aims to test different approaches to improve physi
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Accurate preoperative radiological assessment is essential in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) to achieve clear margins while minimizing unnecessary healthy tissue excision. Discrepancies between radiological and pathological tumor size may contribute to re-excision. This study ev
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High-dose selenium (Se) as selenomethionine (SLM) and sodium selenite (SS) can improve the efficacy of cancer therapies while reducing toxicity. Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) is effective in preclinical models but has not been evaluated in cancer trials. This phase Ib randomised,
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Mefatinib, a novel second-generation epidermal growth factor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown promising antitumor activity in targeting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with common and uncommon EGFR-activating mutations. In this phase III, randomized, double-blin
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Recognising and acting on the connection to Country as a determinant of Indigenous peoples' well-being is necessary to improve health inequities. Indigenous Australians experience a greater burden of chronic liver disease and poorer outcomes due to ongoing impacts of colonis
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Human papillomavirus is a major cause of cervical and other human papillomavirus-related cancers, and education is essential for prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a structured human papillomavirus education program on women's human papillomaviru
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Cancer patients often suffer from neurocognitive impairments due to cancer treatment, the cancer itself, and/or coping with the illness, significantly impairing quality of life and everyday functioning. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an online MBSR course regarding neu
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Oliceridine, a novel biased μ-opioid receptor agonist, is widely used perioperatively, yet limited data exists regarding its impact on postoperative quality of recovery. This study investigated the effect of oliceridine-based patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on pos
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The low uptake of cervical cancer screening (CCS) in rural areas is mainly related to the lack of awareness regarding cervical cancer. Using educational interventions has been shown to substantially improve knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer, which are important deter
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Safety evaluation in first-in-human (FIH) Phase 1 oncology trials is largely descriptive and provides limited quantitative insights. This study characterized the dynamics of platelet count (PLT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration in the LP-184 FIH study and explored
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Orally administered small-molecule programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors may have the potential to improve patient outcomes in the treatment of a range of cancers compared with their antibody-based counterparts. A small molecule might achieve better tumor tissue penetratio
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Brexucabtagene-autoleucel (brexu-cel) is an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) product approved for relapsed/refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) after two prior treatment lines, including Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi). Patients with high-risk (hr) dis
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Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic disease in children. Information on efficacy and safety of oral allergic rhinitis treatments in children is scarce. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral medications for allergic rhinitis in children. We
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To determine whether the Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lens is non-inferior to Orthokeratology lenses (OKL) in slowing the progression of myopia in children. A parallel-group, non-inferiority randomised clinical trial at the University Hospital of Southe
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Pediatric heart transplant (PHTR) recipients have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak); however, the magnitude of this impairment and its underlying central hemodynamic mechanisms remain poorly characterized. This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified differences
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Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity are associated with adverse body composition and impaired glucose metabolism. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation may modulate the gut microbiota and has been proposed as a potential adjunctive strategy for obesity management. T
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Background/Objectives: This study examined whether adding 10 g of protein to a high glycaemic index (GI) breakfast could attenuate postprandial glycaemic responses in children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Postprandial glucose responses following this modifie
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Background and Objectives: Evidence on the acute ergogenic effects of caffeine in adolescent athletes remains limited. This systematic review quantified acute performance-related effects and summarised adverse-event reporting in this population. Methods: PubMed and Web of Science
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Chordoma is a rare notochordal malignancy of the axial skeleton, and distant cutaneous metastasis is among its rarest manifestations-an under-recognised mimic of benign and malignant skin tumours that often presents with an incomplete clinical history. We performed a systematic r
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In many remote and low-resource regions, standard methods for assessing the nutritional status of children are hindered by inadequate access to equipment, inaccurate equipment, high costs of screening, and under-resourced health facilities for malnutrition risk screening. Mid-upp
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Pain management in pediatric patients during the postoperative period is crucial for ensuring success in managing the postoperative process. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in pediatric patients undergoing abdominal
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This systematic review summarized findings on the association between screen time and bruxism in children and adolescents (PROSPERO- CRD42023429775). Two researchers conducted the search and selection of studies, extracted the data, and analyzed the risk of bias. The quality of t
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Given that several preschools and schoolchildren do not meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, the interest in including short activity breaks during school hours has become a popular trend among professionals in educational settings. Among them, before-school PA breaks have bee
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Problematic gaming and broader digital media-related family difficulties are increasingly encountered not only in specialist mental health services but also in everyday municipal support services. Sweden's new Social Services Act strengthens municipalities' responsibili
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Piezogenic papules (PP) are soft, skin-colored or yellowish herniations of subcutaneous fat appearing under pressure, commonly on the heels. While usually benign, they may cause pain and have been associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PP are included in the 2017 diagnostic crit
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School participation is frequency and involvement from person-environment transactions, not diagnosis, per the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the family of participation-related constructs (fPRC). In this framework, the environmental
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This study investigated the effects of sensory-based treatments (SBT) combined with active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the left prefrontal cortex (SBT+AtDCS), and SBT combined with sham tDCS (SBT+StDCS) in autism spectrum condition (ASC). Eleven ASC children
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This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of NAM therapy compared with no PSO treatment in children with orofacial clefts.
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Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), affecting over 30 million children globally, substantially increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. In 2023, the World Health Organization recommended lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) for children requiring supplementation for MAM, e
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Whether screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can improve health outcomes may depend in part on screening being acceptable and accurate. Screening modality and context may be important determinants of these characteristics. We compared telephone ACE screenings by 211
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Families from disadvantaged communities often experience social care needs that adversely impact access to social and healthcare services. This study aimed to explore the determinants of social care needs and the associated clinical characteristics such as parental mental health
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Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed first-line stimulant for managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD, yet concerns remain regarding its safety and potential impact on neurodevelopment during critical growth periods. To systematically review the literat
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School-based health promotion is critical for enhancing health literacy and academic performance. In South Africa, preventable visual impairment among school children may be exacerbated by the absence of structured eyecare promotion interventions. The objective of the study was t
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To evaluate whether adding a spleen- and kidney-invigorating Chinese herbal decoction to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves immune recovery and nutritional status in people living with HIV. Forty adults living with HIV were randomly allocated to receive either
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Objective: To investigate the antibody persistence and influencing factors of the simplified two-dose and standard three-dose hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among people aged 15-40 years after 20 years of primary immunization. Methods: In November 2003, a total of 1 994 healthy peopl
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Despite the demonstrated safety of human papillomavirus vaccines, concerns have arisen regarding potential associations of human papillomavirus vaccination on reproductive health. The objective of this registry-based study was to compare overtime association of vaccination and ea
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Phase 2a trials in tuberculosis patients traditionally assess early bactericidal activity over two weeks, often using the time-to-positivity biomarker, followed by a phase 2b study typically lasting 8-week with time-to-event of culture conversion as the endpoint. This study inves
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Adults who survive intensive care unit (ICU) admission with sepsis (sepsis survivors) have immune impairments involving concurrent inflammation and immunosuppression that increase their long-term risk of reinfections and mortality. Vaccine immunogenicity could therefore be abnorm
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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard adjuvant therapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, a substantial proportion of patients develop BCG-unresponsive disease with limited bladder-preserving options. The objective of this study was to det
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Vitamin D (vitD) plays a role in metabolic regulation, including lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. During pregnancy, profound physiological changes in lipid handling and ketogenesis occur to support fetal development. However, the extent to which maternal vitamin D status
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The patatin-like phospholipase 3 (PNPLA3) I148M genetic variant is highly associated with steatotic liver disease. In the SURPASS-3 MRI substudy, tirzepatide significantly reduced liver fat content (LFC) versus insulin degludec in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes with
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Daraxonrasib is an orally bioavailable RAS(ON) multi-selective tri-complex inhibitor of the oncogenic mutant and wild-type variants of N, H and KRAS. We previously reported encouraging efficacy in a phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating daraxonrasib monotherapy at clinically active
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Dropout from psychotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) undermines treatment effectiveness for both patients and clinicians. Early identification of individuals at risk of discontinuation is therefore essential. Machine learning methods, particularly those incorporating re
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Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent in primary care (PC). Therapeutic needs are not always met. In the multicentred, randomised-controlled PTSD after Intensive Care Unit Survival (PICTURE) trial, patients with mild to moderate symptoms of PTSD followin
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The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the efficacy of PPT compared to CBT and to test whether PPT is as effective or even more effective than CBT in reducing anxiety symptoms and improving the patients' quality of life. The interventions last ten weeks
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) in older adults can result in detrimental health consequences and often presents with resistance to antidepressant treatment. While Hesed-coil 4 (H4) and 7 have shown great promise in the treatment of MDD in older adults, not all participants will
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Our initial smaller study and other recent research suggest that adding a physical exercise program to cognitive training has promise for enhancing the impact on attention and overall cognition. We hypothesized that this would be the case even compared to adding a healthy living
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Nonadherence to treatment increases relapse and rehospitalization risks and diminishes quality of life in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. This study was developed to explore the effect of motivational interview-based cognitive therapy (MIBCT) on medication adherenc
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American Indian and Alaska Native individuals report higher rates of substance use disorders and psychological distress compared with individuals from other racial and ethnic groups. However, few evidence-based, culturally grounded programs address substance use and mental health
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Living with severe mental illness (SMI) adversely affects quality of life (QoL). The SOFIA program, a coordinated general practice care initiative in Denmark, aimed to improve QoL and reduce mortality through extended general practitioner (GP) consultations, training for GPs and
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To compare employment outcomes reported by a completed randomised controlled trial (IPS-AD: Individual Placement and Support - Alcohol and Drug Dependence) with those observed during the English national expansion of IPS services, and to identify factors associated with improved
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The Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) is a brief clinical tool assessing substance use, health and well-being used in Australian alcohol and other drug treatment services. It is validated for use with clients using alcohol, opioids and cannabis, but not yet for clients
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IntroductionThe purpose of this secondary data analysis of an RCT, was to examine the preliminary efficacy of moderate-intensity cycling exercise versus control on cognitive and affective symptoms (i.e., depressive and anxiety), and quality of life (QoL) in older adults with subj
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Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) is one of the most prevalent pain disorders worldwide. Telerehabilitation is increasingly used in the management of CNSLBP. However, evidence on its effects in CNSLBP remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed t
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Effective postoperative pain control following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is essential to enhance for early functional recovery. Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) is a sustained-release formulation of bupivacaine is used to prolong analgesia after regional nerve block. This study eva
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Optimal analgesia after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains uncertain. This trial evaluated whether adding ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve group (PENG) and iliohypogastric nerve blocks (IHGNBs) to standardized multimodal analgesia improves postoperative analgesia after THA.
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To evaluate the feasibility of non-tourniquet strategy combined with "High-position Low-Perfusion" positioning in distal humeral fractures ORIF (DHF-ORIF), and to investigate its effects on perioperative blood loss, postoperative rehabilitation, and functional outcomes.
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Early umbilical cord clamping during delivery-room resuscitation may interrupt placental transfusion during cardiopulmonary transition, increasing neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate whether intact cord resuscitation (ICR) improves delivery-room stabili
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This study compared three standardized postoperative analgesic strategies for adults undergoing multilevel posterior lumbar fusion surgery: liposomal bupivacaine thoracolumbar interfascial plane block (LB-TLIP), ropivacaine TLIP block (Ropi-TLIP), and liposomal bupivacaine local
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Robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) improves component-placement accuracy but lengthens the operative time, an established risk factor for perioperative complications. Whether this additional operative time increases perioperative trauma has not been formally tested, part
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Large randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of obesity interventions have excluded those with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) including recipients of dialysis. Obesity management is critically important to their health and healthcare, including their ability to access kidney
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Coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) parameters are increasingly used to characterize native coronal alignment and guide alignment strategies in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) based on long-leg radiographs (LLR). Computed tomography (CT) based robotic TKA software enables ca
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Objective:To compare the differences between the linear and oblique approaches in rigid laryngoscopy regarding the exposure of key laryngeal structures and patient tolerance. Methods:A total of 104 patients admitted to He'nan Provincial People's Hospital from January to
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Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of tympanoplasty in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media（CSOM） complicated by fungal infection through a prospective randomized controlled study, and to explore the optimal surgical timing for chronic otitis media patients acco
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The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of coffee and warm water consumption on gastrointestinal system functions after cesarean section performed under general anesthesia. The research employed randomized controlled experimental design. The study sample consisted
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Despite their well-known efficacy, forced-air warming during operations has its drawbacks, mainly high energy consumption and risk of hyperthermia. We therefore investigated two warming strategies in a prospective randomized study with the aim of reducing the incidence of hyperth
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Preoperative anxiety (PA) may adversely affect perioperative management by increasing psychological distress and contributing to hemodynamic fluctuations. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the effect of the palming technique on PA in patients undergoing thyroidectomy and sec
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Shoulder arthroscopy has become increasingly popular over the past decade. During this procedure, bleeding directly affects visualization and influences both intraoperative visibility and postoperative outcomes by causing hemarthrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the
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Severe pneumonia is a respiratory disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, often necessitating mechanical ventilation. However, prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with an increased risk of complications and higher use of healthcare resources. The efficacy
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Dual long-acting bronchodilators are a standard treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), aimed at alleviating dyspnea, improving exercise tolerance, and preventing exacerbations. Metronome-paced tachypnea (MPT) offers a feasible alternative to exercise testing f
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Long COVID is frequently characterized by persistent fatigue and impaired quality of life. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis and immune dysregulation may contribute to symptom persistence. We evaluated the effects of the probiotic formulation VSL#3® in pa
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic lung disease, and respiratory muscle dysfunction is one of its key pathogenic mechanisms. Liuzijue, a traditional Chinese health exercise, has been widely applied in COPD rehabilitation, showing benefits in impro
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Early total enteral feeding (ETEF) may reduce exposure to intravenous fluids and parenteral nutrition in preterm infants. However, evidence regarding its safety and effectiveness remains limited, particularly among preterm infants with a birth weight of 1000-1250 g. We compared E
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Background/Objectives: Functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are chronic gastrointestinal conditions that substantially impair quality of life. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of Heyndrickxia coagulans IDCC 1201 (COA 1201) in adults wi
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The effects of gliflozins on bones of CKD patients on dialysis are unknown. Recently, SGLT2 expression in bone tissue of patients with CKD has been reported. We hypothesized that dapagliflozin may act in bone cells and modulate the Klotho-FGF23 axis. This study analyzed the effec
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AbstractFrom January 2019 through June 2026, the California Department of Public Health identified 592 cases of silicosis among workers fabricating crystalline silica-containing engineered stone countertops. Of those, 65 underwent lung transplantation, and 31 died. Silicosis is p
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AbstractThe rapidly changing U.S. e-cigarette marketplace is dominated by unauthorized products. We used retail scanner data from Circana, a market research company that collects point-of-sale scanner data from a large retail sample, to estimate the proportion of unauthorized e-c
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Even the very word vitiligo denotes stigma—it probably comes from the Latin vitium, meaning a blemish, a defect, or a flaw. The visibility of depigmented skin, a culture that judges people by how they look, and enduring misconceptions of contagion have reinforced negative social
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The therapeutic landscape of type 2 diabetes and obesity has evolved from single-hormone incretin modulation towards multireceptor metabolic engineering. Amylin is cosecreted with insulin from pancreatic β cells in response to food intake and acts on amylin receptors distributed
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Non-segmental vitiligo, a chronic immune-mediated depigmenting skin condition affecting millions of individuals worldwide, has long occupied a paradoxical position within dermatology.1 Despite its considerable impact on patients’ wellbeing and quality of life, it has historically
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The cross-border conflict affecting the border regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan has received scant global attention amid conflict in the Gulf region and the Middle East. Some 50 million civilians live across the long porous border between the countries,1 and face enormous heal
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The UK has long been a leader in tobacco control, including tobacco harm reduction. The passage of the Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026 in England and Wales is notable for keeping the primary focus on smoking and distinguishing combustible tobacco from lower-risk nicotine products.1 Pa
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The key purposes of the European Union (EU) to date have been peace, prosperity, environmental protection, and the promotion of common interests in the wider world.1,2 In some ways, health has always been integral to these aims: during the 1980s, Europe Against Cancer and Europe
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Restrictions on women and girls, deep cuts to international aid, health-facility closures, and mass returns are mounting pressure on Afghanistan's fragile health system. Sophie Cousins reports.
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WHO's efforts to eliminate the disease are way off target. Sophie Cousins reports.
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There have been various efforts to capture public experiences and views during the COVID-19 pandemic, most frequently through surveys about perceptions of the risk of getting COVID-19, willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, and attitudes towards government handling of the pand
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At a time when political leaders in the USA still invoke an “autism epidemic” and recycle discredited theories of causation, it is important to reflect on what it means to be autistic. Despite the politics of autism, there has been an increasing drive to recognise autism as a for
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Infectious disease specialist, rabies control advocate, and educator. Born on April 27, 1944, in Karachi, Pakistan, she died following a road traffic crash in Tangiers, Morocco, on May 22, 2026, aged 82 years.
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France's decision to anchor its 2026 G7 presidency around One Health signals a high point for this approach.1 Although the political energy is real, so is the risk of squandering it. Despite years of discussion, One Health is better at describing a vision than specifying wha
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The planetary health system is extraordinarily complex, encompassing human communities, wildlife species, natural ecosystems, and diverse societal factors.1 Planetary health is constrained by boundaries and finite resources shared across generations.2 Without artificial intellige
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The Arctic is undergoing rapid transformation driven by global warming, long-range transport of toxic industrial chemicals, emerging diseases, and biodiversity change, with cascading consequences for ecosystems and human health worldwide.1 Addressing these interconnected challeng
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As we navigate the redesign of global health at a moment of acute constraint, one troubling reality stands out: the women who already effectively run our health systems are chronically underfunded as leaders. Women provide nearly 70% of health care globally but hold fewer than 25
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We read with interest Lon S Schneider's Comment1 on the evoke and evoke+ trials2 of oral semaglutide in early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. While we agree that these studies do not support semaglutide as a treatment for established Alzheimer's disease, we cautio
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We read Joe Parkin Daniels’ World Report1 on Cuba's deepening health crisis with collegial concern about what remains structurally absent from its causal account. Missing is any serious reckoning with six decades of US embargo, expanded sanctions, a State Sponsor of Terroris
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Joe Parkin Daniels’ World Report1 rightly documents the worsening crisis in Cuban health care, but the crisis should not be read mainly through the regime's preferred explanation of external constraint. I am troubled that Cuba's health crisis is still described without
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As a member of the Israeli Medical Association, I am deeply disturbed by how medicine has become entwined with politics, as seen in the World Report.1 Criticism against Israel's Government should not be targeted against its doctors. The Israeli medical oath obligates extendi
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In people with type 2 diabetes, once-daily oral zenagamtide showed clinically meaningful and significant improvements in HbA1c from baseline to week 36 compared with placebo at all three dose levels (6, 25, and 50 mg). The safety and tolerability of oral zenagamtide was consisten
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In people with type 2 diabetes, once-weekly subcutaneous zenagamtide 0·4–40 mg demonstrated clinically meaningful and significant improvements in change in HbA1c from baseline to week 36 compared with placebo, with a safety and tolerability profile consistent with that of other G
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Upadacitinib 15 mg daily provides clinically meaningful repigmentation of both the face and total body for adults and adolescents with non-segmental vitiligo, with no new safety signals identified.
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Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare immune-mediated disease characterised by a periaortoiliac fibro-inflammatory tissue that often encases neighbouring structures (eg, ureters). Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis can be isolated or part of IgG4-related disease, whereas secondary
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A 63-year-old man with a reported history of sarcoidosis, without histological confirmation, was referred for evaluation of persistent fever of unknown origin. Laboratory investigations showed microcytic anaemia (haemoglobin 9·1 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume 70 fL), elevated C-re
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The new era of artificial intelligence (AI) in health has arrived. AI tools are being developed and adopted across research and clinical practice. In mental health, generative AI is already being used to facilitate administrative tasks in clinical practice and in a variety of way
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The groundbreaking discovery of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis almost 20 years ago linked the binding of autoantibodies to a specific brain receptor with widespread neuropsychiatric symptoms.1 This disease has always raised questions at the heart of traditiona
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More than two decades of trials have established that brief psychosocial interventions delivered by non-specialists reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and task-sharing is now central to global mental health efforts.1 Yet, these interventions have mostly been evaluated as
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The COVID-19 pandemic did not create the physical health inequalities encountered by people with severe mental illness (SMI). Long before SARS-CoV-2 emerged, this population faced one of the widest mortality gaps in medicine, losing 10–20 years of life expectancy, largely because
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People with severe mental illness experience markedly poorer physical health,1 which, to a large degree, contributes to their substantially shorter life expectancy.2 Although the presence of single physical comorbidities is well-documented, the simultaneous occurrence of multiple
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With major depressive disorder (MDD) being a common psychiatric condition in the world's population, easily accessible treatments with high efficacy and low health risks in early phases of the disorder can mitigate symptom progression and reduce long-term negative effects. T
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The global prevalence of ADHD is around 2–5% in adults, with stimulant medications remaining the cornerstone of treatment.1 Randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine formulations, improve attentio
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Because “language is powerful”, French and colleagues1 encourage mental health researchers to revise ADHD terminology and to use neurodiversity-affirmative language in reporting scientific findings. We agree that revision of language is essential to good science, but it must be d
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Pardiñas AF, Kappel DB, Roberts M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics of clozapine in an ancestrally diverse sample: a longitudinal analysis and genome-wide association study using UK clinical monitoring data. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10: 209–19—In this Article, particip
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Blumberger DM, McClintock SM, Thorpe KE, et al. Confirmatory efficacy and safety trial of magnetic seizure therapy versus right unilateral ultra-brief electroconvulsive therapy in depression (CREST–MST): a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial in Canada and the USA. Lan
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Clozapine remains the most effective antipsychotic for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, yet its use continues to be restricted by mandatory haematological monitoring requirements. Although these monitoring programmes have substantially reduced mortality associated with clozapin
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The new president of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Mark Rapaport, has enjoyed a long and successful career by following some simple principles: try to leave the world a little better than you found it, and always ask your patients what they want rather than assuming
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Post-acute NMDAR encephalitis is characterised by systematic alterations of brain morphology. These changes are associated with persistent psychiatric symptoms and memory dysfunction after immunotherapy, highlighting fractal dimensionality as a promising new imaging marker of lon
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Strengthening social support, problem management, and behavioural activation were associated with the greatest incremental benefit within task-shared psychosocial interventions for adults with depression or anxiety.
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Excess mortality in people with SMI persisted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive public health and clinical strategies are needed to address excess mortality and lower vaccination.
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People with schizophrenia-spectrum or bipolar disorder experience increased relative and absolute incidence of systemic physical multimorbidity spanning multiple systems, compared with individuals without these disorders. The largest differences were observed among younger cohort
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People with severe mental illness have higher rates of cardiometabolic morbidity and premature mortality than the general population. Altered brain energy metabolism can contribute to psychiatric symptoms, suggesting metabolic interventions could improve mental and physical healt
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The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is anticipated to transform mental health care. However, the rapid research growth in this field has outpaced coordinated frameworks, leaving research efforts fragmented, standards inconsistent, and safeguards for safety and ethics largely
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Ambient artificial intelligence (AI) documentation tools, known as AI scribes, have entered psychiatric clinical practice, bundling at least three operations into a single workflow, without sufficient attention to the differences among them. In this Personal View, we argue that A
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The public view on the gut microbiome is easily gleaned from a scan of the papers or the phone screen: advertisements for the best gut health drinks and advice pieces on whether a daily shot of olive oil will improve your intestinal microbiome. For what seems like a modern fixati
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As the Democratic Republic of the Congo confronts its 17th recorded Ebola disease outbreak, global health discourse has again reached for familiar militarised language, such as killer virus, deadly enemy, battle against Ebola, and war on disease. Although understandable, such fra
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We read with concern the recent declaration of the Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) outbreak in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo as a public health emergency of international concern and the accompanying analysis by Thirumalaisamy P Velavan and colleagues,1 published in The
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is eroding the effectiveness of antibiotics and raising the cost of incorrect empirical therapy. Sequence-based diagnostics that infer antimicrobial susceptibility from pathogen genomes promise faster, more tailored prescribing than culture-based su
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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a severe respiratory disease with a case-fatality rate historically exceeding 30%.1 Although most hantaviruses are primarily transmitted via the inhalation of aerosolised rodent excreta, the Andes orthohantavirus shows substantial potential human-
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) continues to circulate globally in avian and mammalian species. Since its emergence in 1997, over 1000 confirmed human infections with H5N1 have been reported, with a case-fatality rate of approximately 50%. In recent years, H5N1 clade 2
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The potential for airborne transmission of the monkeypox virus remains intensely debated. Although computational fluid dynamics models suggest that the aerosol transmission of the monkeypox virus is highly inefficient compared with that of SARS-CoV-21 and that epidemiological evi
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We read with great interest the Article by Ann E Snaith and colleagues, published in The Lancet Microbe, that described the long-term genomic dynamics of invasive Escherichia coli in neonates.1 The scale and temporal depth of their dataset provide a unique opportunity to examine
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We thank Wentao Zhu and colleagues for their comments on our Article,1 which described the population dynamics of Escherichia coli causing invasive infections in neonates in the Netherlands over a 50-year period.
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During the 22nd edition of The Fungal Update conference (London, UK, March 27–28, 2026), topics of discussion spanned pathogen characterisation, epidemiology, diagnostics, and therapeutics of fungal infections, with approaches ranging from in vitro, to translational, to clinical.
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Australia has been validated by WHO as having eliminated trachoma, the world’s leading infectious cause of blindness, as a public health problem. It becomes the 30th country globally to reach this milestone.
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Both regimens treated P vivax malaria with high efficacy. Pyronaridine–artesunate plus low-dose primaquine rapidly interrupted transmission. The findings support further evaluation of pyronaridine–artesunate plus low-dose primaquine as a unified treatment strategy in co-endemic s
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Our findings reinforce the continued use of artemether–lumefantrine plus primaquine for treating uncomplicated P falciparum malaria. Pyronaridine–artesunate plus primaquine also shows promise as an alternative regimen. Continued surveillance remains essential to safeguarding both
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During the established rash phase (14 days [SD 2] after onset), saliva provides diagnostic yield similar to that provided by lesion swabs for clade Ib mpox in this hospitalised cohort. These findings are restricted to this sampling window; further studies are needed to define per
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We identified no differences in transmission between individuals who were symptomatic and those who were asymptomatic using multiple genomic measures. In this high-transmission setting, where systematic screening is implemented, our findings indicate that asymptomatic tuberculosi
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These findings show the potential of wastewater-based genomic surveillance to identify and track circulating RSV lineages and clinically relevant mutations. As novel RSV immunoprophylaxis measures are introduced in upcoming RSV seasons, wastewater-derived genomic RSV data provide
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The prophage content was shaped by the bacterial lineage, ecological niche, and temporal dynamics, providing an additional layer of epidemiological resolution beyond conventional genome typing. Integrating prophage profiling into molecular surveillance frameworks could help to id
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Our study shows detection of Alongshan virus in archived tick samples dating back to 2005, representing the earliest documented occurrence of the virus to date and suggesting that Alongshan virus has been circulating in Austria for at least two decades. The detection of Alongshan
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DBSS analysis serves as a reliable method for quantifying neonatal AlpN-specific IgG. Our findings support the use of DBSSs to establish an AlpN-specific SToRR that could facilitate licensure of the maternal AlpN-GBS vaccine. AlpN-specific IgG concentrations in cord serum closely
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To our knowledge, this model is the first to characterise and predict the time-course of responses of clinical isolates to antibiotics only by the resistance mechanisms present and their complex interplay, representing a step towards pathogen-specific, personalised medicine.
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The colonisation of the human gut microbiome commences at birth and continues to evolve throughout the lifespan. A balanced symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbiome is essential for maintaining overall health. This two-part Series presents a comprehensive overvi
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The human gut microbiome shows dynamic variation throughout the lifespan and remarkable spatial organisation within the gastrointestinal tract. Complementing the focus of the first paper of this Series on the human microbiome dynamics and health, which focused on the temporal dyn
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Life-threatening invasive and mucosal fungal infections are a major, increasingly complex global health problem. Among all population groups, individuals who are immunocompromised face the greatest risk of contracting such infections, and the size of these global populations is g
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a recognised global threat with substantial predicted impact on lives, agriculture, and the economy. Metagenomic sequencing is being increasingly used for AMR surveillance and detection, given its capacity for community-level AMR profiling with h
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JAMA
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Listen to the JAMA Editor’s Summary for an overview and discussion of the important articles appearing in JAMA.
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The American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, the European Society of Cardiology, and the World Heart Federation published a consensus statement in Circulation on a new universal definition of heart failure.
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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized 20 nicotine pouches to be marketed as modified risk tobacco products.
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Cognitive rehabilitation focused on personal functional goals may be more effective in treating long COVID−related impairment than treatment as usual, a randomized clinical trial published in JAMA Network Open found.
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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new treatment for adults with severe hypertriglyceridemia, the first shown to reduce the risk of acute pancreatitis.
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Certain healthy dietary patterns may be associated with a lower risk of dementia, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.
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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) released a new charter, reflecting a shift in the group’s focus and structure.
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This Medical News article discusses whether disease specialists or primary care and evidence experts should write screening guidelines.
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This Medical News article discusses new clinical practice guidelines for diagnosing, staging, and treating cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.
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Many clinical investigations are intended to evaluate or demonstrate causal relationships (eg, the effect of a treatment or other intervention on patient outcomes), whether using information from well-designed randomized clinical trials, leveraging observational data with suitabl
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This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of the difference-in-differences method, a tool for addressing potential biases by contrasting the change in the outcome of interest from before an intervention to after, between settings experiencing and those not experie
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This narrative review examines current evidence regarding hip fractures, including diagnosis, treatment, prevention, risk factors, epidemiology, and pathophysiology, particularly among older adults.
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This study compares current Medicaid rebates with international reference prices and estimated potential savings under the Generating Cost Reductions for US Medicaid payment model.
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This Viewpoint discusses the potential effect of recent US Supreme Court decisions that upheld the First Amendment rights of organizations that provide substandard or even unlicensed care that deceives patients.
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Abraham Jacobi has remarked that in America the history of medicine is almost never taught, and that as long as our universities do not teach it, the pupils feel encouraged to neglect it. Many reasons might be urged for the study of the history of science. It gives some idea of h
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To the Editor Dr Shen and colleagues provided a timely and useful Review of the biological links between obesity and cancer. They appropriately identified hepatobiliary cancer as one of the malignancies most strongly associated with excess adiposity and include liver cancer among
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In Reply We thank Dr Huang and colleagues for their interest in our translational science Review on obesity and cancer. They submit that hepatocarcinogenesis is less attributable to the mechanisms disrupted by obesity and more related to chronic metabolic liver injury—including s
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In this narrative medicine essay, a geriatrician’s thorough diagnostic testing of his symptoms of weight loss, cough, and night sweats renders no definitive diagnosis.
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Despite the recent advances in systemic therapy, survival for patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without actionable genomic alterations in the tumor is limited. A small subset of patients with NSCLC have lung-only metastatic disease and often die of progr
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This study uses national cause-of-death data to examine long-term trends in deaths caused by US law enforcement.
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To the Editor As addiction medicine physicians providing treatment for individuals using fentanyl, we appreciate the recent publication of a randomized clinical trial evaluating short-term treatment retention associated with a weekly extended-release buprenorphine injection initi
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In Reply We appreciate the opportunity to respond to comments by Drs Morris and Adams related to the low rate of precipitated withdrawal (<1%) in our recently published article, noting that 40% of the study patients had baseline urine toxicology positive for buprenorphine. We
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This prospective, single-center, registry study compares outcomes among selected patients with medically refractory, lung-limited, stage IV non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent lung transplant, patients with NSCLC who received medical management alone, and patients wi
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Hours, days, weeks are the rags of time—
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The poem “After the Diagnosis” envisions the massive impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on medicine. Its title suggests when the greatest challenges posed by AI truly begin: after its vast “knowledge” and speedy data processing have already superseded clinicians’ diagnostic a
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To the Editor The INCAPS 4 study by Dr Einstein and colleagues provided a global mapping of radiation doses in coronary artery disease imaging. This comprehensive assessment carries important implications for international patient safety.
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In Reply We thank Dr Li and Mr Jiang for their interest in our work and thoughtful comments. We concur with their message that the worldwide cross-sectional INCAPS 4 study bears profound implications for international patient safety. Indeed, mapping and improving quality and safe
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This Viewpoint discusses the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care to support coverage and payment decisions that historically have been made by human representatives.
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This nonrandomized clinical trial examines the effectiveness of serial amnioinfusions for the treatment of neonates with anhydramnios due to fetal kidney failure without bilateral renal agenesis.
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To evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of a generic ibuprofen arginine formulation (T) compared to Sibide (R) in healthy Chinese subjects under fed conditions, a randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover study was conducted. Twenty-eight eligible
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The comparative sampling efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) needles in mediastinal lymphadenopathy remains unclear. Would the fine needle biopsy (FNB), with its Franseen design, provide better results than the fine needle aspi
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Liver cancer is the second leading cause of premature cancer mortality globally, whose main causes-HBV, HCV, MASH and alcohol use-are preventable. Viral hepatitis' carcinogenicity is not as well-known as the risk of lung cancer from smoking, leading to rising rates of liver
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The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the origin, morphology, branching patterns, topography, and cranial nerve relationships of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) to inform surgical planning and reduce iat
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Current radiotherapy (RT) guidelines for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) are largely based on clinical management strategies and retrospective reports. This systematic review adopts a medical physics perspective to provide a critical, quantitative analysis of the t
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options. Gantenerumab, a β-amyloid-targeting monoclonal antibody, has shown mixed clinical results. With new trial data available, this updated systematic review and meta-analysis re-
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It is well-established that earlier generations of lipid emulsions based on soybean oil are inferior to later generations based on olive or fish oil. However, evidence directly comparing between later-generation lipid emulsions is limited. This study aims to systematically review
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This study evaluated the clinical and obstetric patterns of all reported cases of aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) Type V with fetus papyraceus and vanishing twin syndrome from 1990 to 2025 to assist in creating a diagnostic criteria and revising management algorithm. All case repor
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The rapid uptake of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in higher education has increased both enthusiasm and concern. While students' use of GenAI has been widely discussed, empirical research focusing on nurse educators' own experiences and perceptions remains
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Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent psychological condition among birthing women. While several psycho-socio-economic and neurobiological factors influence its development, its relationship with smoking behavior and nicotine addiction remains largely inconclusive. In this
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Localized intra-arterial delivery of gemcitabine (IAG) may provide advantages in terms of increased tissue concentration and decreased systemic dosing. We hypothesized IAG may result in decreased systemic gemcitabine concentration and associated side effects due to intracellular
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