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The research on pancreatitis and gut microbiota has expanded rapidly in recent years. Growing evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may play an important role in pancreatic inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction and disease progression, but global research landscape, major c
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Liver transplantation (LT) in patients with situs inversus (S-I) is rare and technically challenging. The literature on such cases, particularly in pediatric populations, remains limited. Here, we report the surgical considerations and outcomes of two pediatric recipients with si
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The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is considered an indirect marker of prenatal sex hormone exposure and has been investigated as a potential indicator of susceptibility to hormone-related diseases, including breast cancer. The purpose of this systematic review is to evalua
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Adults with major lower limb amputation (LLA) due to dysvascular etiology often experience diverse health outcomes. However, the absence of standardized outcome reporting limits the ability to synthesize evidence, evaluate care models, and develop consistent clinical pathways. Th
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To present an up-to-date summary of the association between ocular shape and myopia. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang from June 2009 to September 2025 for cross-sectional and cohort studies examining the association
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Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of health care quality, and it guides improvement efforts. Although many local studies have examined perioperative patient satisfaction in Ethiopia, there is no comprehensive national synthesis. This gap limits the development of targeted s
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Ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) contains bioactive compounds with vasodilatory properties that may benefit blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, findings from studies remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of ginger supplemen
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Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, a novel monopegylated interferon with improved pharmacokinetics, has emerged as a promising cytoreductive agent for managing polycythemia vera (PV). Despite increasing adoption, evidence synthesis of its efficacy and safety compared to standard care remai
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Despite limited efficacy, patients are prescribed opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Guidelines recommend supporting the safe tapering of opioid prescriptions for these patients. This usually occurs in primary care, so there is a need to ascertain the efficacy of interve
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Delirium is a frequent yet underrecognized neuropsychiatric syndrome among older patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) and is associated with adverse outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization, functional decline, and mortality. Evidence on ED delirium risk fact
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The expanding use of biologic and small-molecule therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC) has raised concerns regarding perioperative safety. We conducted a network meta-analysis to compare short-term postoperative complications associated with preoperative exposure to these agents
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Despite a growing evidence base indicating that trait procrastination increases risk for specific outcomes reflecting poor health, there is less evidence examining the implications of procrastination for overall health status, or investigating the contributing factors involved. G
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A common mental health issue with major worldwide repercussions is depression. Psychological therapy and pharmaceutical treatments are the mainstays of modern depression treatment approaches. Numerous clinical studies have investigated acupuncture's potential role in treatin
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Sleep problems are increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents, contributing to impaired daytime functioning, reduced academic performance, and long-term health risks. Aerobic exercise has been proposed as a promising behavioral strategy to promote sleep health in youth
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Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy has become a major clinical research focus. Patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have been treated with different first-line ICI combinations in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but the
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The association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and lacunar infarction (LI) remains inconclusive. The literature retrieval encompassed PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang (inception - Ma
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Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) occurs in up to 30% of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and remains a significant cause of infectious diarrhea. This meta-analysis evaluated the association of oral vancomycin prophylaxis (OVP) with CDI prevention after HS
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Suicide is one of the major health problems that imposes a heavy burden on the health system. Currently, there is a notable absence of review and meta-analysis studies capable of exploring a broader spectrum of occupational factors associated with dimensions of suicide. This stud
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Background: Estimating the association between childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) and trauma-related outcomes is important for prevention and intervention.Objective: We synthesised the evidence by differentiating between emotional abuse and emotional neglect, examining post-t
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To quantify the mortality and relative mortality risk of glaucoma and its subtypes through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We identified prospective studies reporting glaucoma mortality published from January 1, 1990 to August 9, 2025. Data on absolute mortality and relati
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Remote rehabilitation has become increasingly relevant after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, existing reviews have often pooled interventions with markedly different levels of clinician involvement, making it difficult to determine whether interactive, feedback-enabled mo
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To evaluate the effectiveness of Cytoflavin in conjunction with standard therapy compared to standard therapy alone in patients presenting during the acute phase of ischemic stroke (IS). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the efficacy of Cyt
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The multicentre ALaCaRT and ACOSOG Z6051 randomized trials were unable to demonstrate non-inferiority of laparoscopic versus open surgery for rectal cancer with respect to a composite pathology metric indicating successful resection. Neither trial was individually powered to dete
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Chagas cardiomyopathy is associated with a higher risk of severe cardiovascular events and increased mortality. Among the factors associated with Chagas cardiomyopathy, impairment in functional capacity-commonly assessed using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional clas
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Of the 3 published trials, only 1 showed possible efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) compared to best medical treatment (BMT) alone for medium or distal vessel occlusions (MDVO), whereas the others were neutral. Procedural conditions may affect the outcome. This is a post-h
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This analysis of the phase 3 TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 trial examined whether plasma tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) level can reliably monitor treatment-related amyloid clearance (TRAC) after donanemab treatment in early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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To evaluate the effectiveness of sleep monitoring, report feedback, and telephone-based guidance regarding sleep hygiene and daytime activity for community-dwelling older adults. We conducted a three-arm randomized controlled trial among community-dwelling adults in Japan. Partic
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ABBV-916, an anti-amyloid immunotherapy, was evaluated in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD). This phase 1b/2, double-blind, placebo-controlled study consisted of two stages: multiple ascending dose (Stage A) and dose expansion (Stage B). In Stage A, patients were
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To evaluate the short-term neurological outcomes in neonates with moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with citicoline. A randomised controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Paediatrics, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpin
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) progressively impairs cognitive function and quality of life (QoL). Patients frequently experience anxiety, which may accelerate cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the effects of narrative nursing combined with cognitive behavioral re
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The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the effects of functional treatment with twin block (TB) and Herbst appliances on sleep quality. A total of 46 patients having mandibular retrognathia and identified with OSA were divided randomly into two groups: Twin Block (TB)
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Pudendal neuralgia (PN) severely impacts quality of life, particularly sitting. Uncertainty exists whether catheter-based sacral nerve block with daily intermittent bolus (SNB) or pudendal nerve block (PNB) is more effective. This trial compared their efficacy over 6 months. A pr
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Despite the availability of student well-being services, university students remain highly susceptible to mental health challenges. Recent research highlights the potential of mindfulness-based interventions and attachment security priming in enhancing psychological well-being. T
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Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a prodromal phase of Lewy body diseases and linked to a high risk for cognitive decline. Therefore, iRBD provides a suitable window for early intervention. In the monocentric randomized controlled trial "Cog
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Chinese medicine (acupuncture and herbal medicine) is widely used in post-stroke rehabilitation in Southeast Asia. However, evidence on its effectiveness and optimal timing remains inconclusive. This study aimed to determine whether early integration (≤ 6 months post-stroke) of i
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Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is an established therapy for acute ischemic stroke when administered within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. However, many patients present beyond this window or with unknown onset, and recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated whether ima
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Patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors of the lower limbs frequently encounter substantial postoperative pain, delayed functional recovery, and adverse psychological reactions. Conventional nursing care may not adequately address these complex needs during the periop
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Patients undergoing curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer are vulnerable to perioperative protein loss, negative nitrogen balance and delayed recovery. Conventional peripheral parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations may not provide sufficient protein at clinically practical infu
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Cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent among hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors, yet access to evidence-based care is limited. This study evaluated adaptive, stepped-care treatment sequences for PTSD symptoms using a Sequential Multiple A
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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is predominantly a disease of older patients with a poor long-term survival. Approval of the combination of venetoclax (VEN) with azacitidine (AZA) or decitabine (DAC) in the European Union in 2021 for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed AM
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The tumour microenvironment (TME) influences breast cancer progression and treatment response. We investigated whether TME composition predicts tamoxifen benefit in postmenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative (ER+HER2-) breast cancer. This study included
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We hypothesized that a nursing navigator intervention with needs assessment, distress evaluation, and emotional support from diagnosis to follow-up would improve self-efficacy compared with standard care in colorectal cancer. Patients with a physician-verified suspicion of colore
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Dostarlimab in combination with carboplatin-paclitaxel was approved for primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (pA/rEC). The first interim analysis (IA1) of RUBY Part 1 (NCT03981796) showed no significant exposure-response (ER) relationship for progression-free survival
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Systemic administration of immunotherapy via intravenous injection is frequently associated with off-target toxicity throughout the body. In contrast, intratumoral injection has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate systemic adverse effects. However, data regarding the safe
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Adoptive cellular therapies may expand treatment options for pediatric brain tumors by focusing activity on tumor antigens and limiting off-tumor effects. We systematically reviewed preclinical and clinical evidence for CAR T cells, TCR-engineered T cells, and NK or γδ T-cell pla
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This prospective, randomized, split-mouth clinical study aimed to compare the clinical performance and survival rates of CAD/CAM-fabricated nanohybrid composite overlays (NCOs) and hybrid ceramic overlays (HCOs) produced using a digital workflow in first permanent molars (FPMs) a
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This study evaluated tympanometric cutoff points (tympanometric peak pressure and static compliance) for transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and determined their diagnostic accuracy. This analytical study, based on a randomized clinical trial, included 84 children (6-
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Because instruments are routinely employed by health professionals, it is essential to establish their psychometric quality, particularly regarding validity evidence. The study aimed to analyse the psychometric measures used in studies of validity evidence of instruments for asse
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Novel nonsteroidal topical therapies are increasingly used for pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD), but their comparative efficacy and safety remain unclear because direct active-comparator evidence is limited. We conducted a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis (
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Children exposed to traumatic events frequently develop emotion dysregulation and impaired social adaptation, which severely impairs their psychosocial development. As a non-invasive, well-tolerated psychological intervention, trauma-informed music intervention yields promising t
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Children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) frequently experience high dental anxiety and behavioral challenges that complicate routine dental care. Nonpharmacological behavior management strategies have been increasingly implemented; however, their effectiv
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Zirconia and composite strip crowns are considered as restorative options for decayed primary incisors in children. Zirconia crowns are preferred for their durability and natural appearance, while composite strip crowns are valued for their cost-effectiveness and ease of use. How
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Acne pathophysiology and presentation may differ by patient age or sex. In clinical trials, clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide 3.1% (CAB) gel demonstrated efficacy and a positive safety profile in participants with moderate-to-severe acne. This post hoc a
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Culture-based monitoring of bacterial load is slow and susceptible to missing data, contributing to the length and cost of TB clinical trials. Non-culture-based alternatives, like the Tuberculosis Molecular Load Bacterial Assay (TB-MBLA), could represent a solution. Our objective
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To evaluate the effectiveness of Tuberculosis Treatment Support Tools (TB-TST), a patient centred digital adherence technology, in improving treatment outcomes among individuals with drug susceptible tuberculosis in Argentina. Pragmatic, two arm, parallel randomised controlled tr
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With increasing H5 avian influenza cases reported globally and the potential for pandemic emergence, induction of cross-reactive antibody responses may represent an important attribute of an effective vaccine. This phase 2 extension study evaluated immunogenicity and safety of MF
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This study evaluated the effectiveness of web-based educational video module on diabetes knowledge, empowerment, and clinical outcomes among adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in a primary care setting. A single-centre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial was c
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Global glycemic control in diabetes is suboptimal, with persistent gaps between guideline recommendations and clinical practice. To evaluate the effectiveness of a role-playing-based intensive training program for physicians in improving glycemic control among patients with type
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Chronic wounds remain a significant clinical challenge, primarily because of persistent obstacles including prolonged healing duration, high recurrence rates, and limited responsiveness to standard therapies. These limitations impose a considerable burden, which severely affects
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Depression and anxiety are prevalent in working-aged adults. Although treatment provided by health professionals can improve symptoms and functioning, many people experiencing mental ill-health do not seek help. There have been very few effective interventions to improve help see
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Social anxiety disorder has a considerable negative impact on educational attainment, employment status, and relationship development. Exposure therapy is an established method used to treat social anxiety by getting patients used to talking to other people. However, this procedu
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To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ranquilon1 at 6 mg daily, compared with Afobazol (fabomotizole) at 30 mg daily, for the treatment of patients with anxiety associated with neurasthenia and adjustment disorders. The clinical study included 200 patients diagnosed with anxiety
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Erroneous beliefs about gambling contribute to the development and maintenance of problem gambling and represent an important public health concern. Norsk Tipping (NT), the state-owned gambling operator in Norway, initiated the Spillepuls project to develop and evaluate preventiv
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Psychological First Aid (PFA) has been widely promoted as a universal intervention following traumatic incidents. However, early interventions once considered preventative were later found harmful, underscoring the importance of testing before widespread use. This randomised cont
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To investigate whether the method of introducing complementary feeding (CF) is related to pediatric feeding disorders (PFD) in the first year of life. Clinical trial with 128 mother-child pairs randomized into intervention groups by CF methods: traditional, Baby-Led Introduction
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Most people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) do not receive treatment. Few digital evidence-based treatments have been tested among community-based samples of people with AUD. The present trial of Computer-Based Training for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT4CBT) (1) assessed CBT4
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Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the predominant subtype of mild cognitive impairment, carries the highest risk of progression to Alzheimer disease among all mild cognitive impairment subtypes. Currently, clinical practice lacks an established, authoritative treatment m
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In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we compared the efficacy of perineural 2 µg/kg dexmedetomidine and 5 mg dexamethasone as adjuvants to bupivacaine for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. We hypothesized that the combi
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Evaluate the impact of sugammadex on gastrointestinal recovery following complex AWR. This single-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial randomized 184 patients undergoing open retromuscular AWR to receive either sugammadex or neostigmine/glycopyrrolate for neuromusc
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Secondary anal sphincter repair is necessary in fewer than 3% of cases following primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI). Although there is some growing evidence comparing early and delayed secondary repairs, the traditional and most common way to manage second
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Ultrasound-guided external oblique intercostal plane block (EOIPB) is a modified block technique used in the past few years for anterolateral upper abdominal wall analgesia. This study observed the efficacy of EOIPB in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). To evaluat
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To evaluate whether preoperative clinical Enzian scoring and digital rectal examination improve accuracy of operative time prediction and surgical outcomes in women undergoing surgery for endometriosis. Prospective, randomized, multicenter pilot trial. Three urban teaching hospit
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To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacologic interventions, specifically auditory distraction (music or comedy) and haptic distraction (stress-relief device), in maintaining hemodynamic stability during dental implant surgery. This was a prospective, single-center, randomized tria
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Patients with hip fractures undergoing arthroplasty are typically old and frail, and superficial surgical site infections (SSIs) can delay mobilization and prolong hospitalization. Preoperative skin antisepsis is a low-cost, universally used intervention. However, clinical practi
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We aimed to compare the effect of 2 femoral stem designs on periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) after total hip arthroplasty in a randomized controlled trial. We hypothesized that a short collum-fixated stem (Primoris) would better preserve proximal BMD than a conventional
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Laparoscopic ovariectomy (LOE) is a common procedure for elective sterilization in dogs and is associated with less tissue trauma than open techniques. However, manipulation of the ovarian pedicle may still induce nociceptive stimulation and contribute to perioperative inflammato
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Home-based rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) often lacks objective monitoring. To address this limitation, we developed the ANAPA digital rehabilitation (DR) system, which includes a patient-facing mobile application for clinical efficacy evaluation (AN
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Anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment is effective in ulcerative colitis (UC). Optimal treatment duration is uncertain. This trial studies outcome after anti-TNF withdrawal compared to maintenance treatment in UC. In this prospective, multicentre, randomized, controlle
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Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy offers promise for treating autoimmune diseases due to its strong immunomodulatory effects. We investigated the long-term safety of a single intravenous injection with human umbilical cord blood-derived (hUCB)-MSCs in patients with rheumatoid a
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 533-545, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 623-624, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 621-622, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 618-621, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 615-617, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 612-615, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 610-612, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 624-624, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 603-605, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 602-603, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 600-601, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 605-606, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 593-598, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 592-592, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 607-609, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 529-531, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 527-529, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 521-524, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 525-526, August 6, 2026.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 6, Page 582-591, August 6, 2026.
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Europe is burning. Wildfires in France and Spain have engulfed hundreds of square miles of land, destroying homes and forcing the evacuation of 330 000 people as the threat now moves east to Greece, Italy, and central Europe. The fires have been so large and intense that they hav
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In the past few decades, treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has seen vast growth, resulting in numerous drugs being approved for the management of this devastating condition. The presumed result of these changes in treatment strategy, including initiation of upfro
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There are core principles that command broad consensus in the initial treatment of patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). First, induction should consist of a high-dose methotrexate-based polychemotherapy regimen to elicit tumour response. Second, post-induction therapy foll
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When penicillin first entered hospital wards in the 1940s, its use was essentially treatment through experimentation. Early publications were case series by clinicians learning by doing, describing their experience in detail for the knowledge of other physicians and the benefit o
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At a moment of “rupture”1 in the multilateral system, middle powers can and should ensure the cooperation needed for global public health. Middle powers are “states that are neither great nor small in terms of international power, capacity, and influence”.2 The category includes
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Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are everywhere. These tiny particles—formed by abrasion, fragmentation, and open burning of plastics—are found in the ocean, the Arctic, Himalayan glaciers, air, food, and drinking water.1 More recently, they have been reported in human lung
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The country has managed to bring Bundibugyo virus transmission under control as the outbreak still rages in neighbouring DR Congo. Paul Adepoju reports.
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The introduction of harsh penalties for same-sex relations has created a climate of fear that is severely disrupting HIV services. Gilbert Nakweya reports.
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Measles is now endemic in Romania after large falls in vaccination rates. The National Institute of Public Health is trying to reverse the trend. Andrei Popoviciu reports.
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Alison Holmes is making plans. As the Director of the Fleming Initiative, a global partnership led by Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), she wants to use the 2028 centenary of Sir Alexander Fleming's d
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Travelling to London during one of the hottest weeks of the year in the UK to see a musical about climate change felt both difficult and ironic. Inside the theatre, however, was something quite different. The audience was visibly youthful, and there was a refreshing and bustling
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On a hot April day, Brahim, a 15-year-old boy, and his mother saw a physician at a hospital in southwestern Algeria's Sahara Desert. Brahim's mother had found two small lumps on her son's neck. Once the most active of her five children, Brahim had lost his energy a
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Physician specialising in refugee health and humanitarian response. Born on April 14, 1954, in Hargeisa, Somalia, he died on April 26, 2026, following a cerebral stroke, in Lüneberg, Germany, aged 72 years.
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Since July 5, 2026, exceptionally heavy monsoon rainfall, runoff from surrounding hills, high tides, and embankment failures have caused flash floods, prolonged waterlogging, and landslides across southeastern Bangladesh. By July 11, at least 44 people had died across seven affec
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The health-care system in the occupied Palestinian territory is undergoing a silent, catastrophic collapse, pushing regional public hospitals to the brink of total structural failure. As an emergency medicine and oncology physician at Dura Governmental Hospital, West Bank—a cruci
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Cardiovascular disease killed 19·1 million people in 2023, accounting for nearly one in three deaths worldwide, and the annual number is still rising.1 Investment has transformed outcomes for coronary disease, heart failure, and hypertension. Yet that progress has been rationed.
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We read with interest the Seminar by Mervyn Singer and colleagues,1 which highlights advances and ongoing challenges in sepsis pathobiology and therapeutics. The authors discuss immunosuppression as a key modifier of sepsis risk, clinical presentation, and outcomes, particularly
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We thank Matthew J Cummings and colleagues for their insightful comments on our Seminar.1 They wished to raise awareness that people living with HIV are at increased risk of developing sepsis and of experiencing higher sepsis-related mortality and morbidity. Indeed, we addressed
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In the SCOUT trial, Carl Llor and colleagues compared single-dose fosfomycin with three active comparators in 768 women with uncomplicated cystitis.1 The headline conclusion that fosfomycin's first-line role “should be re-evaluated” outruns the data on three counts.
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We thank Shankar Biswas and colleagues for their interest in the SCOUT trial.1 Although the study was underpowered, as discussed in the Article, the direction and magnitude of the observed effects warrant consideration. Among women with a positive baseline urine culture, a 5-day
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The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 underscores the stark reality that inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) remain among the most preventable yet persistent drivers of global morbidity and mortality.1 Despite decades of evidence
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We thank Michele Bibas, Pedro C Hallal and colleagues, and Akhona V Mazingisa and Charles S Wiysonge for their engagement with the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023.1 Their Correspondences highlight the importance of distinguishing between cau
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In patients with PAH receiving contemporary background therapy, ralinepag significantly reduced the risk of first clinical worsening compared with placebo, but was associated with more adverse-event-related treatment discontinuations. These results support the use of ralinepag as
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In the largest randomised trial in untreated PCNSL to date, HCT–ASCT significantly improved progression-free and overall survival compared with non-myeloablative consolidation in patients who had completed induction treatment, establishing it as the preferred consolidation strate
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For sub-Saharan African children hospitalised with severe CAP without complicating factors, a strategy of stepping down upon clinical improvement to oral amoxicillin after initial intravenous antibiotics, with a total treatment duration of 4–5 days, is non-inferior to WHO-recomme
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The global health workforce is approaching a breaking point, driven by administrative overload, inefficient workflows, burnout, and accelerating retirements, with a projected global shortfall of 11 million health professionals by 2030. This urgency coincides with the rapid emerge
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Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR-based assays for orthoebolaviruses such as Ebola, Sudan, and Bundibugyo viruses are resource intensive and take several hours to provide results, highlighting the need for rapid point-of-care tests. Using previously generated murine monoclon
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Respected infectious disease expert, physician, and leader in prison health care died on May 27, 2026, aged 81 years.
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Understanding the mechanisms underlying host adaptation in emerging viruses is essential for future pandemic preparedness. Data published in 2021 suggest that thermosensitivity influences the viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 in humans,1 with later omicron subvariants (eg, BQ.1.1) show
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This issue of the journal marks our 10th anniversary, a milestone that offers an opportunity to reflect on the progress made in gastroenterology and hepatology since we last took stock, 5 years ago. In addition, although not exhaustive, the issue features a number of Comments hig
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Lynch syndrome is a common inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome defined by pathogenic variants in the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, and deletions in EPCAM, which might result in altered expression of MSH2. Colorectal cancer is the most commonly occurri
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The development of new therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has traditionally followed a familiar path: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are studied separately, under separate protocols, with separate development programmes and separate timelines. Yet, clinic
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, are multisystem disorders in which metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrogenic pathways converge to cause liver injury. Therapy previously focused on l
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An estimated 2 million individuals die from liver disease every year.1 Progress towards reducing morbidity and mortality due to viral hepatitis has stalled.2 And the burden of liver disease related to alcohol use and metabolic dysfunction is growing. Recent data, for instance, su
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Reflecting on the past decade of progress in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) feels like observing a thunderstorm of scientific and clinical advances. Yet despite this intensity, a definitive cure remains elusive. To appreciate the current state of the field, it is useful to reme
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Over the past decade, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting over 1·27 billion people, with prevalence predicted to continue increasing until 2040.1 The multisystem nature of
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Diet is a much sought-after intervention for the management of gastrointestinal disease by both patients and clinicians. The past decade has witnessed a step-change in progress in the quantity and quality of dietary research for both the risk and the treatment of gastrointestinal
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A decade ago, advances in the systemic treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma had been stalled for some time. Sorafenib, the first multikinase inhibitor used to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, had been approved in 2007 based on a modest survival benefit compared
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Disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia, are a group of conditions previously termed functional gastrointestinal disorders, in which individuals report chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms in the absen
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In 2016, the World Health Assembly formally recognised viral hepatitis as a global health concern and adopted the global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis.1 Targets for eliminating viral hepatitis were ambitious: a 90% reduction in the incidence of chronic hepatitis infec
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In the past decade, the landscape of cholestatic liver diseases has undergone a profound transformation. Our understanding has moved from a descriptive approach with a basic understanding of pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases to recognising them as a complex group of diso
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When the first studies describing the large-scale sequencing of the human gut microbiome were published more than 15 years ago, the possibilities seemed endless. The popular press, fundraisers, and the clinical community did not avoid hyperbole when describing the medical revolut
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A decade ago, artificial intelligence (AI) in gastroenterology remained largely theoretical. Convolutional neural networks had just begun to show promise in image recognition tasks, but clinical applications were limited to small proof-of-concept studies. The prospect of real-tim
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Over the past decade, the landscape of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in gastroenterology and hepatology in the USA has evolved; however, substantial gaps remain. There has been marginal movement in the number of physicians under-represented in medicine, namely Latino (or
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We read with great interest the Viewpoint by Rajiv Jalan and colleagues discussing rifaximin, therapeutic drift, and antimicrobial stewardship in cirrhosis.1 The topic is undoubtedly of major clinical relevance because rifaximin remains the standard of care for secondary preventi
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We thank Carmelo Scarpignato and Manuel Romero-Gómez for their thoughtful Correspondence, and we agree on most of the key points made. Rifaximin remains a valuable drug, its place in the secondary prevention of recurrent overt hepatic encephalopathy is secure, and antimicrobial r
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In 2023, we described a paradox in gastroenterology: an increasingly ethnically diverse workforce—mostly among trainees and early-career clinicians—alongside leadership structures that did not reflect this diversity.1,2 Since then, professional societies have made some progress i
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Although non-inferiority could not formally be concluded for either 100 mg or 300 mg of aspirin daily by comparison with 600 mg aspirin daily, there was evidence that the 100 mg dose had similar characteristics to 600 mg in terms of cancer risk but with fewer side-effects and les
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Duvakitug showed significant evidence for clinical remission versus placebo, with no safety concerns identified, in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.
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Duvakitug showed significant evidence for endoscopic response versus placebo in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease, with no safety concerns identified.
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In participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and clinically significant fibrosis, the combination of zalfermin 30 mg plus semaglutide 2·4 mg did not significantly increase the proportion of participants who had an improvement in liver fibrosis and no wors
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The Rome V criteria for IBS identified a different group of patients, with lower sensitivity than either Rome III or IV criteria in this single centre secondary care study. The clinical relevance of this is uncertain.
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Liver disease causes substantial global morbidity and mortality, with a growing burden from steatotic liver disease driven by alcohol use and metabolic dysfunction, alongside persisting challenges from chronic viral hepatitis. Liver disease burden is unequal between and within co
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JAMA
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Listen to the JAMA Editor’s Summary for an overview and discussion of the important articles appearing in JAMA.
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People who use glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) medications may have an increased risk of smell and taste disturbances, new research suggests.
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Current use of tobacco products among US middle school and high school students declined from 2022 to 2025, according to results from the 2025 National Youth Tobacco Survey.
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The approval of additional respiratory biologics for asthma was associated with a significant decline in exacerbations, a study published in JAMA Network Open found.
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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first oral carbapenem therapy for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs).
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People who drank more sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice from childhood to adulthood had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure, a study found.
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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first generic single-dose treatment for influenza.
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This Medical News article discusses a new study that adds to existing evidence that acetaminophen use during pregnancy does not appear to cause autism or ADHD.
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This Medical News article discusses a request from the US Department of Health and Human Services to update testosterone therapy product labels following evolving scientific evidence of their safety.
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This Viewpoint discusses the expansion of blood-based biomarker testing for Alzheimer disease and outlines patient-physician communication strategies for end-of-life questions and physician-assisted death.
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This narrative review discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of alcohol-related liver disease.
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This secret shopper study characterizes the prescription process and clinical engagement for obtaining glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) from online sellers.
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To the Editor In a Viewpoint, Dr Bilinski raised ethical concerns about the limited conduct of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in pregnancy. Expanding evidence on medicine use during pregnancy is crucial. However, limitations are largely methodological.
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In Reply I believe RCTs should be routinely used for evaluating drug safety and efficacy during pregnancy, just as they are for nonpregnant individuals. While I agreed in my Viewpoint that observational studies may complement RCTs in detecting rare adverse effects, the broader co
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This Perspective from the National Academy of Medicine discusses the concept of a whole-system model of trust in science, medicine, and public health, involving coordinated action across sectors to improve communication, community engagement, and access to information.
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W. L. Beebe, M.D., St. Cloud, Minn.
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To the Editor A recent randomized clinical trial reported that a web-based decision-support tool for antidepressant selection in patients with major depressive disorder was associated with lower all-cause discontinuation of antidepressants at 8 weeks compared with usual care.
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In Reply We thank Drs Parikh and Elwyn for their interest in our article that showed that using an evidence-based decision-support system (the PETRUSHKA tool), compared with usual care, may help more patients continue antidepressant treatment and reduce depressive and anxiety sym
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JAMA Senior Editor Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH, spoke with Dimitri A. Christakis, MD, MPH, a pediatrician at Seattle Children’s Hospital and editor in chief of JAMA Pediatrics, about the use of social media among children and teens for Healthy Dialogue.
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Someday I too will be dead but not rotten. The undertaker will have drained my blood into the floor sink that leads to a flood of sewer waste and all I will have gotten was eye gloss and rouge and my lips sewed tight. My lost possessions will fill city dumps. My organs will set i
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Of all the so-called “received forms” in English, the sonnet is the most familiar (and perhaps the most frequently published in JAMA). In “Suturing,” the predictable sonnet structure, and its harkening across centuries to the likes of Shakespeare and Donne, gratifies readers whil
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This Viewpoint discusses the executive order supporting the development and approval of psychedelic drugs and outlines issues surrounding their ethical and evidence-based integration into clinical care.
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To the Editor Dr Stern and colleagues argued persuasively for a transition toward outcomes-based accreditation and reaffirmed the importance of external validation in maintaining the profession’s social contract with society. Their call for reform is timely. However, several dime
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To the Editor We are writing in response to the Perspective article “A Call for Education Leadership in Accreditation Reform” to applaud some aspects of the article, provide relevant clarifications, and ensure awareness of work that is underway in graduate medical education (GME)
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In Reply We appreciate Drs Weinstein and Thibault’s and Dr Rajput’s thoughtful responses and agree that reform of accreditation focusing on outcomes and stewarded by physicians and educators must be part of the task of accrediting organizations at this time. The focus on GME rais
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In this narrative medicine essay, a medical student adapts to her sudden hearing loss with the help a cochlear implant and by overcoming her reticence to disclose her disability.
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This randomized trial investigates whether a self-directed cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) program that provides personal feedback reduces chronic pain more effectively than CBT-CP delivered by a clinician.
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This study assessed whether self-directed cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) with asynchronous, audio-recorded personalized feedback is more effective in reducing pain than usual clinical care.
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Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and other incretin-based medications, especially the newer-generation long-acting medications, have transformed the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related cardiometabolic disorders with broad-spectrum efficacy that is
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This study evaluates short-term outcomes of robot-assisted (Rt) and laparoscopic (Lap) intracorporeal anastomosis (IA) in colon resection using an exploratory single-center retrospective cohort and a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelin
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Non-invasive Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) tests are widely used in clinical practice in Japan; however, their diagnostic accuracy may vary with the composition of the target population, and no systematic review has synthesized their performance specifically in Japanese populat
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We aimed to systematically summarize data on efficacy of local salvage therapies for local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar through 05/08/2026, for studies on local salvage therapies for local recur
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Health systems (HSs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face significant challenges. Integrated HSs approach has been considered a feasible option for eliminating HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B (triple elimination). We performed a systematic review to determine the extent of utilisation
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health burden globally, associated with high healthcare costs and mortality rates. In Africa, the prevalence of CKD is estimated at around 10-15% in adults, with factors such as HIV, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular
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Digital screen exposure has risen sharply across paediatric, adolescent, and adult populations, and many individuals with migraine report that screen use triggers or worsens attacks. To systematically review and meta-analyse the association between digital screen exposure and mig
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Diabetes is of great interest globally, given the associated health and economic costs. It may impact long-term systemic and oral health with unfavourable outcomes when undetected or poorly controlled, leading to various oral manifestations, including premature tooth loss and red
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Remote telesurgery allows surgeons to operate over a distance using robotic systems and advanced networks. This review aims to compare remote telesurgery with local minimally invasive surgery (MIS) regarding patient outcomes and system-level outcomes. A PRISMA-compliant systemati
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Academic engagement has emerged as a central construct in higher education research, increasingly positioned as an integrative indicator of educational quality and long-term student outcomes. Despite exponential growth in engagement-related publications, the field remains theoret
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Regional intra-arterial delivery of cytotoxic drugs into bronchial arteries (bronchial artery infusion - BAI; bronchial arterial chemoembolization - BACE; drug-eluting bead BACE - DEB-BACE) aims to maximize local tumor exposure while minimizing systemic toxicity. Recent single-ce
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Tirzepatide and semaglutide are widely used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. However, the blood pressure-related adverse event profiles associated with tirzepatide and semaglutide remain unclear. This study systematically evaluated hypertension- and hypotension-re
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The cardiovascular impact of hypothyroidism remains controversial, particularly regarding the distinction between cardiovascular disease occurrence and cardiovascular prognosis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to separately evaluate the association between hypo
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To explore whether the association between tumor-associated sarcopenia and dysphagia generalizes across tumor types and differs between head and neck cancer (HNC) and other cancers. Eligible studies published before December 31, 2024 were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Sci
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Endoscopic skull base surgery is widely used for various skull base pathologies. The nasoseptal flap (NSF) is considered the gold-standard reconstructive technique to reduce postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. However, its impact on olfactory function remains unclear.
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Randomized clinical trials have shown that second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) improve overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). In Japan, combined androgen blockade (CAB) has been widely used as conventional ho
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Evidence suggests that people with glaucoma may experience more depressive symptoms than those without glaucoma, but prior estimates have been limited by heterogeneous ascertainment and insufficient separation of comparative, prevalence, and longitudinal evidence. We searched Pub
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This study aimed to compare the efficacy and short-term tolerability of microneedling combined with either tranexamic acid or vitamin C for melasma. A systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted across five databases (MEDLINE, Google Scholar
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Hemorrhagic acute brain injury-encompassing traumatic brain injury, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage-carries substantial morbidity and mortality. Active hemorrhage and hematoma progression constitute shared pathological mechanisms across these con
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A mobile low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) unit is an effective strategy for early lung cancer detection, particularly in high-risk populations affected by social and healthcare disparities. However, existing reviews are limited by only focusing on diagnostic outcomes. This stu
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In advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after EGFR-TKI failure, chemotherapy alone offers limited benefit, while heterogeneous efficacy and safety across combination regimens complicate treatment selection. We systematically compared chemotherapy-anchored regim
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is a common secondary glomerular disease in children. Approximately 30% of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura develop this renal complication, and among them, about 20% may progress to chronic kidney disease. Current treatment relies
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Post-stroke thalamic pain (PSTP) represents one of the most challenging types of refractory central neuropathic pain. The application of herbal medicine alongside Western medicine (WM) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic option for managing PSTP. Nevertheless, its compre
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Loneliness is increasingly recognized as an important psychosocial health issue among older adults. Older adults with chronic diseases and multimorbidity may be particularly vulnerable because long-term disease burden, coexisting chronic conditions, functional limitations, and re
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Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain one of the most disabling and costly complications of diabetes. Although standard of care (SOC) is the foundation of DFU management, many ulcers fail to heal adequately, prompting increasing use of adjunctive therapies. However, the comparative
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Smartphones support communication, access to services, and social participation in later life, but a small and growing evidence base addresses patterns of use characterised by loss of control and functional interference among older adults. To map the concepts, assessment tools, h
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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in host-parasite interactions, yet the rapid proliferation of publications has made it challenging to obtain a comprehensive, unbiased view of the field's intellectual structure and evolving frontiers. We performed
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with a broad spectrum of symptoms, which makes timely and accurate diagnosis challenging. The development of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) has created opportunities for automated ASD screening
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Pharmacogenetics plays an increasingly important role in oncology by supporting individualized therapeutic strategies based on patient genetic profiles. ClinicalTrials.gov provides a valuable platform for evaluating global trends in pharmacogenetic anticancer clinical trials. Thi
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This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of renal denervation (RDN) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis and resistant hypertension. A comprehensive search of PubMe
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Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a major complication following gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary-pancreatic, and pancreatic surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in reducing SSIs
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The diverse pathogenic mechanisms of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) result in therapeutic difficulties. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the impact of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) on prognosis of patients with MINOCA.
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Depression poses a major global health burden. Many patients exhibit treatment resistance or experience intolerable side effects with standard therapies. Acupuncture shows promise as an adjunctive therapy for depression, but its neurobiological mechanisms remain incompletely unde
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants face elevated risks of neonatal sepsis, influenced by maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Dolutegravir (DTG), a widely used integrase transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and the preferred first line drugs for management of HI
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Selective D1/D5 dopamine receptor partial agonists are proposed to provide motor benefit without the impulse control disorders and somnolence associated with D2/D3 dopamine agonists. With tavapadon under regulatory review, no quantitative synthesis of this drug class exists. Emba
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Inadequate bowel preparation (IBP) can impair the safety, efficiency, and diagnostic accuracy of colonoscopy. Numerous multivariable prediction models have been developed to identify patients at high risk of IBP, yet their reported performance varies substantially. To systematica
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Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is increasingly used to guide cardiovascular interventions. This study compared the performance of ICE with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in device closures of interatrial communications. A systematic search through PubMed, Scopus, Coc
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Percutaneous needle placement is ubiquitous across specialties, yet accuracy remains constrained by needle-tissue interactions and target localization, motivating interest in robotic assistance. However, clinical benefit has yet to be systematically pooled. Following PRISMA guide
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Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a key biomarker for immunotherapy in gastric cancer (GC), but preoperative non-invasive prediction remains challenging. Radiomics is promising; however, a systematic evaluation of its diagnostic performance with explicit consideration of overfi
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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is driven by persistent inflammation and microvascular damage. Statins are hypothesized to offer vasculoprotective effects beyond lipid-lowering. We systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of statins in SSc across biochemical, vascular, and patie
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The optimal timing of surgical intervention for peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) after gunshot wounds (GSWs) is controversial. Although delayed intervention has traditionally been preferred, recent reports suggest earlier intervention may improve outcomes. This study compares ear
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Climate change is intensifying environmental exposures - wildfire smoke, ambient air pollution, extreme heat, and weather-driven disasters - with plausible but incompletely quantified consequences for cancer, and no prior synthesis has jointly examined them across cancer incidenc
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We reviewed evidence on whether vaccinated individuals can transmit measles and conducted a meta-analysis to understand transmission characteristics. We searched and extracted data from peer-reviewed and gray literature and included studies reporting measles transmission events f
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Cardiovascular complications remain the leading cause of mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), with heart failure (HF) representing a major clinical challenge. Beyond neurohormonal dysregulation, malnutrition and chronic microinflammation contribute sig
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In-hospital cardiac arrest carries high mortality despite advances in monitoring, rapid response systems, and adherence to advanced life support (ALS) guidelines. Digital decision-support tools, including mobile applications, are increasingly explored to improve guideline adheren
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Chronic heart failure (CHF) significantly impairs physical function and quality of life. Although exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation represents a primary therapeutic strategy, participation rates remain low due to logistical barriers. Digital health technologies (DHTs) offer a
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Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related overlap syndrome involving myositis, myocarditis, and myasthenia gravis (3M overlap syndrome) is rare but potentially fatal. Current evidence is derived mainly from case reports and small case series, and individual case-level data on anc
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Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and a history of myocardial infarction (MI) face a high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) reduce cardiovascular risk, but no he
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Biventricular pacing (BiVP) is the gold standard for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), yet up to 30% of patients fail to respond. Conduction system pacing (CSP) has emerged as an alternative with potential for physiol
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The concept of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome has recently been introduced as an integrated framework linking heart, kidney, and metabolic disorders. However, a global overview of the research landscape in this emerging field is still lacking. Publications related
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The PROTECTeD study sought to develop an evidence-based termination of resuscitation guideline for use within United Kingdom ambulance services. This mixed-methods study comprised several work packages: Work package 1 - diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis of termination of res
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Nurses are pivotal in promoting self-care among patients with heart failure (HF), particularly by educating them on how to prevent potential complications and rehospitalisations. Meanwhile, optimal self-care in patients with heart failure is a positive predictor of improved physi
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are the archetypal components of cardiometabolic syndromes associated with heart failure (HF) with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF/HFmrEF). The specific contribution of T2DM, independent of obesity, to myocardial ad
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Pressure wire-based fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the reference standard for physiologic lesion assessment but remains underutilized owing to the need for hyperemia, procedural complexity, and wire-related risks. Angiography-derived FFR provides a wire- and hyperemia-free asse
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Conduction system pacing (CSP) has emerged as a physiologic alternative to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular pacing (BiVP) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), yet its comparative effects remain uncertain. This meta-analysis sought to
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Amyloid-lowering antibodies are associated with neuroanatomical volume changes. This study aims to disentangle the contributions of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and amyloid clearance to these changes. Data from the GRADUATE I and II trials of gantenerumab in early
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Progressive neurological diseases (PNDs) such as Parkinson disease and multiple sclerosis cause profound motor and nonmotor symptom burdens that significantly impair health-related quality of life. Beyond physical challenges, patients face profound psychospiritual distress driven
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Intensive, high-repetition practice is one of the strategies incorporated into upper-limb task-oriented training (UL-TOT) to promote experience-dependent neural plasticity after stroke. Although a target of 300 repetitions during a one-hour UL-TOT session is feasible, considerabl
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ABvac40 is an active immunotherapy targeting Aβ40, the main component of cerebrovascular deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A 24-month randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study (Part A) showed favorable safety and robust immunogenicity, with exploratory signals of cl
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Overlapping network architecture supports functional integration and multifunctional regional engagement in the brain, and may serve as a candidate biomarker for interventions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the biological context underlying intermittent theta-burst s
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Current recommended blood pressure (BP) targets during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) rely on a one-size-fits-all approach aiming at preventing hypertension. The efficacy and safety of an individualized BP control during thrombectomy for ischemic stroke has not been well studied. W
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To investigate the effects of an eight-week physiotherapy program focusing on balance, coordination, and muscle strengthening on gait, mobility, posture, and motor proficiency in children with low vision. Twenty-two children aged 7-14 years with ophthalmologist-diagnosed low visi
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for tethered cord syndrome. In a randomized, prospective, single-blind study, 73 patients aged 1-18 years with American Societ
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Dizziness and vertigo are common and debilitating neurological symptoms among patients visiting the emergency department (ED). Possibly because the symptoms are not captured by standard stroke severity tools such as the NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), their ne
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Upper limb motor function is one of the most desired abilities of individuals with tetraplegia. Virtual reality-based exergaming is one of the advanced methods of supplementing conventional rehabilitation that enables the user to perform multiple repetitions of meaningful movemen
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This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of an app-guided mindfulness meditation (MM) intervention compared to a health education (HE) control for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic pain. A pilot randomized controlled trial recruited 60 individual
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to severe mobility impairments, necessitating intense rehabilitation to promote recovery and optimize outcomes. Overground robotic exoskeletons (ORE) are emerging gait training tools, but their capacity to elicit moderate-to-vigorous intensity
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BACKGROUND Stroke frequently causes persistent motor impairment and dependence in activities of daily living (ADL). Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive, repetitive, task‑specific training that may promote neuroplasticity. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of VR-based
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Apnea of prematurity is a frequent clinical complication in very preterm infants. Olfactory stimulation has been proposed as a complementary nonpharmacological strategy to reduce apnea episodes, although previous studies have shown methodological limitations. The PREMODEUR study
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Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been implicated in modifying treatment response and clinical outcomes in Parkinson's disease(PD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HP eradication therapy on motor symptoms, non-motor symptom burden, and quality of life in pati
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Insomnia is common in anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD), but cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is understudied in these conditions. We evaluated the (cost-)effectiveness of CBT-I in adults with insomnia and sy
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Shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS), as a significant complication of stroke, has seen a continuous increase in incidence. The Fire Dragon Cupping (FDC) therapy is an emerging cupping therapy (CT), and this study aims to summarize the clinical evidence of FDC therapy intervention for SH
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Blood pressure-lowering treatment prevents stroke after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. However, there is uncertainty over the consistency of the effects across clinically relevant subgroups as well as the time course over which benefits accrue. We aimed to pool individual
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Post-stroke dysphagia ((PSD) impaired swallowing following stroke), increases risk of death, yet the effects of potential treatments are unclear. This review updates the 2018 review. To assess the effects of swallowing therapies on swallowing impairment (SI) among stroke survivor
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Currently, there is a lack of robust evidence demonstrating the efficacy of mindfulness-based exercise (MBE) on motor and cognitive outcomes in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), resulting in the absence of standardized and effective
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Survivors of childhood cancer have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but that risk may be reduced by healthy lifestyle behaviors. Using a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design, this study aims to test different approaches to improve physi
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Accurate preoperative radiological assessment is essential in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) to achieve clear margins while minimizing unnecessary healthy tissue excision. Discrepancies between radiological and pathological tumor size may contribute to re-excision. This study ev
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High-dose selenium (Se) as selenomethionine (SLM) and sodium selenite (SS) can improve the efficacy of cancer therapies while reducing toxicity. Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) is effective in preclinical models but has not been evaluated in cancer trials. This phase Ib randomised,
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Mefatinib, a novel second-generation epidermal growth factor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown promising antitumor activity in targeting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with common and uncommon EGFR-activating mutations. In this phase III, randomized, double-blin
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Recognising and acting on the connection to Country as a determinant of Indigenous peoples' well-being is necessary to improve health inequities. Indigenous Australians experience a greater burden of chronic liver disease and poorer outcomes due to ongoing impacts of colonis
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Human papillomavirus is a major cause of cervical and other human papillomavirus-related cancers, and education is essential for prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a structured human papillomavirus education program on women's human papillomaviru
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Cancer patients often suffer from neurocognitive impairments due to cancer treatment, the cancer itself, and/or coping with the illness, significantly impairing quality of life and everyday functioning. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an online MBSR course regarding neu
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Oliceridine, a novel biased μ-opioid receptor agonist, is widely used perioperatively, yet limited data exists regarding its impact on postoperative quality of recovery. This study investigated the effect of oliceridine-based patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on pos
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The low uptake of cervical cancer screening (CCS) in rural areas is mainly related to the lack of awareness regarding cervical cancer. Using educational interventions has been shown to substantially improve knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer, which are important deter
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Safety evaluation in first-in-human (FIH) Phase 1 oncology trials is largely descriptive and provides limited quantitative insights. This study characterized the dynamics of platelet count (PLT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration in the LP-184 FIH study and explored
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Orally administered small-molecule programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors may have the potential to improve patient outcomes in the treatment of a range of cancers compared with their antibody-based counterparts. A small molecule might achieve better tumor tissue penetratio
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Brexucabtagene-autoleucel (brexu-cel) is an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) product approved for relapsed/refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) after two prior treatment lines, including Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi). Patients with high-risk (hr) dis
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Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic disease in children. Information on efficacy and safety of oral allergic rhinitis treatments in children is scarce. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral medications for allergic rhinitis in children. We
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To determine whether the Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lens is non-inferior to Orthokeratology lenses (OKL) in slowing the progression of myopia in children. A parallel-group, non-inferiority randomised clinical trial at the University Hospital of Southe
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Pediatric heart transplant (PHTR) recipients have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak); however, the magnitude of this impairment and its underlying central hemodynamic mechanisms remain poorly characterized. This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified differences
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Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity are associated with adverse body composition and impaired glucose metabolism. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation may modulate the gut microbiota and has been proposed as a potential adjunctive strategy for obesity management. T
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Background/Objectives: This study examined whether adding 10 g of protein to a high glycaemic index (GI) breakfast could attenuate postprandial glycaemic responses in children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Postprandial glucose responses following this modifie
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Background and Objectives: Evidence on the acute ergogenic effects of caffeine in adolescent athletes remains limited. This systematic review quantified acute performance-related effects and summarised adverse-event reporting in this population. Methods: PubMed and Web of Science
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Chordoma is a rare notochordal malignancy of the axial skeleton, and distant cutaneous metastasis is among its rarest manifestations-an under-recognised mimic of benign and malignant skin tumours that often presents with an incomplete clinical history. We performed a systematic r
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In many remote and low-resource regions, standard methods for assessing the nutritional status of children are hindered by inadequate access to equipment, inaccurate equipment, high costs of screening, and under-resourced health facilities for malnutrition risk screening. Mid-upp
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Pain management in pediatric patients during the postoperative period is crucial for ensuring success in managing the postoperative process. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in pediatric patients undergoing abdominal
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This systematic review summarized findings on the association between screen time and bruxism in children and adolescents (PROSPERO- CRD42023429775). Two researchers conducted the search and selection of studies, extracted the data, and analyzed the risk of bias. The quality of t
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Given that several preschools and schoolchildren do not meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, the interest in including short activity breaks during school hours has become a popular trend among professionals in educational settings. Among them, before-school PA breaks have bee
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Problematic gaming and broader digital media-related family difficulties are increasingly encountered not only in specialist mental health services but also in everyday municipal support services. Sweden's new Social Services Act strengthens municipalities' responsibili
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Piezogenic papules (PP) are soft, skin-colored or yellowish herniations of subcutaneous fat appearing under pressure, commonly on the heels. While usually benign, they may cause pain and have been associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PP are included in the 2017 diagnostic crit
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School participation is frequency and involvement from person-environment transactions, not diagnosis, per the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the family of participation-related constructs (fPRC). In this framework, the environmental
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This study investigated the effects of sensory-based treatments (SBT) combined with active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the left prefrontal cortex (SBT+AtDCS), and SBT combined with sham tDCS (SBT+StDCS) in autism spectrum condition (ASC). Eleven ASC children
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This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of NAM therapy compared with no PSO treatment in children with orofacial clefts.
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Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), affecting over 30 million children globally, substantially increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. In 2023, the World Health Organization recommended lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) for children requiring supplementation for MAM, e
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Whether screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can improve health outcomes may depend in part on screening being acceptable and accurate. Screening modality and context may be important determinants of these characteristics. We compared telephone ACE screenings by 211
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Families from disadvantaged communities often experience social care needs that adversely impact access to social and healthcare services. This study aimed to explore the determinants of social care needs and the associated clinical characteristics such as parental mental health
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Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed first-line stimulant for managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD, yet concerns remain regarding its safety and potential impact on neurodevelopment during critical growth periods. To systematically review the literat
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School-based health promotion is critical for enhancing health literacy and academic performance. In South Africa, preventable visual impairment among school children may be exacerbated by the absence of structured eyecare promotion interventions. The objective of the study was t
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To evaluate whether adding a spleen- and kidney-invigorating Chinese herbal decoction to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves immune recovery and nutritional status in people living with HIV. Forty adults living with HIV were randomly allocated to receive either
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Objective: To investigate the antibody persistence and influencing factors of the simplified two-dose and standard three-dose hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among people aged 15-40 years after 20 years of primary immunization. Methods: In November 2003, a total of 1 994 healthy peopl
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Despite the demonstrated safety of human papillomavirus vaccines, concerns have arisen regarding potential associations of human papillomavirus vaccination on reproductive health. The objective of this registry-based study was to compare overtime association of vaccination and ea
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Phase 2a trials in tuberculosis patients traditionally assess early bactericidal activity over two weeks, often using the time-to-positivity biomarker, followed by a phase 2b study typically lasting 8-week with time-to-event of culture conversion as the endpoint. This study inves
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Adults who survive intensive care unit (ICU) admission with sepsis (sepsis survivors) have immune impairments involving concurrent inflammation and immunosuppression that increase their long-term risk of reinfections and mortality. Vaccine immunogenicity could therefore be abnorm
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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard adjuvant therapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, a substantial proportion of patients develop BCG-unresponsive disease with limited bladder-preserving options. The objective of this study was to det
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Vitamin D (vitD) plays a role in metabolic regulation, including lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. During pregnancy, profound physiological changes in lipid handling and ketogenesis occur to support fetal development. However, the extent to which maternal vitamin D status
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The patatin-like phospholipase 3 (PNPLA3) I148M genetic variant is highly associated with steatotic liver disease. In the SURPASS-3 MRI substudy, tirzepatide significantly reduced liver fat content (LFC) versus insulin degludec in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes with
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Daraxonrasib is an orally bioavailable RAS(ON) multi-selective tri-complex inhibitor of the oncogenic mutant and wild-type variants of N, H and KRAS. We previously reported encouraging efficacy in a phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating daraxonrasib monotherapy at clinically active
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Dropout from psychotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) undermines treatment effectiveness for both patients and clinicians. Early identification of individuals at risk of discontinuation is therefore essential. Machine learning methods, particularly those incorporating re
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Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent in primary care (PC). Therapeutic needs are not always met. In the multicentred, randomised-controlled PTSD after Intensive Care Unit Survival (PICTURE) trial, patients with mild to moderate symptoms of PTSD followin
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The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the efficacy of PPT compared to CBT and to test whether PPT is as effective or even more effective than CBT in reducing anxiety symptoms and improving the patients' quality of life. The interventions last ten weeks
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) in older adults can result in detrimental health consequences and often presents with resistance to antidepressant treatment. While Hesed-coil 4 (H4) and 7 have shown great promise in the treatment of MDD in older adults, not all participants will
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Our initial smaller study and other recent research suggest that adding a physical exercise program to cognitive training has promise for enhancing the impact on attention and overall cognition. We hypothesized that this would be the case even compared to adding a healthy living
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Nonadherence to treatment increases relapse and rehospitalization risks and diminishes quality of life in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. This study was developed to explore the effect of motivational interview-based cognitive therapy (MIBCT) on medication adherenc
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American Indian and Alaska Native individuals report higher rates of substance use disorders and psychological distress compared with individuals from other racial and ethnic groups. However, few evidence-based, culturally grounded programs address substance use and mental health
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Living with severe mental illness (SMI) adversely affects quality of life (QoL). The SOFIA program, a coordinated general practice care initiative in Denmark, aimed to improve QoL and reduce mortality through extended general practitioner (GP) consultations, training for GPs and
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To compare employment outcomes reported by a completed randomised controlled trial (IPS-AD: Individual Placement and Support - Alcohol and Drug Dependence) with those observed during the English national expansion of IPS services, and to identify factors associated with improved
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The Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) is a brief clinical tool assessing substance use, health and well-being used in Australian alcohol and other drug treatment services. It is validated for use with clients using alcohol, opioids and cannabis, but not yet for clients
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IntroductionThe purpose of this secondary data analysis of an RCT, was to examine the preliminary efficacy of moderate-intensity cycling exercise versus control on cognitive and affective symptoms (i.e., depressive and anxiety), and quality of life (QoL) in older adults with subj
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Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) is one of the most prevalent pain disorders worldwide. Telerehabilitation is increasingly used in the management of CNSLBP. However, evidence on its effects in CNSLBP remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed t
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Effective postoperative pain control following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is essential to enhance for early functional recovery. Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) is a sustained-release formulation of bupivacaine is used to prolong analgesia after regional nerve block. This study eva
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Optimal analgesia after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains uncertain. This trial evaluated whether adding ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve group (PENG) and iliohypogastric nerve blocks (IHGNBs) to standardized multimodal analgesia improves postoperative analgesia after THA.
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To evaluate the feasibility of non-tourniquet strategy combined with "High-position Low-Perfusion" positioning in distal humeral fractures ORIF (DHF-ORIF), and to investigate its effects on perioperative blood loss, postoperative rehabilitation, and functional outcomes.
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Early umbilical cord clamping during delivery-room resuscitation may interrupt placental transfusion during cardiopulmonary transition, increasing neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate whether intact cord resuscitation (ICR) improves delivery-room stabili
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This study compared three standardized postoperative analgesic strategies for adults undergoing multilevel posterior lumbar fusion surgery: liposomal bupivacaine thoracolumbar interfascial plane block (LB-TLIP), ropivacaine TLIP block (Ropi-TLIP), and liposomal bupivacaine local
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Robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) improves component-placement accuracy but lengthens the operative time, an established risk factor for perioperative complications. Whether this additional operative time increases perioperative trauma has not been formally tested, part
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Large randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of obesity interventions have excluded those with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) including recipients of dialysis. Obesity management is critically important to their health and healthcare, including their ability to access kidney
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Coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) parameters are increasingly used to characterize native coronal alignment and guide alignment strategies in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) based on long-leg radiographs (LLR). Computed tomography (CT) based robotic TKA software enables ca
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Objective:To compare the differences between the linear and oblique approaches in rigid laryngoscopy regarding the exposure of key laryngeal structures and patient tolerance. Methods:A total of 104 patients admitted to He'nan Provincial People's Hospital from January to
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Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of tympanoplasty in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media（CSOM） complicated by fungal infection through a prospective randomized controlled study, and to explore the optimal surgical timing for chronic otitis media patients acco
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The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of coffee and warm water consumption on gastrointestinal system functions after cesarean section performed under general anesthesia. The research employed randomized controlled experimental design. The study sample consisted
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Despite their well-known efficacy, forced-air warming during operations has its drawbacks, mainly high energy consumption and risk of hyperthermia. We therefore investigated two warming strategies in a prospective randomized study with the aim of reducing the incidence of hyperth
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Preoperative anxiety (PA) may adversely affect perioperative management by increasing psychological distress and contributing to hemodynamic fluctuations. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the effect of the palming technique on PA in patients undergoing thyroidectomy and sec
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Shoulder arthroscopy has become increasingly popular over the past decade. During this procedure, bleeding directly affects visualization and influences both intraoperative visibility and postoperative outcomes by causing hemarthrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the
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Severe pneumonia is a respiratory disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, often necessitating mechanical ventilation. However, prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with an increased risk of complications and higher use of healthcare resources. The efficacy
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Dual long-acting bronchodilators are a standard treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), aimed at alleviating dyspnea, improving exercise tolerance, and preventing exacerbations. Metronome-paced tachypnea (MPT) offers a feasible alternative to exercise testing f
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Long COVID is frequently characterized by persistent fatigue and impaired quality of life. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis and immune dysregulation may contribute to symptom persistence. We evaluated the effects of the probiotic formulation VSL#3® in pa
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic lung disease, and respiratory muscle dysfunction is one of its key pathogenic mechanisms. Liuzijue, a traditional Chinese health exercise, has been widely applied in COPD rehabilitation, showing benefits in impro
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Early total enteral feeding (ETEF) may reduce exposure to intravenous fluids and parenteral nutrition in preterm infants. However, evidence regarding its safety and effectiveness remains limited, particularly among preterm infants with a birth weight of 1000-1250 g. We compared E
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Background/Objectives: Functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are chronic gastrointestinal conditions that substantially impair quality of life. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of Heyndrickxia coagulans IDCC 1201 (COA 1201) in adults wi
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The effects of gliflozins on bones of CKD patients on dialysis are unknown. Recently, SGLT2 expression in bone tissue of patients with CKD has been reported. We hypothesized that dapagliflozin may act in bone cells and modulate the Klotho-FGF23 axis. This study analyzed the effec
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AbstractFrom January 2019 through June 2026, the California Department of Public Health identified 592 cases of silicosis among workers fabricating crystalline silica-containing engineered stone countertops. Of those, 65 underwent lung transplantation, and 31 died. Silicosis is p
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AbstractThe rapidly changing U.S. e-cigarette marketplace is dominated by unauthorized products. We used retail scanner data from Circana, a market research company that collects point-of-sale scanner data from a large retail sample, to estimate the proportion of unauthorized e-c
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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 395, Issue 7, Page 660-670, August 13, 2026.
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Even the very word vitiligo denotes stigma—it probably comes from the Latin vitium, meaning a blemish, a defect, or a flaw. The visibility of depigmented skin, a culture that judges people by how they look, and enduring misconceptions of contagion have reinforced negative social
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The therapeutic landscape of type 2 diabetes and obesity has evolved from single-hormone incretin modulation towards multireceptor metabolic engineering. Amylin is cosecreted with insulin from pancreatic β cells in response to food intake and acts on amylin receptors distributed
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Non-segmental vitiligo, a chronic immune-mediated depigmenting skin condition affecting millions of individuals worldwide, has long occupied a paradoxical position within dermatology.1 Despite its considerable impact on patients’ wellbeing and quality of life, it has historically
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The cross-border conflict affecting the border regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan has received scant global attention amid conflict in the Gulf region and the Middle East. Some 50 million civilians live across the long porous border between the countries,1 and face enormous heal
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The UK has long been a leader in tobacco control, including tobacco harm reduction. The passage of the Tobacco and Vapes Act 2026 in England and Wales is notable for keeping the primary focus on smoking and distinguishing combustible tobacco from lower-risk nicotine products.1 Pa
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The key purposes of the European Union (EU) to date have been peace, prosperity, environmental protection, and the promotion of common interests in the wider world.1,2 In some ways, health has always been integral to these aims: during the 1980s, Europe Against Cancer and Europe
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Restrictions on women and girls, deep cuts to international aid, health-facility closures, and mass returns are mounting pressure on Afghanistan's fragile health system. Sophie Cousins reports.
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WHO's efforts to eliminate the disease are way off target. Sophie Cousins reports.
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There have been various efforts to capture public experiences and views during the COVID-19 pandemic, most frequently through surveys about perceptions of the risk of getting COVID-19, willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, and attitudes towards government handling of the pand
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At a time when political leaders in the USA still invoke an “autism epidemic” and recycle discredited theories of causation, it is important to reflect on what it means to be autistic. Despite the politics of autism, there has been an increasing drive to recognise autism as a for
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Infectious disease specialist, rabies control advocate, and educator. Born on April 27, 1944, in Karachi, Pakistan, she died following a road traffic crash in Tangiers, Morocco, on May 22, 2026, aged 82 years.
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France's decision to anchor its 2026 G7 presidency around One Health signals a high point for this approach.1 Although the political energy is real, so is the risk of squandering it. Despite years of discussion, One Health is better at describing a vision than specifying wha
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The planetary health system is extraordinarily complex, encompassing human communities, wildlife species, natural ecosystems, and diverse societal factors.1 Planetary health is constrained by boundaries and finite resources shared across generations.2 Without artificial intellige
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The Arctic is undergoing rapid transformation driven by global warming, long-range transport of toxic industrial chemicals, emerging diseases, and biodiversity change, with cascading consequences for ecosystems and human health worldwide.1 Addressing these interconnected challeng
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As we navigate the redesign of global health at a moment of acute constraint, one troubling reality stands out: the women who already effectively run our health systems are chronically underfunded as leaders. Women provide nearly 70% of health care globally but hold fewer than 25
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We read with interest Lon S Schneider's Comment1 on the evoke and evoke+ trials2 of oral semaglutide in early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. While we agree that these studies do not support semaglutide as a treatment for established Alzheimer's disease, we cautio
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We read Joe Parkin Daniels’ World Report1 on Cuba's deepening health crisis with collegial concern about what remains structurally absent from its causal account. Missing is any serious reckoning with six decades of US embargo, expanded sanctions, a State Sponsor of Terroris
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Joe Parkin Daniels’ World Report1 rightly documents the worsening crisis in Cuban health care, but the crisis should not be read mainly through the regime's preferred explanation of external constraint. I am troubled that Cuba's health crisis is still described without
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As a member of the Israeli Medical Association, I am deeply disturbed by how medicine has become entwined with politics, as seen in the World Report.1 Criticism against Israel's Government should not be targeted against its doctors. The Israeli medical oath obligates extendi
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In people with type 2 diabetes, once-daily oral zenagamtide showed clinically meaningful and significant improvements in HbA1c from baseline to week 36 compared with placebo at all three dose levels (6, 25, and 50 mg). The safety and tolerability of oral zenagamtide was consisten
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In people with type 2 diabetes, once-weekly subcutaneous zenagamtide 0·4–40 mg demonstrated clinically meaningful and significant improvements in change in HbA1c from baseline to week 36 compared with placebo, with a safety and tolerability profile consistent with that of other G
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Upadacitinib 15 mg daily provides clinically meaningful repigmentation of both the face and total body for adults and adolescents with non-segmental vitiligo, with no new safety signals identified.
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Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare immune-mediated disease characterised by a periaortoiliac fibro-inflammatory tissue that often encases neighbouring structures (eg, ureters). Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis can be isolated or part of IgG4-related disease, whereas secondary
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A 63-year-old man with a reported history of sarcoidosis, without histological confirmation, was referred for evaluation of persistent fever of unknown origin. Laboratory investigations showed microcytic anaemia (haemoglobin 9·1 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume 70 fL), elevated C-re
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The new era of artificial intelligence (AI) in health has arrived. AI tools are being developed and adopted across research and clinical practice. In mental health, generative AI is already being used to facilitate administrative tasks in clinical practice and in a variety of way
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The groundbreaking discovery of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis almost 20 years ago linked the binding of autoantibodies to a specific brain receptor with widespread neuropsychiatric symptoms.1 This disease has always raised questions at the heart of traditiona
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More than two decades of trials have established that brief psychosocial interventions delivered by non-specialists reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and task-sharing is now central to global mental health efforts.1 Yet, these interventions have mostly been evaluated as
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The COVID-19 pandemic did not create the physical health inequalities encountered by people with severe mental illness (SMI). Long before SARS-CoV-2 emerged, this population faced one of the widest mortality gaps in medicine, losing 10–20 years of life expectancy, largely because
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People with severe mental illness experience markedly poorer physical health,1 which, to a large degree, contributes to their substantially shorter life expectancy.2 Although the presence of single physical comorbidities is well-documented, the simultaneous occurrence of multiple
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With major depressive disorder (MDD) being a common psychiatric condition in the world's population, easily accessible treatments with high efficacy and low health risks in early phases of the disorder can mitigate symptom progression and reduce long-term negative effects. T
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The global prevalence of ADHD is around 2–5% in adults, with stimulant medications remaining the cornerstone of treatment.1 Randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine formulations, improve attentio
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Because “language is powerful”, French and colleagues1 encourage mental health researchers to revise ADHD terminology and to use neurodiversity-affirmative language in reporting scientific findings. We agree that revision of language is essential to good science, but it must be d
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Pardiñas AF, Kappel DB, Roberts M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics of clozapine in an ancestrally diverse sample: a longitudinal analysis and genome-wide association study using UK clinical monitoring data. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10: 209–19—In this Article, particip
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Blumberger DM, McClintock SM, Thorpe KE, et al. Confirmatory efficacy and safety trial of magnetic seizure therapy versus right unilateral ultra-brief electroconvulsive therapy in depression (CREST–MST): a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial in Canada and the USA. Lan
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Clozapine remains the most effective antipsychotic for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, yet its use continues to be restricted by mandatory haematological monitoring requirements. Although these monitoring programmes have substantially reduced mortality associated with clozapin
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The new president of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Mark Rapaport, has enjoyed a long and successful career by following some simple principles: try to leave the world a little better than you found it, and always ask your patients what they want rather than assuming
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Post-acute NMDAR encephalitis is characterised by systematic alterations of brain morphology. These changes are associated with persistent psychiatric symptoms and memory dysfunction after immunotherapy, highlighting fractal dimensionality as a promising new imaging marker of lon
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Strengthening social support, problem management, and behavioural activation were associated with the greatest incremental benefit within task-shared psychosocial interventions for adults with depression or anxiety.
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Excess mortality in people with SMI persisted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive public health and clinical strategies are needed to address excess mortality and lower vaccination.
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People with schizophrenia-spectrum or bipolar disorder experience increased relative and absolute incidence of systemic physical multimorbidity spanning multiple systems, compared with individuals without these disorders. The largest differences were observed among younger cohort
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People with severe mental illness have higher rates of cardiometabolic morbidity and premature mortality than the general population. Altered brain energy metabolism can contribute to psychiatric symptoms, suggesting metabolic interventions could improve mental and physical healt
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The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is anticipated to transform mental health care. However, the rapid research growth in this field has outpaced coordinated frameworks, leaving research efforts fragmented, standards inconsistent, and safeguards for safety and ethics largely
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Ambient artificial intelligence (AI) documentation tools, known as AI scribes, have entered psychiatric clinical practice, bundling at least three operations into a single workflow, without sufficient attention to the differences among them. In this Personal View, we argue that A
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The public view on the gut microbiome is easily gleaned from a scan of the papers or the phone screen: advertisements for the best gut health drinks and advice pieces on whether a daily shot of olive oil will improve your intestinal microbiome. For what seems like a modern fixati
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As the Democratic Republic of the Congo confronts its 17th recorded Ebola disease outbreak, global health discourse has again reached for familiar militarised language, such as killer virus, deadly enemy, battle against Ebola, and war on disease. Although understandable, such fra
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We read with concern the recent declaration of the Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) outbreak in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo as a public health emergency of international concern and the accompanying analysis by Thirumalaisamy P Velavan and colleagues,1 published in The
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is eroding the effectiveness of antibiotics and raising the cost of incorrect empirical therapy. Sequence-based diagnostics that infer antimicrobial susceptibility from pathogen genomes promise faster, more tailored prescribing than culture-based su
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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a severe respiratory disease with a case-fatality rate historically exceeding 30%.1 Although most hantaviruses are primarily transmitted via the inhalation of aerosolised rodent excreta, the Andes orthohantavirus shows substantial potential human-
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) continues to circulate globally in avian and mammalian species. Since its emergence in 1997, over 1000 confirmed human infections with H5N1 have been reported, with a case-fatality rate of approximately 50%. In recent years, H5N1 clade 2
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The potential for airborne transmission of the monkeypox virus remains intensely debated. Although computational fluid dynamics models suggest that the aerosol transmission of the monkeypox virus is highly inefficient compared with that of SARS-CoV-21 and that epidemiological evi
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We read with great interest the Article by Ann E Snaith and colleagues, published in The Lancet Microbe, that described the long-term genomic dynamics of invasive Escherichia coli in neonates.1 The scale and temporal depth of their dataset provide a unique opportunity to examine
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We thank Wentao Zhu and colleagues for their comments on our Article,1 which described the population dynamics of Escherichia coli causing invasive infections in neonates in the Netherlands over a 50-year period.
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During the 22nd edition of The Fungal Update conference (London, UK, March 27–28, 2026), topics of discussion spanned pathogen characterisation, epidemiology, diagnostics, and therapeutics of fungal infections, with approaches ranging from in vitro, to translational, to clinical.
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Australia has been validated by WHO as having eliminated trachoma, the world’s leading infectious cause of blindness, as a public health problem. It becomes the 30th country globally to reach this milestone.
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Both regimens treated P vivax malaria with high efficacy. Pyronaridine–artesunate plus low-dose primaquine rapidly interrupted transmission. The findings support further evaluation of pyronaridine–artesunate plus low-dose primaquine as a unified treatment strategy in co-endemic s
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Our findings reinforce the continued use of artemether–lumefantrine plus primaquine for treating uncomplicated P falciparum malaria. Pyronaridine–artesunate plus primaquine also shows promise as an alternative regimen. Continued surveillance remains essential to safeguarding both
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During the established rash phase (14 days [SD 2] after onset), saliva provides diagnostic yield similar to that provided by lesion swabs for clade Ib mpox in this hospitalised cohort. These findings are restricted to this sampling window; further studies are needed to define per
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We identified no differences in transmission between individuals who were symptomatic and those who were asymptomatic using multiple genomic measures. In this high-transmission setting, where systematic screening is implemented, our findings indicate that asymptomatic tuberculosi
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These findings show the potential of wastewater-based genomic surveillance to identify and track circulating RSV lineages and clinically relevant mutations. As novel RSV immunoprophylaxis measures are introduced in upcoming RSV seasons, wastewater-derived genomic RSV data provide
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The prophage content was shaped by the bacterial lineage, ecological niche, and temporal dynamics, providing an additional layer of epidemiological resolution beyond conventional genome typing. Integrating prophage profiling into molecular surveillance frameworks could help to id
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Our study shows detection of Alongshan virus in archived tick samples dating back to 2005, representing the earliest documented occurrence of the virus to date and suggesting that Alongshan virus has been circulating in Austria for at least two decades. The detection of Alongshan
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DBSS analysis serves as a reliable method for quantifying neonatal AlpN-specific IgG. Our findings support the use of DBSSs to establish an AlpN-specific SToRR that could facilitate licensure of the maternal AlpN-GBS vaccine. AlpN-specific IgG concentrations in cord serum closely
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To our knowledge, this model is the first to characterise and predict the time-course of responses of clinical isolates to antibiotics only by the resistance mechanisms present and their complex interplay, representing a step towards pathogen-specific, personalised medicine.
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The colonisation of the human gut microbiome commences at birth and continues to evolve throughout the lifespan. A balanced symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbiome is essential for maintaining overall health. This two-part Series presents a comprehensive overvi
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The human gut microbiome shows dynamic variation throughout the lifespan and remarkable spatial organisation within the gastrointestinal tract. Complementing the focus of the first paper of this Series on the human microbiome dynamics and health, which focused on the temporal dyn
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Life-threatening invasive and mucosal fungal infections are a major, increasingly complex global health problem. Among all population groups, individuals who are immunocompromised face the greatest risk of contracting such infections, and the size of these global populations is g
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a recognised global threat with substantial predicted impact on lives, agriculture, and the economy. Metagenomic sequencing is being increasingly used for AMR surveillance and detection, given its capacity for community-level AMR profiling with h
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JAMA
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Listen to the JAMA Editor’s Summary for an overview and discussion of the important articles appearing in JAMA.
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The American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, the European Society of Cardiology, and the World Heart Federation published a consensus statement in Circulation on a new universal definition of heart failure.
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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized 20 nicotine pouches to be marketed as modified risk tobacco products.
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Cognitive rehabilitation focused on personal functional goals may be more effective in treating long COVID−related impairment than treatment as usual, a randomized clinical trial published in JAMA Network Open found.
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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new treatment for adults with severe hypertriglyceridemia, the first shown to reduce the risk of acute pancreatitis.
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Certain healthy dietary patterns may be associated with a lower risk of dementia, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open.
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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) released a new charter, reflecting a shift in the group’s focus and structure.
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This Medical News article discusses whether disease specialists or primary care and evidence experts should write screening guidelines.
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This Medical News article discusses new clinical practice guidelines for diagnosing, staging, and treating cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.
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Many clinical investigations are intended to evaluate or demonstrate causal relationships (eg, the effect of a treatment or other intervention on patient outcomes), whether using information from well-designed randomized clinical trials, leveraging observational data with suitabl
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This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of the difference-in-differences method, a tool for addressing potential biases by contrasting the change in the outcome of interest from before an intervention to after, between settings experiencing and those not experie
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This narrative review examines current evidence regarding hip fractures, including diagnosis, treatment, prevention, risk factors, epidemiology, and pathophysiology, particularly among older adults.
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This study compares current Medicaid rebates with international reference prices and estimated potential savings under the Generating Cost Reductions for US Medicaid payment model.
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This Viewpoint discusses the potential effect of recent US Supreme Court decisions that upheld the First Amendment rights of organizations that provide substandard or even unlicensed care that deceives patients.
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Abraham Jacobi has remarked that in America the history of medicine is almost never taught, and that as long as our universities do not teach it, the pupils feel encouraged to neglect it. Many reasons might be urged for the study of the history of science. It gives some idea of h
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To the Editor Dr Shen and colleagues provided a timely and useful Review of the biological links between obesity and cancer. They appropriately identified hepatobiliary cancer as one of the malignancies most strongly associated with excess adiposity and include liver cancer among
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In Reply We thank Dr Huang and colleagues for their interest in our translational science Review on obesity and cancer. They submit that hepatocarcinogenesis is less attributable to the mechanisms disrupted by obesity and more related to chronic metabolic liver injury—including s
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In this narrative medicine essay, a geriatrician’s thorough diagnostic testing of his symptoms of weight loss, cough, and night sweats renders no definitive diagnosis.
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Despite the recent advances in systemic therapy, survival for patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without actionable genomic alterations in the tumor is limited. A small subset of patients with NSCLC have lung-only metastatic disease and often die of progr
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This study uses national cause-of-death data to examine long-term trends in deaths caused by US law enforcement.
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To the Editor As addiction medicine physicians providing treatment for individuals using fentanyl, we appreciate the recent publication of a randomized clinical trial evaluating short-term treatment retention associated with a weekly extended-release buprenorphine injection initi
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In Reply We appreciate the opportunity to respond to comments by Drs Morris and Adams related to the low rate of precipitated withdrawal (<1%) in our recently published article, noting that 40% of the study patients had baseline urine toxicology positive for buprenorphine. We
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This prospective, single-center, registry study compares outcomes among selected patients with medically refractory, lung-limited, stage IV non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent lung transplant, patients with NSCLC who received medical management alone, and patients wi
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Hours, days, weeks are the rags of time—
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The poem “After the Diagnosis” envisions the massive impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on medicine. Its title suggests when the greatest challenges posed by AI truly begin: after its vast “knowledge” and speedy data processing have already superseded clinicians’ diagnostic a
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To the Editor The INCAPS 4 study by Dr Einstein and colleagues provided a global mapping of radiation doses in coronary artery disease imaging. This comprehensive assessment carries important implications for international patient safety.
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In Reply We thank Dr Li and Mr Jiang for their interest in our work and thoughtful comments. We concur with their message that the worldwide cross-sectional INCAPS 4 study bears profound implications for international patient safety. Indeed, mapping and improving quality and safe
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This Viewpoint discusses the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care to support coverage and payment decisions that historically have been made by human representatives.
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This nonrandomized clinical trial examines the effectiveness of serial amnioinfusions for the treatment of neonates with anhydramnios due to fetal kidney failure without bilateral renal agenesis.
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To evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of a generic ibuprofen arginine formulation (T) compared to Sibide (R) in healthy Chinese subjects under fed conditions, a randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover study was conducted. Twenty-eight eligible
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The comparative sampling efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) needles in mediastinal lymphadenopathy remains unclear. Would the fine needle biopsy (FNB), with its Franseen design, provide better results than the fine needle aspi
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Liver cancer is the second leading cause of premature cancer mortality globally, whose main causes-HBV, HCV, MASH and alcohol use-are preventable. Viral hepatitis' carcinogenicity is not as well-known as the risk of lung cancer from smoking, leading to rising rates of liver
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The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the origin, morphology, branching patterns, topography, and cranial nerve relationships of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) to inform surgical planning and reduce iat
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Current radiotherapy (RT) guidelines for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) are largely based on clinical management strategies and retrospective reports. This systematic review adopts a medical physics perspective to provide a critical, quantitative analysis of the t
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options. Gantenerumab, a β-amyloid-targeting monoclonal antibody, has shown mixed clinical results. With new trial data available, this updated systematic review and meta-analysis re-
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It is well-established that earlier generations of lipid emulsions based on soybean oil are inferior to later generations based on olive or fish oil. However, evidence directly comparing between later-generation lipid emulsions is limited. This study aims to systematically review
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This study evaluated the clinical and obstetric patterns of all reported cases of aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) Type V with fetus papyraceus and vanishing twin syndrome from 1990 to 2025 to assist in creating a diagnostic criteria and revising management algorithm. All case repor
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The rapid uptake of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in higher education has increased both enthusiasm and concern. While students' use of GenAI has been widely discussed, empirical research focusing on nurse educators' own experiences and perceptions remains
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Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent psychological condition among birthing women. While several psycho-socio-economic and neurobiological factors influence its development, its relationship with smoking behavior and nicotine addiction remains largely inconclusive. In this
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Localized intra-arterial delivery of gemcitabine (IAG) may provide advantages in terms of increased tissue concentration and decreased systemic dosing. We hypothesized IAG may result in decreased systemic gemcitabine concentration and associated side effects due to intracellular
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